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Table 5. Substitutes for Asbes<strong>to</strong>s Packings<br />

Product Advantages Disadvantages Remarks References<br />

Aramid Very strong.<br />

Tear resistant.<br />

High tensile strength.<br />

Unable <strong>to</strong> handle strongly<br />

acidic or basic fluids.<br />

500SF temperature limit.<br />

Widely known.<br />

Used in the paper industry.<br />

ICF 1986a, ICF 1985<br />

Fibrous Glass Withstands temperature <strong>to</strong><br />

1000F.<br />

Good tensile properties.<br />

P~brasive. Market is growing for glass. ICF 1986a, OGJ 1986,<br />

Chem. Eng. News 1986<br />

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Withstands temperature <strong>to</strong><br />

1000SF.<br />

Poorer wettability premium<br />

premium price.<br />

Used in high temperature,<br />

high pressure applications.<br />

ICF 1986a, OGJ 1986<br />

PTFE Low friction.<br />

FDA approved <strong>to</strong> contact food<br />

and medical equipnent.<br />

Not as resilient as asbes<strong>to</strong>s.<br />

Deforms under heavy loads.<br />

Temperature resistance <strong>to</strong><br />

500F.<br />

ICF 1986a, OGJ 1986,<br />

Palmet<strong>to</strong> Packing 1986<br />

Graphite Heat resistant up <strong>to</strong> 5000F.<br />

Chemical resistance.<br />

Brittle.<br />

Frays.<br />

Premium price.<br />

Usually with a wire insert.<br />

Used in high temperature,<br />

applications.<br />

Palmet<strong>to</strong> Packing 1986,

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