Parachute lquiruent Industry lssnciatinn

Parachute lquiruent Industry lssnciatinn
An Af f iliate of the United States Parachute Association
I44O Duke St.,Alexandria, Va 223L4 (703) 835-3495
A
W
VoLume IV, No. f 3 June 7982
PARA NEYSARTEI'
The PARA NE?SBRIEF js an indust,^g pub]ication prepated bg the Secretarg and
maiLed to aI7 nembers. Menbersltip is opn to fitms in the parachute equipment
industrg. Appl-ications mag be diEected to the address above. lreHs-lette-r
correspondence shou).d be sent to Lgnda Fotneg, 74603 Cedat crove Road SE,
Issaquah, washington, 98027, or calf 206/39209534, Subscriptions are
avaiLabLe for $15.00.
THE NEWS IN BRIEF
Published in this issue are the njnutes fEom the Winter PEIA meeting heJ.d at
the Howard, Johnsons in Arfington, Virginia, on ApriT 22, 7982; the attendance
roster of that rneetinq; the agenda for the PEIA Su'/aneE Meetingi the Ptoxg Vote
form; tlte new adopted Bg-Lawsi the revised Menbership Conmittee SOP and newJ,g
revised Application for Membership forn.
The SUMMER PEIA IIEETING wil,l. be heLd Jul,g 6, 7982, at tl]€ eualitg Inn Muskogee,
at 9:OO a.m.
The SECOND ANNUAL PEIA RIGGERS CONVENTION wil_] be heLd at the euaTitg Inn
Muskogee, at 9:OO a-m. on Jul,g 5, 7982.
Dan Pognter feel-s xhere is a need fot packing instructjons even though the item
is no longet current. Perhaps PEIA should estaDl.ish a ruLe -- say ten gears from
).ast date of manufacture.
IncLuded in t}Jis issue is a draft of TECHNICAL STANDARD ORDER (TSO) TSO-C23?.
Incl,uded a-Zso js a -ljst of Heuse corunittees and nembers who have jurisdiction
over the fAe sent in bg tlanl! 8ut-ler-

I'IINUTES OF PEIA WINTER MEE1IING
HOIIARD JOHNSONS - AI"LINGTON, VIRGINIA
APRIL 22, 7982
Cal.L to Ordet
RoJ.l. CaL7
l4inutes of ptevious rreeting approved.
Agenda adopted.
Motion on bg-Laws, discussion on bg-Jaws.
Motion to adopt as djscussed, seconded and passed.
tloqlnat inq Co//r,ltitiee Repo,.t
Ivonirrees - Chair - Elek Puskas
Secretatg - Lgnda Forneg
?reasurer - ?ed S.trong
Technica! CoffirLittee - A).an Levinson
From the fl,ooz - For Chairman - EJ.ek Puskas.
Move and passed fot cl.osure - elected bg accTimation.
for sccrecatg - Lgnda Forneg - seconded and carried.
For ?reasurer - Dick PaoLieLLo - seconded and cartied.
Insurance convnittee - Ron Edwards - nominated, seconded and cartied.
TechnicaL Comnittee - ALan Levinson - nominated, second.ed and earried.
Riggets /Ver,/s.lette.r e PEIA Direcottg - Bobbg Coker - nominated, seconded and. carried.
Award.s - Joe Smith - nominated, seconded and carried.
Menbetship DeveLoprrent - Dan Pognter - nominated, seconded and carried.
IrenbeEship Coflunittee - Barbara Crites, Chair
l4ike FuErg
BiLL Gargano
Ttansfet of officers
Break for lunch 72:OO noon
cafT to otder 1:24 p.n.
,lefcone guests: witLiatu Ottl'eg' King l{orton, Al King' Lattg BagTey
Introductjon of specia)- guest, Mike -aacreg, Chief of Ait Ognrations Branch of FAA bg
A).an Lcvinson. Mr. Sacreg tadc Che folTowing conunents: Patt 705 to stay the sanr]-
On).V parts deaTing with equipnent to be detegu)aEed. He noted one probl.em asi

l4ernbe rs hi p Conn] t tee Re F) r t
Reviewed and nade changes to SOP and new nenbership appficatjon fotn. ALso was agreed
that notjce of dues coming due wouLd be bilLed 60 dags in advance and dues wouLd be due
csn expitation date of membership. you nag not vote if yout dues are past due. MoXion
bg ntichael Rag to adopt nenbership SOP with changes. Seconded bg Joe Snith. lilotion
passed unanimous)9.
Tvo new menbership applications were accepted and voted into mefiibership. The new members
are:
Aero Graphics - Skgdiving Magazine
Skg Tech, Inc.
Box 789
7270 Engjneer Road, suite D
Del-tona, FL 32725
San Diego, CA 92171
Mike Truffer
Arthur d Linda Tucker
Motjon to accept nade bg ALan Levinson
Seconded bg Mike Furrg
Motion passed.
REPORTS FROM PREVIOUS OFFICERS
I^otion to accept bg Al,an Levinson
Seconded bg Michae) Rag
Motion Passed.
Cha)-rman
ALan Levinson reported on conversaEjon with FAA official,
Alan reports jt's onlg a natter of tine.
Tong Broderick about dereguLation.
ALan voiced PEIA's feelings concerning the poor treatnEnt and conditions at the wor]d Meet
to Jin HoopeE. However, there -is no basis for )ega7 acxion.
Alam comnented that the Tast several- gears as Chaitman of PEIA have been a verg fulfi)Jing
experience. He has watched the memlership grow from 73 to 40. He is aTso proud of the
new relationship with IJSPA. He thanks evergone for theit supprt and their outstanding
effort. Special, thanks was given to ALan bg E)ek and the nem,bers with a round of app)ause,
Motion to accept teport bg Ron Edwards.
Seconded bu Don Beck-
Secretarg
Don Beck teported xhat the newsfetter distribution is down to about AO. He has had no
ptoblem receiving information fot the netls-lette.rs. He urges the members to continue co
send infornation to LLtnda-
Don reported on making the presentation of the Achievement Award to Russ Gunbg and the
fact that it was in tine. Don enjoged making the presentation anit reported. how trutg touche
and pleased Russ was. We'Ll- alL miss him,
Don rePorted that no PEIA advettising was done in "Parachutist', over the J.ast gear due to
finances.
Motron to accept report bg BilT Gargano.
Seconded bg Ttog Loney.

freasure.r
Chat we ate nou lncotporated ln the State of Coforado as a non-
Dick PaoTlello teptted
profit organization-
Dick was asked to check on our tax exempt certificate
Motion to accept teport bg AIan Levinson.
Seconded bg Don Beck.
COI4ITITTEE REPORTS
Insurance Conmittee
fi).ed with IRS and Eepott back.
Ron Edwatds reporXed that the comrLittee has not been active in the -Zast gedr. He repotted
an insurance compang came to the PEIA meeting at the NationaLs two gears ago with a
product liabilitg package- Onl,g thtee PEIA menbers showed ang interest- Ron asked for
some direction- Product liabi)itg is avaiLabLe. Are ang il€nbers interested?
Harol,d MeELfish sent a letter to the PEIA rrcnbers conceEning an insurance company he knows
of who woul-d work with us as a group. The question of the possibilitg of heal,th Tnsurance
as a group was btought up. Ron has agreed to Look into tftis-
Motion to accept report bg Don Beck.
Seconded bg Bil) Gargano.
leclnjcal Comnittee rc
E-leJ< Puskas repotted that the riggers' convention hefd at last gear's NationaJ-s was verg
positive. He woul,d l-ike to see thjs become a tradition. He appointed the following
task fotce committee to handl-e this gear's convention: Don Beck, Al-an Levinson and Joe
Smitn.
ELek wrote a ietter to the FAA in response to the draft of TSO C23c- To date there Ins been
no response- Elek fee-ls jt is important that TSO C23c be adopted before deregulation.
Elek Eeported on kregufation Cornittee B. He sent fetters to the 70 members out]ining the
purpose of the connittee and copies of the proposed part changes. There was verg fitt]e
coTtrnent- Untjl, deregul-atorg bodg is naned, nothing IIDre can be done with tbe patts.
Motion to accept report bg A)an Levinson.
Seconded bg Ron Edwards,
Awards Conmittee
Joe Smith again commented that the award given to Russ Gurbg was tinefg. A plaque with
room for 20 names wiLL be given to USPA Headqua.rters for displ,ag. The cost of the
p)aque was $278. He is present)g work)ng on a 70 gear guarantee against tefurbishing.
Joe is currentJA soliciting
awarded at the NationaLs-
narres for the Achievement Award, He woul,d Tike to see jt be
Joe rnade a motion that PEIA issue .letters of appreciation to USPA members and staff who
ranaged and maintained a difficu.lt situation at the Worl,d Parachuting Chanpionships.
Seconded bg Don tseck. ttotion passed.

Joe npved that Jack Bergnan be on.' of the nafies to teceive a l-etter.
Dourjs. Aotion passed.
ALan Levinson naved that BiIl Ottleg and no othet nanes be sent a fetter.
Garg Doaris. I^otioh was withdrawn.
Motion to accept tepott by Don Beck.
sccondcct bg Ron Edwatds.
I4enbership & DeveLopment Cownittee
Seconded bg Garg
Seconded bg
Dan PognCer reported that the supplg of bumper stjckers funded bg PEIA foE USPA disttibutio'
wiLl run out in Jul-g. eloufd Like new ideas for another bunper sticfte-r progEam.
Motion to accept repoEt bg Elek Puskas.
Seconded bg John Brunner.
Part 22 Revision Report
Don Beck Eeported that Part 22 was accepted b9 USPA. Closed jssue.
Motion to accept repoEt bg A)an Levinson.
Seconded bg John Brunner.
Bg-Laws ConvLittee
A).an Levinson teported again aLout Part 22 beinq accepted and a-lso the new bg-Laws being
accepted.
NEW BUSTNESS
ETek wouLd Like a detaiLed agenda two months before each meeting from the cowlittee chairnat
Dick PaiiaLLo was directed to find the best place fot the $3500 savings we no* have and
report back.
Ltichael Rag was told that in order for 3-Ring, Inc- to use tle PEIA logo jn thejr advertising,
3-Ring woul,d have to join PEIA as a sepatate nentber.
A notion was n;1de bg Ron Edwards foI noEices of Xhe PEIA fieeiings to be sent bg certified
nail, with teturn/teceipt, along with a proxg ind)cating vhich nembet who wifT be present,
to vote for them. each nenber present wi77 be alLoweit onlg one ptoxg vote- A copg of
the agenda is to be incfuded in this notice. seconded bg Joltn BIunneI' I^otion passed'
Motion to adjourn was made by Don Beck.
Seconded bg Bobbg Coker.
Meeting was adjoutned at 5:27 p-n., ApriT 22' 7982'
25 intetested persons attended the meeting.

ATTENDANCE ROSTER OF PEIA MEETING
APRIL 22, 7982
Dan Pognter
Duncan Gtant
para publ.ishing
canadian sport Parachutjng Assoc.
rc Box 4232
333 Rivet Road
Santa Barbara, CA 93103 Ottawa' Ont- Canada KJL 889
Ted Wright
Mike Forrg
Airborne InternationaL
Django Enterptises, Inc.
4 Segrour Road 2348 JoIn GLenn Drive
Howick, AuckJ.and ChanbJee, GA 30347
New ZeaLand
Lee Fl,o|d
Bobbg Coker
Django Entetprises , Inc.
McEl,fish Patachute SeEvice
2i48 JoIn GLenn Drive
Box 35374 ClEnbfee, GA 30341
Dal-l,as , Tx 7 52 35
BiJl Cargano
E-lek Puskas
B. Gargano & Co., Inc.
Pdrc-fl.lco, rnc.
75042 Parkwag LoopttC"
5807 Magnofia Ave. Tustin. cA 92680
Pennsauken, NJ 08709
Thoras w. Bennion
Joe Smith
US Atng Parachute Team
Joe Smith Parachutes , Inc - gox 725
Box 39 Ft. Eragg' NC 28307
IEwisberrg , PA 17 339
l4ichaef Rag
Lgnda Forneg
Relative WorkshoP
Para-PhernaLia, Inc.
7725 N. Lexington
74603 Cedar Grove Road sE DeLand, FL 32720
Issaquah, WA 98027
Trog Loneg
Centaurus Corporation
36 West Evans Avenue
King Morton
IISPA
Box 344 Denver, CO 80223
Livingston, TN 38570
Afan Levinson
T]r.tt l(.ttpdpr pinnPFr.qmrtafl.e
lqr^y .\rqeye4
NationaL Parachute suppLg, Inc.
474 Pendl,eton Wag
Box 7O0O OakLand' CA 94621
Flemington, NJ 08822
JoLn Brunner
G.Q. Securitg Parachutes, Inc.
Ron Edwards
National- Parachute suppLg, Inc. Box 30967
Box 1000 San Leandro' cA 94578
Flemington, NJ 08822
Dick Paoliefl.o
John Higgins
ContinentaL Air Sports
Chute Shop
113 S. Monroe-Siding Road Ffemington, NJ' 08822
Xenia, OH 45385
Garg Douris
Kel1g Gear
17860 StrickLand
ELsinore, CA 92370

Call to order 9AM sharp
1982 PEIA SUMMER MEETING DATE: July 6, 1982
PLACE: Qual ity Inn Muskogee
2300 E. Shawnee
l'luskogee, 0klahonra 744O.
AGENDA 918 683-6551
1: Approval of minutes of Iast meeting
2: Adoption of the agenda
3: Exec. Cormittee Reports
Puskas, Chairman: FM & Deregulation
sAE & As8015A
"Four Line" Release Problem
PEIA Gavel
Palielo, Treasurer: PEIA IRS Filing
Savings Account
Forney, Secretary: l,lews Letter Mailing Procedures
4: Insurance Conur. Report, Edwards
Product Liabil ity Insurance
AVEIMCO Presentation
5: Technical Corm. Report, Levinson
Riggers Convention
Plan "8" Activities
6: Membership Comm. Report, Furry
Fi nal SOP
Fi na1 Appl i cation Form
7: Awards Comm. Report, Smith
Reconmendation For Achievment Award
"Twenty Year" Plaque
8: USPA Membership Development, Poynter
New Idea Generation
9: Riggers News, Coker
Status RePort
New Business:
Appointment of Nominations Conrnittee, Puskas
Riggers Convention 1983
Plan "A" Activity by PEIA without USPA
Adjournment 5PM
Cocktail Party 6PM to 7PM, Host Don Beck
PEIA Banquet 7PM

I
Parathute huiruent Industry lssnuiation
An Alllli.tc ol tho Unllod Stgtos Pgrgchuto Atsoci'lron
8oo lSth st., N'w.. suite 444, washington, D'c' 20005 l2o2l 347-5773
PROXY VOTE (1)
PEIA Menber Company
hereby authorizes Mr. /t'ts.
to caac our voce as he/ehe/they see flt.
Signature of Prlncipal of Member Company
PEIA Member Conpany
hereby authorj.zes Lir. /Ms.
Lo casE our voEe of
ou the lssue of
Signature of Prlncipal of Member Courpany

ApriT 1982
ANPTED BY-LAWS
PAR;ACHUTE EQUIP!4ENT 1 NDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
ARTICLE I.
ARTICLE II.
ARTICLE III.
Name
The nane of this organization shall be "Parachute EquipfiEnt Industrg
Association" and is estab.lished as an affi),iate of the United States
Paraehute Association.
Object
The object of tltis orqanization shal,l- be to advance the growth, development
and safetg of sport parachuting.
Membership
A membership is defined as that person ot organization neeting the
ARTICLE IV.
membership crixer.ia of the l,tenbership Cowiittee and having paid'the annualdues.
Said rember wifl, have one (7) vote-
Officers
Section l-. The eLective officers of this organization sha-I.-l be a Chaitman, Secretarg ,
Section 2.
and Treasurer.
Duties and Tenure
The dutjes of the Chairman shaTL be to preside over the neetings of the
Executive Comittee, to act as the Tegal head of the sanF- and exercjse
such other authoriLg and perfotm such othet dutjes as shal.l be authorized
bg Xhe Executive ConnLittee - Further, the Chairman sttal-1, presjde over the
neetings of the Association, appint necessa-rg conwLittees, and perfotm
such other duties as the recognized ruLes of otder confet on the office of
Chairnan. He shaLL represent the PEIA to the US?A BoaEd of DJ.Eeccors.

Apri) 7982
Adopted Bg-Laws
Page Two
The duties of xhe Secretarg sha)J
be to keep the records of the Assocjation
and of the Executive ComnitXee. To tecord tI/€ l4inutes of the ^essociation
and Executive Cor4n.ittee rneetings, distribute officiaf notices as directed,
conduct official cottespondence, keep a tecotd of attendance at af7 neetings
and to petform such other duties
chair neetings in the absence of
as mag faLl on this office.
the Chai'IrE'n.
He wifi aLso
The dutg of the Tteasuret shal,l, be to col,Tect and account fot nenies and
rep€tt on the finances of the essociatjon. He shaLl rendet suci financia-l
teports as are ditecEed bg the Executjve Comnittee and in the absence of
the Clainoan and, Secretarg chair meetjngs.
The term of office of the el.ective officers shaTl- be for a period of one
gear. (?his one gear term and election shal,L coincide with the Winter
Meeting.) Election shal,L be bg nomination and the winner wiLl be declared
bg a pluta)itg of votes ftom the menbers present-
ARTICLE V.
Executive Cownittee
The Executive Comnittee of the PEIA shaLL consist of the Chaitman, Secretarg,
and Treasurer. Theg shal) have geneta-l supervis:.on of the Association and
the authoritg corwnon)g conferred on such bodies bg the recognized rul,es of
order.
Ang proposition affecting the fundanrentai regu)ations, po)icies or weffare
of Ehe Association sha-i-Z first be referred. to the Executive Cownittee. No
vote shafl, be taken by tbe Association on such a proposition un-less t}le
nr:mbership, through the officiaL publication or bg individual, notice, has
been notified at feast one month in advance of such vote.

Apri! 7982
Adopted Bg-I'aws
Page Three
ARTICLE VI.
SecEion 7.
Conrnittees
The foLl'owing shalT be standing conmittees:
I4enbership; The Menbership ConwLittee sha-l-l consist of three (3) voting
nenbets in qood standing in the PEIA. Af7 thtee members of this corunittee
shal,l, be nominated and voted onto the corunittee bg a p)utalitg vote of tte
nembers present at the |/.inxer Meeting. Their terns shal'l' be for a period
of two (2) gears.
TechnicaL standards-PubJ-icacions and GoveEnnental Rel.ations: This cownittee
wiLL have a chaitman elected bg a pluralitg vote of the PEIA nF,nbets present
and is eLected at the sane meetinq of PEIA that el.ects officers.
The ter.m
of eLection of this chairman wi7l, coincide with the term of the Executive
Comittee.
Insurance comittee:
This comrLittee chaitnan wiff be e)ected bg a
plura)itg vote of the PEIA nenbets present. Conmittee nenbetshi.St and thisefection
wiTf coincide with the el-ection of the PEIA officers.
Section 2.
No cownittee shalL have the authoritg to comrLit the Assocjation on matte.rs
of policy or finance.
ARTICLE VII.
The organization shaL). be incorporated under the -Iaws of the State of
Col-orado.
ARTICLE VIII.
Amendnents and Adoption
These Bg-Laws mag be amended bg a two-thitds vote of rrenibers etesent at a
reguLar ot special meeting of the organization, aftet the anendment tjas .been
read at one ptevious regu)ar neeting and publ,isehd jn the organization's

Apri) 1982
Adopted Bg-Laws
Page I'ouI.
officiaf
pub)ication, or written notice having otherwise been futnished
the membership of the organization at Least one rp.nth ptior to the neeting
at which it is to be considered-
These Bg-Lars sha.l-l be decLated adopted bg a two-tlLirds najotitg of aJJ
voting nenibers present at the teeting at wl7.ich jt js coasjdered.
ARIrcLE IX.
Meetinqs and Elections:
Meetings of the PEIA shaLL be twice a gear. one of which coincides wjth
the United States Parachute Association wintet BoaEd of Directots Meeting
and the other during the U.S. National, Parachute Championships. Regu.lar
fi€etings of the PEIA wiLL be announced in writing to a),1 menbers at .least
thirtg (30) dags in advance of the neeting. A Legal quotum sha.I.l consist
of no Less than twentg-five (25) percent of the currentl.g enrolLed
membership.
SpeciaJ, n:eetings rrag be caf fed bg the Executive Comlittee, who shal-L se-lect
the time and p)ace.
Nominations:
Notuination for eLective office sha-l-l De nade bu a committee of five
appointed bg and inc)uding Ehe Chairrran. The comnittee shaLL nominate
candidates for each office and shaLL notifg each nominee of the slate
se.lected- Nomination al,so nag be nade bg nenbers, either verbaTly or in
writing, at the annuaL eTection-

Apri) 7982
Adopted. Bg-Laws
Page Five
Renpvaf of officers and comnittee Chairnen:
El,ected ofticets and com1fi.ittee clraiErren nag b renoved from office at ang
tinF- bg a two-thirds vote of the nenbetship ptesent at an announced
Ireeting of the PEIA.
Me@ersh!p@,
Ang PaEachute Equiprent Industrg Association renibet t|'gg be expelTed bg a
two-thirds voxe of the rembersdp present at an announced nBeting of the
PETA.
ARTICLE X. Patliarcntary AuXt/€.,^ :
Robert's Rul.es of Otder Newly Revised sha]l, be the parLianentarg authoritg
for al,L legisfaCive pzocedutes not specificaT)g covered bg the Bg-Laws of
this organization-

REVISED I'{AY 1982
P .E. I.A.
MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE S.O.P.
I.
PROCEDI'RE FOR APPLICATION AND CONSIDERATION
A. Applicancs seeking Associate Membershig in the P.E.I.A.
shall complete the membership application.
B. The appllcation, along with any other information the
applicant wishes Eo be considered, and a check for one
yearrg duea (currently $200) shall be submltted to the
secretary sixty days prior to consideration by the general
oemberahlp. The secretary will publlsh ln the agenda
a copy of the applicacion so that current members will
be aware of the new applicanc Eo be considered at the
next oeeEing.
C. The secretary shall, at least 30 days prior to the next
general meurbership meeting, forward the applicalion to
the Membership Cornmittee. They shall, by review of the
application, determi-ne whether or not !o recommend that
applicant for membership. This application and review,
along with commiEcee I s recommendations shal1 be presented
to the general membership aE the next meeting. In
the case of a split vote, a minori-Ey report may be submitt.ed.
They may also recornmend I'with reservationstt,
which they will define.

Meuibership CouuuicEee S.0.1'.
PaBe t
D.
At the general membershiP meeting Ehe applicant shall,
either in person or by letEer presented Eo and by the
Membership ComoitEee, sc.aEe Eheir business or experience
along with reasons why the applicat.ion should be
accepEed.
E.
At the meeting the general membership will' uPon
recelpt of the report from the Membership CommitEee,
vote on acceptance or requesE a hearing with the applicanc,
after which lhey will vote on acceptance. A twothirds
majority of voEes in favor wi-ll consEitute
accepcance of the appllcant.
F.
G"
Appli.cations for subscription membershlps need only be
a leEEer Eo t.he SecreEary with enclosure of appropriate
dues (currencly $15 per year).
If an applicant is denied membership, their dues wi-l1
be refunded, and they ur,ay reapply at any laEer time
within the fornr,at of chis S.O.P.
II.
I.{EMBERSHIP CRITERIA & PRIVILEGES
A. AssociaEe Membership
1. CriEeria
a. MainEain a perrD€rnenE address Ln the UniEed
States of America from which they conducE the
majority of their business.

Mernbcrship Corn,niEE.ee S.O.I,. Page 3
b. Be directly involved in the manufacture, sale,
development, regulation or proootion of parachute
eqtrlpaent and Lts safecy.
c- Malntain a standard of good business practices.
d. Be current in their payment of dues.
2. priveleges
a. The use of the offtcial pEIA logo
b. May receive all publications and correspondence
c. The righE to atcend and parElcipate in meecings
and dlscussi.ons.
d. The rlght co vote
e. May hold office or committee poslEions
t.. Any other privileges as set forth in USpA
part 22
B. Subscri.ption Membership
1. Criceria
a. Pay subscription dues
b. Have an inherent interest in the Association
2. Privileges
a" Irray receive arr publications and correspondence
auEhorized by the Executive Commi_tEee
b. Ivlay attend open meetings and participate in
discussions

'
Mernbership CommlEte S.O.P. Page 4
C. Honorary Membership
Honorary Membership is hereby provided for:
Recomnendations by the ExecuEive Comroitcee with
approval by 2/3 majority of all Associate Members
sha1l clearly define Ehe criteria and priveleges
of this category when the need arises.
ttlt#
THE PErA RTGGERS coNVENTToN Nt.LL BE HELD AT THE euALITy rNN, rN MUsKocEE, oK,
AT 9:0O AM, JULy 5. t982, THIS IS rHE 2ND ANNUAL CONVENTION.

I
trq Puau[ub httiutrilt hiltstry lssuieUu
A. Arl'r,.r.6r rh. U^'td 5r'r'r P''anur' Ard''r'u^
EOE lsrh St N W Surts 444, Wilhrngton' O C 20OO5 (2021 347 5773
APPLICATION FOR },IEMBERSHIP
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
TELEPHONE NUMBER
STATE
COUMRY
CORPORATE OFFICERS OR PRINCIPALS
-ZIP
INDUSTRY IT.n'oLvED (PRoDUCTS MANTJFACTURED, SOLD, ETc. )
TYPE OF BUSINBSS (RETAIL, IIANIJFACTURING, SERVICE, ETC.)
YEARS IN BUSINESS
LOFT RATINGS HELD
TSO HOLDER? OTHER FEDEML CERTIFICATIONS?
FEDEML nlcloynn/tlx NUI'{BER
STATE RESALE CSRTIFICATE NUT{BER
OTHER COMMENTS AND INFORMATION
ADDrrroML PAPER rr Nrcssseny)
YOU WISH TO BE CONSIDERED (USE
RATINGS HELD BY KEY PERSONNEL
TYPE OF APPLICATION: f) ASSOCTETE MEMBERSHIP
! susscnrPTroN MEMBERSHTP
RETURN WITH REFUNDABLE MEMBERSHIP DUES FOR ONE YEAR ENCLOSED

l[:q[.1]=t$lffti
2615 Love Field Drive o Daltas, Texas 75235
April 2L,L982
1'o: Mernbers of P.E.I.A.
Upon your approval, I
to AVEMCO Eo ger rhe ball
r
"Your Safety
is Our Eusrness"
Spod Parrchutos
Suryival Equipml
n6trs, Ves6
Iortilo Goods
rr\bbbh9, Throad
Tap€, Twtnc. Cordagg
FlEhMoa.
Atrc,th A@arcrio
Upon recently investigatiug alternate Gources of Product.
Liability insurance, I came across a company who I believe could
be of great benefit Eo members of Parachute Equlpment Industry
AssociaEion.
Compared to quoEations we have received in lhe past from
other lnsurence carriere, thie courpany, AVEMCO insurance coopany,
can offer subsEantlal eavlnge on flrst-do1lar product liability-'
coverage, and wlthout prohiblcivcly large nlnimums that. tend Eo
exclude smaller compani.es. I have had Ehe opportunlty to invice
noE only the sales personnel, buc also Cheir underwriEers to visit
our.premises and discuss with them the possibiLlty of insuring Ehe
enEire P.E.r.A. . rt rnighc be interescing co note t.hac che underwriter-in
Ehis case u/aa a former parachuEisE who helped to organize
the^national.parachuting organization in sweden in the very eirly
rybu's, and ls consequenEry very sympachetic Eo parachutlng concerns.
AVEMCO is owned partially.by GEICO (Government [mpioyees
r.tiltplgg.courpnay) w[ich is a $9 nrillion company, and ir"ir uy SI(ANDrA,
a..$2^billion company which has been in rhe US f6r- over 82 years.
AVEI'lco is rated "A+" in Besc's. Addiconarly, AVEMco is now in Ehe
process of.-looking into insuring the field of ultralites. AE presenE
Ehey wilr insure ultralite sales, but not manufacturing.
expect to 'They
be in this field before long.
:m in che past has been Ewo-fold:
:o get enough P.E.I.A. menrbers to
ations Eo take advancage of a good
3l""iln"f l;:,ii:sl";:ii;:l:fi :,
whou, rhey wourd conracr individuairf"llotlii,if i;3 l;h.$itl3l"i"
a quick and discrete manner. r am positive that, fronr ttre quot"cio.,
we have received as an individual compauy, we could obcain Jery good
product at least 507. parcicipation anong-members. premiums vrorrtI b.
based on Glales vorunre, nakin! Ehis insuiance affordable for eve.ryone,
will be happy co submiE a lisr of members
rolling.
u"E,iri"n ,6"$
C. ftlaro\d McFf
Prds iderls
submitted,
>-

Contnung Educalion and Extensrcn
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
TWIN CITIES
Deparlment ol Conlerences
131 Nolte Center
315 Pillsbury Drive S E
Mrnneapolrs, Minnesota 55455-01 1 I
(61 2) 373-4984
. ANNOUNCEMENT
Additionai program information is now available regarding the Helmut
G. Heinrich Short Course on Parachute Systems Technology. The meeting is
scheduled for July 19-23,1982, and wil'l be held at the Earle Brown Center
on the St. Paul Canpus of the University of Minnesota.
ln addition to having Mr. T.W. Knacke and Dr. lililliam Garrard, we have
rece'ived preliminary acceptarices from a number of government and industry
experts who wil'l address the program topics. The course content, where
appropriate, w'lll emphasize the applicat'ion of computers to parachute design,
rnodeling and simulation
Attached is a prelintinary program schedule and registration form.
Please note the $50 discount on reglstration if you register prior to May 15.
Enrollment is limited to 75 to assure an appropriate learning environment.
Following is some additional information which will be he'lpful to you
if you are pldnning to attend the conference.
1- The Minneapol'is Hilton Inn has been selected as the headquarters
hotel. Their address is 1330 Industrial Blvd. , Minneapol is, MN
55413. Telephone - (6LZ) 331-1900. Room rates at the Hilton are
$50 single and $62 double. Reservations should be made at ledst
2 weeks prior to the course.
?. English will be the official language of the course.
3. The registration fee includes tuition, a printed set of course
materials, lunches, refreshment breaks, and transportation to and
fronr field trip sites. Transportation from the Hilton Hotel to the
Earle Brown Center will also be available.
If you have questions please contact:
For prograrn contcnt information -
Williarn Garrard
I07 Akerman HalI
(612) 373-2675
For other information -
Gordon Amundson
207 Nolte Center for Continuing
Educati on
(612) 373-7839

PREt IHINARY PROCR4I'|
HELHUT G HIIIIRICH SHORT COUR5I ON PAMCHUTI SYSTtIIS ItCHI]t)LOGY
Jufy l8 - 23, lg82 [ar'le Brown Center, St Pdui Campus, University of llinnesota
SundaJ, Julv 18 __ Monday, July l9 ___I_gg!day,_,lulf_?q_ _ fiednesday, July 2l !1$!CJ. _t!_Lr 22 FridaY, Jg[ 23
9:00 - 12:00 a.m
Introduction
l/. Garrard
Program overYiew
T. l/ Knacke
Aerodynamics, oynami cs,
llind Tunnel Test ing
l.i Garrard
Parachute SYstems TechnologY
The morning lectures xill be given by Hr. T.!. Knacke and wi'll
incluOe (i) discussion of system requrrements, (2) cmparative
evaluation of different parachute types and various system concepts'
part of the lecture.
7:00 p,m. Registration
Social Recep',i on
Minneapolis Hilton
Hote l
2:00 - 6:30 p.nr
Test Techniques
Iind Tunnel Testing and
Instrsentati on
, demonstrations
l:00 - 5:00 p.m.
Opening Force Theories
Kevlar Parachute Des'i9n
Stress Analysis
. CAN0 oemnstrations
1:00 - 5:00 P.n.
Escap€ Systems
Requi renents
Physiology of EscaPe
Interfare Eetween
Parachute SubsYstem
and [jection Seat
Harness and Restraint
Systms
Naval ordnance
Retardat i on
Subruni t i on Retardation
1:00 - 5:00 p.m.
Ai rdrop Requi rements
Impact Attenuati on
Textile Technology
Kevlar Textile
Technol ogy
l:00 - 5:00 p.m
Sooster Parachute
Probl ems
llid-Air Retlieval
Conference llrap-lJp

HELMUT G. HEINRICH SHORT COURSE ON
PAMCHUTE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY
July 18-23, 1982
36-04
Earle Brown Center
REGISTRATION FORIVI
NAME
AFFILIATION
I./ORK ADDRESS
I.,ORK PHONE
( Street ) (ci ty) ( State ) (zip)
POSITION
l--1
I enclose $550 if malled prlor to May 15, 1982 (check or monsy order
payable to the Universlty of Minnesota) ln payrnent of the fees for
the Helmut G. Heinrich Short Course on Parachute Systens Technology.
I enclose $600 if mailed after l'lay 15, 1982 (check or money order
payable to the University of Minnesota) in payment of the fees for
the Helmut G. Heinrich Short Course on Parachute Systems Technology.
L-J
Bil1 My conrpany at address given above.
MAIL TO:
Registrar, Department of Conferences, University of Minnesota,
P.0. Box 14084, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414.
DATE
S I GNATURE

January 7, 1981
Don Beck
DJ Associates
2509 Riviera Circle
Ft. $rith, AR 72903
Dear Don:
Enclosed for circulation to our menbers are a notice published in the Federal
Register about TSO C-23c, a copy of the draft TSO C-23c, and a copy of my
letter to the FAA regarding TSO-C-23C.
The documents speak for tiemselfs, but if you, or any of our menibers, have any
questions please feel- free to call me.
New Year
);"-1,-- (
EY/CD
Enclosures
P.S. Please send me more PEfA stationary.

Subject: ISo{23cr Fersannel Paradtute Assenblies
(a) Aplicabilitv. :
( 1) llfntntn tris ltsc*rrical Standard Order
(TsO) Frescrite
ard that prscrurl [Eractlute
asssnblies lrrrst rEet in qder to be id€ntified witlt tlre alplicable TSo
narkurg. ltris TSO has been gepred in xrcprdance rrith the procedural
rules set forttr in Subpdt O of tlre Federal Aviatiat Egulatiqls Part 21 .
Fersmel parac*rute assenrblies UraE are to be o identified md that are
manufact,rred cn G after the date of tlris ISO mr6t teet the Elardard 6et
forttr in Society of ArtqrDtive Ergineers, Inc. (SAE), hroqnce Stardard
(AS) 8015, 'llini.nun Ferfornranae Standard for Paractrute Assslblies,
Persqnelrr alated Sepcember Ir 1976, asapndd rrrd zulplernnted by tttis
TSO.
(3) Envirqrnental Standard. DU|e ryecified.
(b) tGrkiqg. twre in ditim to the rnrking epecified tn Federal
Aviatiqr FTEEions (FAR) S 21.50?(d).
(c) Data Reguir€rnents. In ddition to PAR S 21.605' the rEnufacturer
nust furnr$-E6eTn're meering and t{anufacturing Branch, Elignt
Standards Divisian (or in ttre lrlcrthrrst-{buntain Regiqr, t}re Aircraft
Certificaticn Divisiqr), Federal Aviatiqr Adninistratiqr' in the regiot in
wtridr tlre nEnufacturer iE located, one co[+, of ttre following tecfnical
data:
( 1 ) Qerat j,ng instrrEtiqrs.
(21 Equipent lirnitatiqrs.
(3) Inspecticn and test procedures agplicable to t}is product.
({ ) Specif icaticrs.
( 5) llafurtenancle lxoc$ures.
(6) lilanufact,lEer'E TSO qralificatiqr test retrt.
(d) Previously Appro\rd Eguigrent. Persqrnel lErachute assenb]'ies
4
apgorred prlor to tlre -dace-Fth-is Tso-rnay cDnLinue to be rEnufactured
under the grovisions.of the original alproval.

2 - DRAEI lSot23c
(e) Availabilitv of Reference bq,mnts.
( t ) Oopies of SAE AS 8015 rey b grrchased frqn tlrc 8ociety of
AutclDtive Engineers, Inc., Eparbnnt 331, 100 @uglcalth Drive,
l{arrendale, Pennsylvania 15095.
(21 Federal Avj.atio Regulaticrrs 21, Slrbpart O and Advisory
Circul.ar 20-110, Index of Aviatim Tecturical Standard Orders tEy b
reviered at the FAA lbadguarter6 in the Office of Ainprtlriness, Aircraft
Eng ineering od llanufactr.rring Of f ices.
}t. C. BEARD
Director of Airrcrtlrinegs

Offie of Ainorlhiness,
Doc a|,.{rytldu-rH:HMl
rurc coD€ 4rrert{
Uferatt (RcverEible and
Nonreverciblc); Request f or
Commenta on Dratt Technical
Slandard Order
Federal Aviation
^cEtacY: Administrabon (FAA), DOT.
tcttoN: Request for coments on drafl
'l'echnical Stmdard Order ffSO).
suuulny: The &aft TSO-C7oa
prescribes the minjnu performance
slandard that liferafts (reversible and
nonrewrsible) rnusl meet the order to be
identjfied uitb the TSO marking "TSG
C70a,"
oArE: Comments 6ust ldeDtlfy the TSO
file nurnber end bo r€coivGd on or bgforo
l'Ebtuery 19, 1982'
aDotEos: Seod sll commenls on lhe
drrtt Tcchtic.l Strndard Ordcr (ol
l'cdercl AybtJon Adnlnlrtnllon, gyrtrna
LJra nch. AVVS-130. Alrqsll En8inGcritrg
lJrvision. Olfice of Airs'orrhiner:-Filc No.
lSo{/oa, 6@ Indcpendcne Avcnuc.
S W., Wrsirin8lorl D.c- 2o5gl.
Or deliver coonents to:
Rooo 335,6{l) lodependence Avenuc, S W-
W.Ehinttoe O c. Z]59r.
FOR FUNTHER II{FORMANON CONTACT:
Ms Bobbie f. Smith, Sl,stems Branch.
ASW-130, Aimaft Engineering Division,
Office of Aimorrhiness, Federal
Avia tion AdDiristra tion, 8OO
I ndependence Avenue. S-W-
Washington, D.C. 20591, Telephone (202)
4 20-{J395.
Comments received on the draft
'l'echnical Standard Order may be
rrrspecled. before and after the closing
dirtc for comtnls, ut Room 335, FAA
[leadquartere Building (FOB-1OA), 800
Independence Avenuc. S.W.,
l\Iashinglon, D C.20591, between O:30
a rn and 5:0O p rn-
SUPPLEH€NTARY INFONMATION:
Cornnrents loyited
Federal Registcr / Vol. so, No. 220 / Monday, November
D.C- on November
Intr:rcsled persons are inviled to
commenl on the proposed TSO listed in
tlils nolre by aubmitting such wriilen
datr, r'iews, or atguments as they may
rlesirc Commmjcations should idcntr[y
tlr:'l SO fic number and be submriled lo
thr: addreus specrfied above. All
commulicalions received on or beforc
lhl elosrng date [or comnrents specrfied
rlror c n rll be considrred by thc Direclor
of Ar worthiness be[orc issuing the frnal
I:;(J
How To Obtaia Copiee
A copy of the proposed draft TSO
rosybe obt8in€d by contacting the
person under "Por Further lnformatjon
Contacl" Fedenl Teot Method
Standards No. t91 may be examired at
any FAA tegiooal Offico of the Chief,
Ergireering and Maaulecluring Bruc[
Flight Slmdardo Divieion (or the Chief,
Aircralt CstificaLion Program/Division),
and may be obtained (or purcbased)
from the General Seruices
Admiaistration, Business Service
Cent€r, RegioD 3,7tI and D Streets,
S.W., Washington D.C. 20{07.
lssued in Wachingtoo, D C., oo November
4, 1981.
M. C. Bqrd,
Director, Olftce of Aimorlhiness.
ll1 h u-wr t''l.d rr-rHl: o.5.ml
atuf€ omt attltHl
Prrronnol P.rachuta Ao3.mblirsi
RGqu..l tor Conm.nla on Diatt
Trchnlc.l Standard Ordct
AcEr.CY; Federal Avlatloo
Adnlrl.r.tlon (PAAl, DOT,
AcTlOr: Requcst for comrnents on &aft
Tccbnical Etaodud Order (TSO).
suxxaRY: The draft TSG{23c
prescribes the minimum performuce
standard Lhat pemomel parachute
assemblies mu6t meet in order to be
identificd with tbe TSO markinS "TSO-
C23c."
OaTE Comments must identify tbe TSO
file number and be rcceived on or before
February 19,1982.
eooness: Send all comrnents on tbe
Federal Aviation Adminislrstion. SysleDs
Iranch, AWS-130, Aircra f I Engineering
Drvision. Office oI Ain'orthiness-Frle
TSO-C23c. Em Independence Avenuc,
Room 335,ofl) lndependence Avenue, S.W..
WssbinSton, D.C. 2059r.
FOR FURTHEF II'FOEMAYION CONTACT:
Ms. Bobbie l. Smith, Systems Branch,
AWS-r30, Aircrsf I Engineering Division,
Office of Airworthiness, Federal
Avia tion AdminiEbation, 80O
lndependence Avenue. S.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20591. Telephone (202)
426-€395.
Comments received on the draft
Technical Standard Order nray be
inspected, before and afler {he closing
dalc for comments, al Room 335, I'AA
Headquarters Euilding (l:OB-10A). 8OO
lndependence Avenue, S W.,
Washinglon. D.C- 2059f , Uetween 8:30
a m and 5:00 p m.
16, 1981 / Notices
suP?lruErranY rNFOixArlot$
Comcots Invited
. Iaterested persons are invited to
com.meDt on lbe prcpoeed TSO listed in
this noti,ce by submitting such witten
da ta, views, or asMents as they may
desire. Conmunications should identify
the TSO ile number and be submitted to
tbe ad&ess Epecified above. All
Eommunicstions received oo or before
the closing dale for coomen!s specified
above u.ill be consideted by the Director
of Airworthiness before issuing t-he final
TSO.
How To Obtain Copies
A copy of the prcposed draft TSO-
C23c Day be obtained by conlacting the
person uder "For Further [nJomation
Con tact." TSG{23c references Socie$r
of Automotive Engineem, Inc. (SA-E),
Aerospec. Sludsrd (AS) EOl5 dated
Seplcmber 1, 1970, which may be
p$chered froo tha SocielY of
Auto6odvr Englncerr, [nc., Dcpartrrenl
331. {oo Cotrunonweslth Drive,
Wrrren dale, P€nnty lvanis 1 5090.
lrrurd tn Wrrhiajton. Il,C, on Novcmbcr
rl,1981.
ll. C 8eand.
Directon Office of Airuorthiness.
IFR k al..gl frl.d rr-rH; a:a5.nl
lrL4G @N attor{
Protcciivc Br.rrhing Equlpmcnt;
Fcouast lor Commcnis on Dratt
TGchnicrl Stindard Order
acExcY: Federal Aviation
Adni.o.istration (FAA), DOT,
acftol: Reouest for comments on draft
Technical Siandard Order (TSO).
sumuaav: The draft TSH99
prescribes the minimm performance
standard t-hal protective breathing
equipmenl must meel in order 1o be
identified with the TSO msrking
"TSO-C99."
DAT€: Comrenls musl identify the TSO
file number and be received on or before
February r9, 1982.
ADoREss: Send all comments on the
draft Technical Standard Order lo:
Federal Aviation Administralion Systems
8Bnch. AW$I30. Airsfa Engineering
Drvision, 0lfice of Aifrorthioess-File No,
TSO-Cgg, EOO lndependence Avenue, SW..
l1'sshinSlon. D C 20591.
Or deliver comments lo:
Room 335.8O0 lndependcnce Avenue SW..
\{ashinston. D-C 2059r.
FOF FURTHEi IilFORMATION CONTACT:
Nls Bobbre I Smith. Syslems Brdnch,
A\'VSF130, Aircraft Engineering Division,

UNITED
STAT E S
PARACHUTE
ASSO C IAT IO N
806FfFTEENTHSTREET,NW,SUITEaa4.
WASHINGTON,DC 20005. (2021347'5713. TelexNATAEBO64l49
Novenben 16, I98l
gI
to PAMCHUTIST Adventiser
A test prognam unden consideration at USPA:
TTIE I'{EW IIBINGO CARDII
... USPAIs MEMBERSHIP INFORMTION SERVICE
In response to the r€quest made to Larry Bagley at the nost recent
conference of the Parachute Industny Equiprnent Association, PARACIiLnIST
magazine is planning to deveLop wliat is known in the Publishing tnade as a
ttBi-ngo Cardrr (on Readen Service Card), which we hope to make a permanellt featur'
of PAMCHUTIST magazine - to increase stil.I more its usefulness to its readens
and, most important, its profit poterrtial fot'you - our adventisers,
The concePt is simple: in an upcoming issue of PAI{ACHOTIST we Plan to
l:ist on a tear-out postcard inser.t all- adver.tisens who indicate thein willingness
to participate in this test. Errclosed is a sketch of how this insert rnay
appear, fi:ont flap and back fJ.ap.
Ilach postcard r.eceived by us will go to a special box nrunber where it
will- be pr

DEPARTMENT OF THE AlR FORCE
sasE coirnacllNG oFflcE
aox r8t. uSAF aCAOEr|Y, COLOiAOO l0s0
g FEB
D & J Associal-cs, lltc '
25O9 Rivcra Cirelc -
t orL SIni th, Alt 72903
The Parachute Branch at the Air Force Academy has requested I
obtain tandem harness/container systems and Ram-Air main canopies
frorn parachute manufacturers for test and evaluation purposes
only. The eystem and other requirements are listed in Atch I.
The items w111 be evaluated for use in demonstration junping.
If you wish to provide these items for test and evaluation,
under the conditions set forth on the attached USAFA Form 23,
you must conplete and send one 6et (3 copies) of this form before
shipment of the items (one signed copy will be returned
to you). Send the completed USAFA Form 23 to:
June Hamilton
Base Contracting office
Box 189
USAF Academy CO 80840
Information concerning the USAFA Form 23 or shipment can be
obtained by contacting rne at (303) 472-4410. For information
about the equipment and specifications, contact the USAFA Parachute
Branch at (303) 472-2062/2346. Please send evaluation
items to:
Parachute Branch (MSgt Quintus/2062)
Bldg 8110, Door 72
USAF Academy, CO 80840
Due to the priority of the request (obligation of funds, orderi.tg,
etc.) your tinely response is essential.
./'1
\-
/tr-*
jn uLrL
Price
BaSe
^ - -J
-t/n-U,ta*
HAMILTON
Analyst
Contracting Office
3 Atch
l. System Requj.rement
2. "Sample" Form 23
3. Blank Porm 23

Specific Requirements
TANDEM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
1. Container system constructed of Blue Cordura fabric.
2. Harness: constructed of blue type VII webbing (type VII
webbing is desired but not mandatory). Adjustable nain Iift
web and diagonal back straPs.
3. Single point canopy release system.
4. Reserve system must accolNnodate a Para-Flite Safety Star
reserve canopy.
5. Reserve ripcord handle, metal, with double swedge ball.
6, Ripcord release system or hand deploy system (not pull out),
both will be evaluated on functional merits.
1. Main, Ram-Air canopy, blue canopy with white stabilizer panels
(APA pattern). The canopy should be capable of consistent standup
landing by a 180 pound jumper in low wind conditions at 5500
feet MsL, drop zone elevation.
General Requirements
I. Evaluation systems should be complete and ready to jump (include
main and reserve packing instructions).
2. If only a Ram-Air main canopy is sent for evaluation, it
shoufd be equipped with a three-ring riser system to accommodate
our existing harness and container systems.
3. Evaluatj.on systems do not have to meet the color/fabric requirements.
I{owever, the production models must meet aII indicated
specifications and the current FAA TSO requirements (reserve
container, reserve pu1I, etc. ) .
4. The systems submitted for evaluation must reach the USAI'
Acadenry in sufficient time to allow for a 14-day evaluation
period. They must be in place by 23 Feb 82 to meet this requirement.
5. The production models must meet a 45-day in place deJ.ivery
time from the date of order receipt.
Ni)11,.: Ar, lrd.lrr:;t;rltlc irr.rrrr lilt wcb rrrrtl rlt,rllLrtr rl Irlreli slr',rJ)s;rrtr tlcr,itetl , ltrtl
u,,l ll;rnd.rl()l\'. ll:rr lr :;\,:;Lt:rrr rviII lrt cllrlu;rtu.l lol rt's si,,:t' \'('t:;ill I IIlv
.ilr wcll rr:; il's lilrr. li()n;rl (lriu.r([(:r'l:ili(s.

uxtt:,o tlatft alR Fotct acaDltY
colo aaoo
t)(,tlc! AoRh:LyfNTloRDl-MotStkAtl()x LvAluAtlf)N()NTESIINcoFEQUIPIENTORTAtf,RI I-
1,,'qto6.-drtrtu.ol .nr.nr.l?ulqLq,6arorh.r.".l lordihor{raron 6gluJt!'n{rt..lr4brlh.Un'IJSl.l..Arrfu(e A.tdun'}lhrlollurr.tlnlrct
,-! t- !d.ilrtud.d .aEd tu u) th. x'drv,uu.l o' Ir.r.ubhrttrq.eh ur(1..
l,(t tcY
I ftr. bFn,..nr gril d!rutr,< no '.rFn5rurlrtt
ld, l,.b,lrtl lo ruhil,'r.,! lor d4dr'j. ro, d.srruc(,on oi, ot lorr oI ril'.1.. rhrch rt..!!6rlr.J; ior.v.t, US^F
A(d !r FDM.I .'ll cr.rr'u. d!E (r,. ![.n M.dlrn( rnd l.slrni raJ n.l.rrrl
2 n. .cb'rt.r y'll ,^'vd. rh. q !il.J nunb.. ul Ftun.El lo q.rtl< .q{rp" .nl nrcJ rn d.illrnslrstron. or t.st.
I Tlc Corcm-cnr -rll .,s"n,. rc r.+onilb'l!tr lo, L.brlr'y lo ruhlil.6 llr d.nr8d,,r Inlu... du. to n.alri.E. or olh.rrr.. !1"(h i'.
'B!,d
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d rayiar d{nna d.,8,-u.lron d ldt d .urh .dr.l.5
-bdI..:'.frpl-rrs
-hdh.r o. nol Atr Forc. F'orn.l rr. P.drclP.lrnl
a 1). .uukrr'., L,6rr,,^.r,on. ,nst.ll.t,on..d d-qn.'.r'on of.f,rcl.. rubo,rLal b th. (iov.rmd lor.vdu.tron o, t.!trnr .rll bG ..coht,lrrhd r,lho!r .o.t
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b k+rd. u.Eil.r rh. ..sulr. ol .r!u.rrun ot rclr trll h lern':h.d r. .urrnrtlir upa rcq!.st So(h GF'd. .h.ll oor bG canttru.d.. A producl rdo'..odt by
tb. e!v-6.ar dr .Mll th.t h. urd In r'\,,Ic," In p.d lo, rdv.rlr.rnt P!ryus.c
? T}. rc+ur d .('cl.r tlr &6,.strrtro. .vduu6 u r..Lrnt rr dil to b. coorl'ucd In .nt t.y .. r^.cc.pr&c6 o' ofl.t to..ccfl .uLh .tucl.r lo.
or.ull.rcd
by
I ll'.r.d.ollirrF,lrtAaF.r.nl.bll.y!lttolh.ct!rlni'^ldn.l.rr.llrrldh.ld
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,, 1,,(.r'on ril d.l. ul 6onrltrl','h or l..l
tl:j,\l A\Jduny l\il'l
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!pprG.^r.ry d'"i,,'od I'c-r't J r nrtl& !9 Jqq| cqt! ipr!cJr !'$ u.sq i!!rd -9vit-LuaLrell
.r ! !hc LJSAI' AqjrdcmY.
( :,u I I -cx1> Ilrtrir lut y )
I
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CERTIfI( ATL
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dtrr thd I br td rho policl ol h Ututd St.t..
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@,
Para Publishins
T.'O R IM MT.]I,)IA1'U I'I]LEASE
i
PARACIIU'TE BIGGING COUNSE UPDATED
Dan Poynterrs Parachute ltigging Course has been expanded to 65 puges
while being updated with new lesson materials and hundreds of new questions.
With salcs nearing 1,000 courses each year, virtuAlly everyone who passes the
test has used it.
Ttre sixteen lesson workbook provides a sterby-step prograrn for obtaining
the senior rigging certificate. Recent changeg to FAR part 65 make a lrorne
study rigging course possible. Now an applicant rnay do 90% of the (book) work at
horne. Much Iess time with a rnaster rigger is required once the applicant has
rnastered the basics- The course has become an absolute necessity for anyone
applying for the certificate because while the FAA made the study/work requirernerrts
easier, they strengthened the written, oral and practical exarns.
Euclr Iesson presents a reading assignment, reading rnateriuls, sarnple
questiorls and detailed, referenced answers. Lessons are keyed to paragraphs in
Thc Paraehute Manual so your custorners will require both publications.
Discounts to dealers on ilris $1l.gb course and all of poytrter's other books
begin at 4096. Books, photographs for catalogue work and descriptive Iiterature
are available from Dan Poynter at para publishing, p.o. Box 4232-206, Santa
Barbara, CA 93103-0232. Telephone: (80b) 968-7277
-3 0-
fmi: Para Publishing (80S) 968-?2??

october 29, 1981
To Whqn ft May Concern:
It has come to our attention by the manufacturer of the
FXC Model 12000 that when the FXc l2O0O ls installed in
a piggyback system, harnes.s flering/elongation is being
erperienced which can cause the hose to stretch and to
possibly cause a premature actuation when above the
altltude aetcing.
Please read the attached letter from the manufacturer
very carefully and completely. If you find that you
or your customer is erperiencing this situation, please
comply with the enclosed instructions regarding the modification.
ff you have any questions, please contact our office or
the manufacturer directly.
Very tnrly yours,
WESTGAARD PARACHUTE
DJw/Lz.
Enc.

Corporallon
3410 South Susan Street
Santa Ana. California 92704
(714) 5s6-7400
Twx910-s95-2801 Model 12000 Installation on Piggyback Harness & container
Systems Notification Bulletin
As parachuting/free-fall techniques and equipment have grown trl
sophistication, a situation has been identified and brought to the
attention of FXC Corporation.
The hodel l20OO, when originally mounted on chest-type reserves' did
nor experience any altitude or Premature actuations. But when installed
in a pigqyback system, harness flexing/elongation is being experienced
which can cause the hose to stretch arrd to possib'ly cause a premature
actuation when above the altitude setting. To ensure that this problem
does nor occur, the hose must be allowed to move freely. The use of
loops to secure the hose to the harness is recorunended rather than excessive
tacking:
If your harness/opener could posslbly experience a stretch sltuation, a
new hose assembly ls strongly recommended, which is 2 inches longer.
This must be accomplished at FXC Corporation for a cost of $35.00 which
includes rhe normal calibration testing ($25.00) plus the new hose assembly,
510.00. Please mail prepaid and the opener will be returned
f reight col'l ect.
For international customers,send air parcel post only and do not claim
the value above 5250.00 U.S.,for custom duties purposes. Othervise any
additional cos^us for customers will be added to the repair charges.
FXC wishes to thank the jumpers around the world who were he'lpful in
testing this situation and proving this potential problem.
Please direct any correspondence regarding this mccification, if required,
or any other features of rhe FXC t'todel 12000 to:
FXC Corporat i on
3410 S. Susan Street
Santa Ana, CA 9?704-5997
Attention: Product Support

January 14, 1982
Hamilton & Hill, P.C.
Attorneys at Law
Pracricc l-imrrcd to Aviarior Law
Suirc 91 50
Sraplcton Plaza Officc Burlding
J3)3 Qucbcc Strcct
Dcnvcr, Colorrdo 80207
(l0l) l2 | -222t
J SCOTT HAMILTON
RICHARD H. HILL
DI"ANE MURLEY
F THEODORE HUNTER
OF COUNSEL
Don Beck
D J Associates, Inc.
2509 Riviera CircIe
Fort Smith, Arkansas 72903
Dear Dons
This is to introduce the newest rnember of our firm, Bill
White.
Bill White comes to us from Piper Aircraft Corp., where he
was their products liability counsel. BiII is a commercial
pilot with nulti-engj.ne and instrument ratingsr a graduate
of the U.S. Air Force Academy, and former Air Force fighter
jock (Distinguished Flying Cross and other citations in Viet
Nam). He hasnrt nrade his first jump, yet, but we intend to
remedy that as soon as it hrarms up a little, here.
Just branted to let you know about our expanding capabiJ-ity
in products liability defense with eill.s joining the firn.
Best wishes for a happy and prosperous neb, year. If business
or pleasure brings you through Denver, give me a call.
Werre right across the street from Stapleton InternationaL
Airport, now.
Best personal regards,
HA},IILTON E HILL, P. C.
J. Scott Hamilton
JSH: dlc

806 r-lFtEtNTH SIHEET, N W., SUTIE 4a4 . WASHTNGTON. D.C. 20fi)5 . (2O2',U7-5773 . Teex NATAERO 64149
Febnrlary L7, 1982
Mr'. Ilon Beck
DJ Associates, Inc.
25OO Riven.r Cincle
Font Stnith, Ankansas 72903
DEdr Don:
Enclosed is a self-e>planatory memonandum fnom Lanry Bagley
to the USPA Boarrl of Dinectons, whieh straightens out th-e un:
fo!'tunate probLem concenning fatality neports.
. Also enclosed aue properly prepared fatality neponts which
9!
yours to publish as
rreditedrr
soon.rs you r,ant. These have been
to eliminate all the rnatenial which is confidentiar,
- -This-nas a sirnple nisunderstanding/misiaterpretation of
Board policy, which unfortunately got ilown out of propontion.
Letrs hope it doesnrt happen .g.in.
ollrs,
v'lH0,/dP
Enclosures
Hirrtidh H- pttrey
Executive Dinecton

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t.h, lt.a^ ra(e ,'-1 1.14/

499 T.nrh 5t
L5E 1$
REIDI-IOTI
Flite Suit,
P.0. Box 54, Pope Valley, CA. 94567
oerc 4/12 p 82
suBJEcT Letter received by the Skydiver's Information Service
In the March issue of Parachutist. we ran an insert card entitled the
Skydiver's Infonnation Service and we received this letter from a riqoer.
He have no pertinent infornration_to_El_q__!]_q--q_C_t ![ouqht that you Iniqht
be able to help hirn. Therefore. I have fonrrarded his letter onto vou.
Thank you for your helD in this matler.
eEoiFoFM! {Sa52
nY PAX l9 StTS) .Pd
f-l
"o
.,o*.o ll).-'vL{S C c^"\alt
REpr-y NEcEssARy E REpr.y REduEsTED. usE REVERsE srDE

U'S. PARACHUTE CLUBS AND CENTERS
Drop tones rre lcotcd ln o( ne d rhc lollowing clties ud towns Fq more infotMtion and the erat lcation' look
rndcr"parachules-lnlheYellowPagesofthcapplicablctclephoncdtrccruyand/cvlsit$crrrponint\cl6atron
lr\(ed Crouprngs ue by ZIP Codc
6@92 Wcllsvrllc, KS
40004 Bddeown. KY 664.12 Ft Rilcy. KS
l-nrred Slrres Puachutc Assoctatron {0507 kxrngton. KY 6?50l Hutchinson. KS
Itl)6 l5rh Srreet Nw #'l{J-P {1071 Mutrry. KY 68061 Tckamah. NE
*J\hrnpron DC 10005 :ll8l wesl Pornl. vA i2lll Fl Clrpbcll. KY 6E531 Lrncoln. NE
l-'l'll'l Sulfolk' VA 'H4?J Obcrlin. OH 68&r? Kcmcy \E
(J l,lfl Orange, !1,{ ll5l I Lrtrlc Creek. VA 44080 Pukm. OH
0llt6 Turne6 Falls MA l{08.1 Dublrn, VA 442-ll Cmssvrllc, OH 7OtJ3 Covington LA
0ttrl Fr Dclen\ tlA 25701 Huntrngton. WV .r.|460 Salcm. OH ?1J59 Fl Polk, LA
0l.r.l7 Pcpxrell. lll 27298 Libeny' NC J4tl7 Grecn*'rch. OH 7201{ Cdlrslc, AR
r)l()'r8 \lan:freld llA J?549 Loursburg, NC .15068 Wayncsrrllc, OH ?1044 Curhric. OK
q:]?5 E Taunron. MA ltttO7 llidland. NC .15122 Gch.n. OH 71069 Nman. OK
0-r0ll Brooklinc. NH J8-t07 Ft Bragg. NC -15185 Xcnir. OH 1.0?0 Skiarook. oK
OtJ6l \lrllinsket. ME t8.165 Mr Olivc. NC {6158 Mocvrllc. lN 7$at Tahlequah. OK
116019 Ellrngron CT 183?6 Racford. NC -16?31 Crargsvrllc. lN l{501 McAlcsrer. OK
060?0 srmsbury, CT 28{56 RicSlew@d. NC -17 166 Ramsy. IN i5069 McKrnncy T\
(Xrl-18 Coventry. CT 1907E Lugoff, SC {7610 Chandlcr. lN ?50?? hinceron. Tx
0?701 Fr Monmourh. NJ 19461 Moncks Corncr, SC 4?978 Renslet, IN '15159 Scagorrllc, TX
()rUlE Lumbenon. NJ 19612 Clcmson, SC -16{61 Otisvillc. Vl 76109 Wichita Falls. T\
r)E70t Lrke*ood. NJ ?9E12 Bmwcll. SC 48Ell Chdlonc. Vl 7?E{0 Coilcg. SraUon. T\
49O6E Mmhdl. Ml 765{ Fr Hood. TX
t09q6 wcsr Poinr ),lY l0t6l Rome. cA {92E6 Tccums'h- vl 77006 Hoston' TX
85ldl Parkcr, AZ
85161 Yum. M
656-15 SEra Vrsta AZ
11612? Crmp Verde. M
87 103 Albuqucrque, l'lM
87108 {lbuqucrque. \M
llii002 \\hirc Sands. \M
B9O-10 N Las Vegas, r-\
8901O Ovenon. NV
9:010 oray. CA
921-'10 Elsanoc. CA
91170 Penis. CA
This I isf excerPted from
PARACHUTING, The Skydive?s I Handbook
91268 Tafr. CA 96186 Schoficld 8mls. Hl
9l5ol Califo.nia Ciry. CA 97378 Shcndan, OR
91523 Edwads AFB. CA 9?.1O5 Eugcnc. OR
919.4t Fon Ord. CA 97501 \te'lford. OR
94509 Anri6h. CA 980!7 lssquai. Wl
94515 Travrs AFB. C{ 98191 Snohomsh. WA
gt550 Lrrermore. C {
98.1-ll Ft Lc* is wA
98591 Toledo wA
9156? Pop. Vrlley. CA
989

lll
Equlpnrnt ot [)ac-.ad
Manutaclurel taln :F:l^.iiE- uoaer(!LltSE Q! C- se,iarnumoer i{-I,lib( !t"\l
Mdin canoPy:
Hern6as:
Mdln conlainet:
Reserve canoqy:
Dare oacked: -/l--Dt-c- :'t - Bv whom tlEL'c16fD iill#""i#T l' I I -
conditlon -tt
(ELLt- L - -
Menufacturer: k!|JffL- -44L
".0"'
E srrral number !C'1 ?
Type ol cen
Condilion:
Manufactur ' Model E" serrat number ] 44 ,l:
-
condition : JXefuLF$T-- ----- -
t"^"t"","r", SfZoxt!--) ioot,t,jA'u tc s€rral number
]TlrfrE'rj
oero osckcd 720 - I O (92 Bv
-
whom'
pilotchute?; t€s +,MA: | - -- . condrtion:
R2sc"rs conttina! Manufacfurer' lntttv*'A -Xd-
-
".n"', 5 " '76 4 t/
condirion; (8, LlEpa- -Ex
-
Aulomeaic ogenor lil worn): Manulecturer: --
Modol: -- - - Sorial numbor: -
Csllbraled by whom?: When? whor6?
--
-
Activstod?:
tnsfrumenls Manufaclurer: Model: ' Serial numbcr -- - -
Condition:
Slrlic Llna:
Typ€: (pln, broakcord, direct bag) -
.-
Typs snsp faslener:
--- Poinl of allachmsnt In aircreft
I
Percontl eouiPmenl:.
EquiPmcnl chrck?
. Commenls plaase stete Nny dolails reg8rding tho decaasod s equipmenl that ls rolevant lo lhis roporl
ll6.itrf*/E^r- tL+' lb eYCFLLFL'i Ccr/'rr:riroL', A-loi- r{JFr-r-: ,t-Lri- tt':
I I'/-:' tI SE: \ ior.-,D,'i-r4 L)
Vlll. Dcrcdptloa ol Accldcn?
J?ra^f,t6:Q to4s ATr-Etr,l>Tltr(
A C('(r: -Iro-,1' 4D-4 7-Hl:r€. C:TaEg
\r)T.f L.--:tr+
(s\t*\t(t'-tE1> JZfr*pEp s - r-rc ccr-i7}( - ruAS
7-Hf n&FASFD - H€
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/,c)a -j 7 Albc?:;4E Au.nfF CF Az.77Ztn5,
A-. A(L '-4^^Es - aJ6=A€ cr:.-a -ae Y

u5tA rolM l0.l
il EqulFrot ol D.e..r.d
u.tuc.nqr M.nut.ctur€, fera:f ! I lc
Frirurry 1976
uoa"r Qr-!t'|-t-I I !-9- s€..r numb6' f q!-O-l-S- --
Numbar ol lu'np! on
o.t.e.ctrd 0l-2tl-E? By wnom -Q!Il-Cf-- thr. tytf, c.nopy - . A-. . . .
condilron, altcalleot./ncw--
-
Harnaaa
M.nur.cru,.r It !c Fl lgbt Mo.ter RecGt -- -- - s.flar number - 16ULZ--
ly9.olc.^opy,oleasus 3 rlng
-,----
Condrrron erc"l leotlneE
Uat^ aontanar M.nur.crur.r Iltc fllgh!. - Modcr ilcqf- -- s€'rrrnumbor t6l!A- - -
concrrrron ex.ge! l9n !/nf !!
eatfr. c.nopl M.nur.cru'.r Par.e-Fll!c - Modor 5-!!lf ! - se,,aroumb.r nl S99?
o.r.p.cr.d l2-:a0-9!- --- By whom - -!sf f !611ll (Junp !,has.l.)
pdotchur.?
nasorta conlanu -
te 5 - Condilron e..! cc | | 911t 1n qw
I M.n!r.cru..'r ].l fc F I ig h t Modct: --_8!qql- s..rr nunb.r - q6 | 02 -
condilron ---jllce I lqOllncw-
Auto^.nc.''6altamli u.nulErucr noDC----
-Modct: --!-1iL- s.nrtoumtEr -n{-a--
c.lDrl.dbrwhom? ----nf z ---wh.n?--trh---- tth.r.? nla.
Acllv.t6d?: -_.nl a --- -
umuteourer uoacl ALI LLI s6r.lnumb6': -
-
5iL
nAlrf.- ,---
Condilron g OO q
Slarc lrna Ty9. lp|n bro.lcord. du.ct br(r, nOO. -
Itp€ $ap lasr€nct n/a
Pornl
-
ol allachmanl 16 rrrcrrlt n/-a
Slatrc lns.tar3l rtpo
nl a ' -'
P.t.@.lqu,ph6t: H.ld.rrrpocoopar 600 (hockcE): ---todwo.r f unnlo9 :hOef
€ye prorccrron
-boogle gogglar - ryp€gtov.s bandh-aLL x/rgace llnerr
Egutpfr.nl chEta ya S 6ywhom' lntlrUq!Of. ..--
CommaDla Pl-r alata ant daltrl!,aoardrno lha dacsaaad a aqurgrnant lhrt ra aalryant lo thta,aporl
Thc Recrr hat rtrndard conf lgur.tlon J-rlng rolcrrc rnd retcrve rlpcord
hlndlc locatlons. l{aln deploynent ls by a hand dcployed pl lot 1/
chqtc located in an elastlc pouch on the right (front) le9 5tr.p. Thc
hand deploy is not a modlf lcation. lt ls a f!ctory optlon.
vll I Dcr.agais of Acaidont
There were no ground wltnesses to the Incident as the cold wcatner
had everybody inside. The other thr€c jumpers had vlsual cootact
wi th deceascd unt I | 1000 ' . Nobody observed her from JOOO' to the
qround. 0eceased exit€d the alrcraft fron the I'down the siderr
position. The photographer wcnt ba5e. The other tHo Jumpers occupied
the I'hanglngrrand "doorr,positlons. 0eceased was observed
z-ing from cxlt until approximately 5000, (lhe problem, from this
posltion, that she was working on.) at which tlme shc was stable
and below a two man involvlng the photographer. The two man broke
and the photographer plnned deceased. The formatlon dld not bul ld
beyond the second tHo man. The other two junpers continued to attcmpt
closing untll 1000r, at which tiner they tracked. Thcse two
Junpers ttatcd deceased was out of the iwo man and f lat and srable
at 3000r. fhc photographer also sald that deceased was alert, f lat,
and stable when he tracked from her at lOOOr. 0eceased was found.
at the point of impact, lying face down with both arms ou!streached.
Hcr rcservG was at line streach wlth thc canopy still accordlan
folded. lhe free ba9 and pilot chute were withln a few feet ot thc

vl tl. Oescriptlon of Accldent
nets where the ripcord Pins rode were also observed. The
plasiic in the pllot chute "hatI was badly bent. Further'
the reserve riocord cable was bent and f rayed where it
matched up with the hdrness end of the cable housing. The
harness tacking was also hroken f rom the cable housing.
Thc preponderance of evl,lcnce concludes that deceased did
not pull her reserve ripco(d and the canoPY was deployed
.s a result of the force of inpact. lt ls Incxplicablc
why deceascd both falled to deploy h,r maln or pull her
reserve ripcord. 5he was not an unacconpl tshed Jumper although
she experienced typical progressi,)n related problen:
as a freefall and n|J student. She ',as personable. intelligent,
well likctl , and ottracted friends easlly. She was
not known to use druqs. 0eceascd dld not appcar to l)Jve
suffered any dlsahiling or disorienrlng erit or nV rclated
problems. Unless she experienced an Inpessltrle pull situation
on her rcscrve rlpcord pull {which there ls no
evldence of ), il must bc assumed that she nadc no attempt
to actlvale hcr auxilliary porachutc, trlually. lt can bc
presumcd that shc made some attempt to deploy her main,
An Inspection of the hand deploy pouch, at the scene, revealed
no unusual extraction forces nccessary to puli the
pllot chute. Although spcculatlvc hecausc oi the lacf of
wl!nesse3 ond thc vlolent rclrrangement of the rl9 upon
lmpact, orre or nrore of tlre fol lowlng contidcrotlon5 may havc
accountcd for her failure to deploy her meln pllot chutc
(Hithout any order of prefcrcnce):
l) She nay have fallcJ to locato thc orange handle
through Inoplne rr, lho pllot clrul€ moY hrvo haan
. p.rtl6lly dcployed on etlt, potltlonlng tho h.ndl6
out of sl9ht.
2', She moy have inadvertaritly pulled on the running
end of a harncss strap thinking lt was hcr pilot
chute. Two are available, a leg strap.nd a back
strap. The same nistale could have been nade wlth
the leg strap buckle pad,
l) Slre rnay have p.rrtiolly deployer.J rle pllot chute
and mistakenly thought she had completely ,,thrown
it out".
tt )
She may lrave su f f ered a hard/ imposs ib le pu | | of
the pilot clrute f rorn the pouch.
0f courser none ol these plausibilities accoun! for deceased
f ailure to resort to hcr reserve. Suggestions that she
lost conciousncss, fell to impact walting for her plcture
to be takenr or violently pulleJ the pllot chute pouch fron
her rig attempring deployment, while possible, do not parallel
known inf ormation about deceascd or her equlpment. For
whatever reason, dcceased probably experlenced a main deployment
problem and neithcr overcame it or used her reserve
prlor to inpact..
Becommendalions
The nature of the accident precludes cut dnd arl.a ,otrll-o.s. Deceased
received good training and supervlsion, and Jumped state_of_
the-art equipment. Perhaps a gredter astuteness on the Dart of experienced
junpers serving as her example may l)ave better prepared
declased in deallng wlth hcr emergency. tocal Inf luences In tne
form of safety of f icers, instructors, owners and operators, and club
mcmhers are strivlnq to arrive at a better sharlng of method and
oplnlon that wlll inprovc collective attltudc, dlrectionr and atmosphere.
hopcfully, thls collective sharlng of thought wlll betrer
prCptrc futurc Jumper,s preparedners for cncrgency. in partlcular,
instructors intend to up3rade nttention to prof iciency and
proqression. the USPA should contlnue to endorse the use
of automatic opening devices and pronote educatlonal programs
in all pi:ases of jumping directed toiard all levels
of skyd i ver5.

u!'A forM :I-l
il' ffffi"ffi--inoNaer
ClBCLd
bru.ry le70
'l rrod..,rtt\f-lrtsrrr.!nD.. 59, ?9 s
I l,dta, C llmpr 0o _
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HuNta
Uatn c@latnar
I
p,e r -
Fatwa canogl
o.t.p.ctcd -9..!t-3t '-3ywhoo. Do!? .{"DtroL !-?l!8-t!!2
p11q166qu(ltsLt trr5Ae - v condtrron:ACtIt lf-
--
h..fl.c@tahz Manutr6sar n,"

&*d^
U"'^F;
noccinmcndardn.i,'[:l'iln.',,. .
'
'"''
r .r.,. SE\ t!Ff, ).
oop$^lilro^b19Jr.iekqn to
thirdrtura? -
'^-ll'r )*r.-- -'-
.^,;l-l-
'' '| | '
_-, _ ,:.-t( r,..i rr I
"$-}h fr.. d.*tnrLio'i,.,tt opr, uspr or me oo to
: --:-- ,-r,\.Ts.rcy'Troccdu.er-rtlKc sr"t;.ro$i.,'co1u'r".\ivg fe.3v lvrthotouglll
\lrvcJ r.r

USP{FORM 30-I February 1976
lll
Equlpmcnt of Deccased
Main canopy: Manulacturor: _PtoICpf
Harness:
Main con?ainet:
Reserve canopy
-
Mooet -PC
lIk-L.-- seriat number ,-7-1072O-
Cent"--'r
r0
-
Daro packed -5-sspt-gr - ay wr,om s-tar-! - ii,1ffi:""tJil?::l
condition: _[xceIlcq!
Manufactursr: -Eq!-qv-AllalJ€-- Modat: !:l?-- ---- senat number uot -ava-iL;r}.rlc.
Type ol canopy relsases:
Condition: i=o-o-d -R:l----
Manulactufer: Not -aUaiJab-La- Modet: _3-'12 ---- Seriat number: .iioL .w.aiLairls
condition: Good
- -
Manutacturer: 4Lt-s==.--.--_- Modet: 2Lt Cbest seriat number:50525.
oaroplcked: rt Ju\y ur Bywhom:u-:--!gl!r-Isl-105QlB)]y-I['l'
Pilolchutc?: Conditlon: Good -l.A:I
-----
Modrl: 2Lr CheEL_ Scriat number: lL)L avai'lrl.l a_
Resen. contalner.. Msnutacturar. I'tills
conditlon: Oood
Aulome?ic op€ner (il wom): Manutaclurer:
Model:
Serial numbsr: ---- ----
Calibrated bv whom? -
Wh6n?
-- ---- Where? -
Actlveled?
-
tnslrumenlt. Manulacture.: - JgE- Modet: --- -l-l!-IL
Seriat number nQnq
@ndition: -----)lqYr --
Stalic Lln.:
Type: (pin. brcakcord, direcl bag)
Type snap laltancr:
-- --- - - -- Poinl ot atlachmenl in rircralt:
Statlc line sssisl typ€: -----
:
-,- -
-- -- ,- - -
Pcrconet equipment: Helmet type:-JoJqr.c-y9-Ie---.--- - Footwear jjl-ilrry
Ey6 protection: l.Lo.4e------ Typ€ gtoves:-- -
- - -
Equipmentchek? .Ie$--
Bywhom? Rqtr-J9letlan*-uslA JLj.5:J f l
Commcnas. Please state any dsteils roga?dlnO tho deceasod's aquipm€nt thal is relflanl lo lhis report
The deceased made no observable att,ernpt to act.ivate his main p:rrat:hut,e.
State police on th6 scene pulled the nain ripcord and reporbed it to be
not difflcult. Thc reserve rJ-pcord rvas in the deceasedt s handr but h:id not
'.c1eared the rlpcord pocltet. Hoyyever, the reserve parachute was outs'Lretched
frorn the body suggesting that resenro deployrnent had just bog,rrn at the tj-ne
..ol.Lnpact.
li Dcrcriprion of Accidcnt
The deceasedrs Julnpmaster reported hi-n to bc calm during tire ride to
altitude and as giving no externaL signs of arixiety. He erited the aircraft
promptly and on queue and feII stab.le for about fi-ve seconds after which he
began a, clockrise spin ard rernalned in a spin until impact. Ob:;ervers orr
the ground watched the spin until the deceased fe]I below the treeline
on the horizon.
xt.
Recommandallons
What prcvontive measures could have b€?n lakan lo hav6 prevented lhis accidontt What can the local peopls, USPA or FAA do lo
provenl tuturo incidents ol lhis nature?
As fnstructors, rve tend to spend rnore t'i,ne wlth those individuals w!'ro
are having stabllity problems than with those who are noti IVe ernphasise
stabi.IltS' on pull almost to the poirrt where it sounds like an unbreakabl-e lan.
Students should be able to rnake mistakes and srrrvive. In this sitrration,
the l:'ck of an automatic opening device dld not contribute to f)on Ragsrlaler s
death, but iJ srtch a devi-ce had been rr,:-rl *hie rn,'inonr 1;1i1r111 have lt,len
prevented.

tl
Bqulpmcnt ol llccocrod
Main cdnopy: Mrnutecturor: -Paraf 1ighL y666; St rn InSf.a rsertrl numbcr
Number ol iumps on
oetc packod: t1- !ct r- 81---- - By whom: q{4-e-r
Condition: ;{ooU
- this type canopv; IIn k
Harness:
Manutecturer: Jemf' She cL Modet: SST Soriat number:
Type
-
-
of csnopy relmsee: Tatr.s
Condition: gOOd
Manutacturor:
Model:
Serial number:
-
Manulacturer: N / A -- Mod€l:
Sorial numb€r:
Bvwhom: - -
Condilion. -.- .-
--
Model:
S6rlal numbar: --.
-
--
Automdtic openat (il worn): Mrnutacturer:
Model:
Srial numb.r:
Cellbratcd by whom?
Wh6n?
Whtrri
Mdin conlainet:
Condrllon:
Reserua caoopy
Dste packod:
Pllotchuio?:
ReseNeconlaind.; Msnutacluret
lnstrumenls
Slatic Line:
Actlvat€d?:
Msnutacturor:
Modsl:
S€rial numbar: -----
Conditlon:
----------
-
Type: (pin. breakcord. diract bag) ---- -,-
Typs snap t8slsnor: , ,- - Polnt ol atlachment In aircralt:
- -- - --- - -
Static line essist lyp€:
Personrl aquipmenl Hermcr type: HockeY-he-1-E-gt
Eye protoction -- Typo glov6s: HondFa l l
Equlpment chek?
By Whom?
Commenls Please state any doteils rggarding the deceased's equipment lhat is rslwant to this report.
Footweer:
-Iertn|r-s-hop "
Equipnrent uas not a factor ln this accident.
. Dcrcrlption of Accid.nt
The deeeased and three Jurnpers conduet€d 4-uay relative uork.
The formatlon separated hlgher than planned. T'ro iumpers tracked
away without ineident. Redick' the deceased' and another Jumper'
Wilson colfided ae their canopies deployed. W1leon states the
irlpact force was very slight and other than line burns on the neek
Wilson was uninjuried. Wilson and Redlck uere in a face to face
position after the collision, llilson immedlotely released the nraln
eanopy but was held in the same Posltion' aPParently hooked on
sonre part of Redtckrs harnees. At that tlrne, Wl1son observed
Rerllck Has unconsclous and attenrpted to control Redlckts canopy.
The attenpt was not suce6saful and at ?00-800 feet Wllson deployed
her reserve parachute. l,lilaon made an uneventful Iandlng and
Rediek landed with the fully inl'1ated maln canopy. Redlck suff€red
additional inJuries as L result of the landing, but the fatal inJury
apparently ocourrerl durlng the eo111aIon' and eon81€ted of a
l;ransected traolea and extensive internal bleedtng.
xl
Rrcommcndatlont
Whet or€v€ntive moasuros could hav, baen taken lo h6v6 pr€vonted this eccldont? Whel cin lhc loctl p€opb, USPA or FAA do to
oravent lulur6 incidents of thi! nelur6?
The only prev6ntive rDcasurcs are eontinued €fforts to educate
jur:rpers to the hazards lnvolved 1n paraehutlng and relatlve work.
Perhaps it is ti.rne to revLew our trainj.ng methode beeause tlLe
jurnpers just do not seem to get the uressage. Thls type aceid€nt
has happened many titrres and vrilI unfortunately continue untiL
we find sone way to nakr: jurnpers ttrir'.k before they jump.

us?"i roRM 30-t
8; Equlprnont of Occolod
Uain canopy: yanutacrurer: Gariano
Harncss:
F.bru.ry 1076
_ Modet Jouet 22$6riat nunber - Unjcnoyn
Numbrr ol lumps on
this fyDocanopy APProx.
oste packod
#UqJ-24---lJil- By whom: .)a r: nn this fyDo canopy
cond'ion Neai nerir
Manutacturer
e Iat
Q€oer {e='l! r_rlr_QE numuet UnimOWn
Type ol can
Condilion:
Main conlainel Manutacturer rl.e Iatlve'r{orrs h,€&r,&
condirion Very Oood ,,.* .,,..^
. Reseruc cenopy. Manutacturer Securl ty ir-.i"r -lEjjlrq!! seriot number 75f7
r our llne
oare packed: Aprll, I 6, t ai I
rtel€ase, J.0.i'{. piror"nur"r. Hot .Dog
Ma r - F*iA7eU on! enlrt : Men uracrurer,tle-Lqlly-e--ilLrkgb
condition: verv Good
Au.omaticopene|(itwofn):Manu|actu137.None'rJornyo6"1ser[|numbeI
Cslibrrlod by whom?: Wh.n? Whor6?
-
Activetod ?:
,nstrumanls
-
Manutacturor: SteVe SnyCer ED6aet. -lll t{nestagtrrist numb€t
Condiiion: Good dorkt nt OrCer 1T
Stalic Linor lyp€:(pin,breakcord.drrectbag) Not ilpI t canle
Type snap laslener:
Poinl of attechmenl in eircratt::-
St6tic line rssisl -
Pcrsonal oguipmtnl: Helmot Footwear: __-EIB-U_C..:1- Pe ?F -
Eya proteclion:
Type glov6a:None
Equipmenl chek? Ye3
Bywhom? Other JunFdr on sane loaC
--
iC
Bn o t- s _
Commenls Plerse slets 8ny dotails rBgarding th6 dscoased's gquipment that is ralwlnl io lhis report
ou the DalD pllot chute, the band grlp ues a valcro plle fuzzball,
ratiter than a plestlc knob. It was held ln posltlon by a 2'r x l"
plece of velcro hook that was se-dn to tbe BatD brtdle cord. lne
raln Dilot chute was located on a nelly band.

tbcse ers Ey epeculatlonel
Descrtptlon of Acoldent
Psrt Vl I I
Joan's problens starteC irlth an lnverteC naln pIlot chute
ln tow. Thls was caused because sjhe peeIeC both the .;elcro
plle fuzzbarr and the naln brldre cord (wrth verero hook) fron
the belly band end squeezed tha fuzzball lnto tn€ hook on the
brtdle. (Stre had several hundred Jumps on a i{cnderhog of thls
saoe conflguratlon.) At an altltude beth.ean 25OO and JOOC feet,
xhen she threw thc matn ptlot chute out, lt Cld not lnflrrtc Bo
there was very rlttro road pracec on the noaln r:cntalaer eroslnq
pIn. (ftte meln contalner remalned closed untlL lmpact.) .Ioan
recognlzed the problen and pulled the rnaln 11.ser relesse hanCle
and threw lt aray, and then pulled the reserve rlpcord handle.
The reserve contalner opened lrnmedtately and the .reserve started
to deploy. lbe reserve pllot chute tnflated and pulied the
reserve canopy out of the reserve contalaer. All of the Ilnes
deployed out of th€ res€rve pack tray. The resorve d1.aper, at
lts proper tlne, dtd separate. At thls tirue, 1.cr arr ur]krtcun
reason, the nornal openlng stopped. Ttre t€:rer!'€ cenopy streanereC
t'or the rest of her faII, for r-rpproxtoato),y I 2 to I b sccondg.
ioan tilrew aliay the rs8erve rlpcord and vlqoursly etartec tc
snsKe th6 reserve rlsors. It dld no good.
Durlng ny lnltlal lnspectton of the equlpment and dr.irtng alL
foIIow up lnspectlone, I could flnd no reasorr for the resoFve to
iall bo lnflate. Iherc w6re no maJor burn or scortch narks on the
naln pllot chute o! Ealn brtCle. There were no el,gns of any
entanglement of the naln and reserve assenblles. There was no
evldence of reserve dlaper fallure or entanglerilent. Ttre dlaper was
open and both rubber bands were tntact. Ihere was no damege to
tne canopy ltseli or to the suspenslon Llnes. fhe four llne release
lanyards were ctlll taoJc€d ln plaoe on the reserv€ rleers.
lhere wag, and stlll ls, aothln{ wrong wlth the re6arve parechute
esecobly but stllI, tt dld not op6n on thle partloulsr JuEp.
I do aot kaow Hhy.
After a SederaI Avletlon Adnlnletratlon lnpaectlon, (I should uee
the rrord'rspeculatlon" lnstcad of "lnsDectlon", I dlC not ece an;l
or thelr wrltt€n reports, but I wes told that they, the -nAA,
b€lleved that th€ streenor of the resrrve was crused by the maln
brldle oord and lnverted plIot chute entangllng wlth the reeerve
asaenbly as lt deployed). I had the rlgger, who packed the reserve
pack It agaln exectly as he had done lt on AprII l5th. I nade u
Jump trylng to slnulate as nearly as poeslble the fatal Juup.
front mount reserve'*as ueeC). (A
rJhen I pulled tbe l{onderhog reeerve
rlpcord, the assenbly started to open and contlnued to work
norually through the entlre sequence. The eanopy opened fully. I
gtlll do not know why lt dld not open for.loan.

- flf . Equlpimt ot t).cr..d
..
)
'rrrtnc.n,rynf:
-
Mrnufrctwcr: ltl--huz-uoaet, (j-n-c/--scrt.thumu.r: .illa ' /4;!- -
Htrn€ta:
lttln conaalnil:
Fctom canopy:
Rcsava conteindr
Saetlc Lha:
ot #i#l z-sL'.----x--y*tt
Nunrbcr ol lu{ops on
lhit typ. crnopy:
By Whomfitrli&lz.
Condftiofr: C:-^
Mrnutfcfurur: Modal:-zxLuk- sarlaa numttar:
Typoof canopyrofarses: '? 4't'vc ()

Equlpmcnt of Dccc.lcd
Maln crnopv Manutactur€f P*-vc"-L --- Moder: ?gcd,tJtw&,/"-r nu-.",
Httnoss
Mein conttinet: Manulactur€r: --l-,-Xl-- - Mode/ --- --- - , Sariat number
condlrlon
- -
Reswe canopy: Manulactu.6r:
Mod€l - -, --- Sarial number: - - -
- -
Deto proked: --4evr'l
By Whom:
--
Pllolchul6?:
Condition:
Res'rvc container- Manutacluret. -.--., - Modsl: - ';eilal numt)sl
Condltion
Automdtrc opsnet (ll wonl. Manullcrurcr:
lns?ruments:
, :ieri6l n urnirBr
Modct
Celibrat€d bv whom?: -rtO-fh+---
-----.1--- --'r'-- When? r\trrre?
Strlic Liner
Typ6: (pin, breokcord, dlrgct bag)
Typo snap tast€ner:
-- - , Porr! ol ailaahrisr,! 11 srre .:11
pe.sonat cqutpm.nt: ;:1:""1';"r:*'"t 'tG; gr r-
Eyo protection
- /lO$t4-
.yce rtto,,es:- /Wl\lK
Equipmena chek? --
- ._ _ By Whom? .
Commenls Pleso strte iny dotsils rggaiding lhe dec€lsod s oqurpment lhtt rs .ii1,vari r, iii;s fe;ii!.i
-
Vll I
Dcrcrlptlon of Accldrnr
5/'',e lnOcle tL ,./
1,1./vL/() Qr'

Il
::"ffi1"*ffi*,,., E- rLL. uo*,fhfuS,W,Hu o.,
Del! Drckcd
Condilion
Manutaclurcl
Typ€ ol cenopy rclctsos
Condlliont
--A
Manulaclurcr: - Modol: Sarlel numbor
Condilion
Reservc cdnopy: Menurecturor: n- {{ ,=,
D8t€p.ck€d: 4'26 51
- - t C i27 -
Piiolchutc?:
-
Fgieac'n''lllg'^ Menul.cturrr' /- -- --
-
Condrtlon: --.-
Automslic openet ltt worn) M8nuloctur",. .-fl / r" A l,-, Model ,. - -.--. , - S€rial numbst
catibratod bv whom?: " \1()-!-': '!- when? -- wh6re? --.--
---
lngltumenls:
arrfir-L.F
AcllvetEd ?
A(snufacru
Condllron'
Type; (oin
fypo e4!D bsi6ncr
- iJ.tt E:'--d-. a"n", nr.*r,
,- Poinl ol allechmonl in aircrall
of Aealdon0
Questior,,ndivi.juels ij( LgrrieL: such as iumpmaster, general observers, pilot, training officer. Write a
narrafiv€ Je:cripr;971 of ihe ;omolatc iump.to include: -what happened, how did it hJppen, why drd it
happen, etc F.-iij des,;, i!iorr of incident based on all facts obtained. include or attach'itatemenis made
by variov5 partre; Obtt:n c:rprrE5 o; safety offrcer's r€ports, sherrff's report, coroner's reporrs, elc, if
evailabie, and dtta

I
Equlpmcnt of Deccascd
Matn caoopy Manuracrurer D- j algq Model legasrrs se.at nunrt:e, 211
Hern€ss
Main containor
Resarve canopy
Dsf e peckod -- J'27 '82 ,,
'
t
condirion -almooq qgw l
Manur.crurer: -$kY SuPP!!9q
Tvie ot csnoov rcteases: 1-rilg
Condiriori
- aliloPt -qeY -
Mrnuta6turer: _ . See.,4boye
Condition -- -
Manufa"turar: 4dr'ranqgd 41f
Dar" D.cked _22 Yarc_h p2_ -
. Nurnbet ot lurls r'n a
8y whom oece;iseqhrs lyp€ carop! i
"*r 1"Ora
TFsBtthu.r",
-f,,foOef
serral numner
""0i, 24 t- con :;er,ar nunrbe, 521. 3
Bv whom FAA rlpiger
Prlotchule?. --J-eS - .^hd'r'^^ ng'ii
Ftsservd corttarner, ru"nurbcr-u,e,-T.!:' 3unel-f 9.< . ;;F"EiPJ'd ."1'ranliff,, nu-o*,
condirion: ___ q lmos_!_new -n-I^
Autometic 6oener 1il rornr, r,,trnrr"qt, ,.i.
.
Calibrated by whdmZ: ".n" when? Where?
. Aclrval€d?:
.tnstrumsnts Manuracrur.r:
-
Sletic Line
So.'oi nu,.t,r,
-M"dFf--t1Ta.it€i *&f, "r-lu.. rm-k
Conoirion: Shd
lype (prn, breekcor
Type snap lSstener: - Poin! of ai,ichmsnt ill r{rcrBll
Slalic lrne asgrst lype: _-- -
Personal eqilt)ntent Hslrnel typ€ - .--- Pf OteC
Eye !r orecrion, - --Kfgop.--,
yeq
A'llldas
'-.oiwear
rvP'i orn'" ' OOrlC
Bywhrrm? {eil',' ttrnl;t't
-!
Equipthent check?
Comments Please stale any dctails regsrdinq the d6csased s €quipment that r5 /,1lF ent tc inrr rolrJ,l
'
1/tl I
Dcrcriplion of Accidcrt
Question individuals concerned such as jumpmaster, genera! :'hs.g-rerl, ir,lel, rra:nrr',g ofircer Wrrte a
narralwe descriptron of the complere jump to irrclude wlial frJ[;i]fne(l hlvr drd rl htppen, why dirJ rt
happen, etc. Full description of incident biseJ on oll far:f-< rf't,:r,r+'! ,r. l!.rie or ;ri.l(h slatemcnts nrade
by \arrous parlres Obtain copres of safety Officer's reporti :ir+ril!''; ref/)rt, ce,r:':er's r€l)orts. etc, rf
. available, and altach lo this report.
Exit and freefall phase of the Junrp were Ttormitt" Af.ter erave-off
the instructor observed Klements groplng for the nuln ,janopy deployment
handle. She fel1 near hlm until appr{.rxtrnat-e1y 1900' AGL
qt whlch tlme che deployed her main canopv and m()m€neer.tly Lort
. vlsual contact wLth Klements. She then saw Klem€nts t mal-n canopy
deploy anC separate from the harnene. She corrtl-nued to observe
him until lmpact. He was unatable through the rest of the freefall,
apparently trylng to find his reserve ripcord.
Two hlghly experl-enced -lurnpers on the grorrnd observetl Klements'
mein canopy begln to deploy between 800 and 1000' AGL. Before the
canopy was fully deployed it separated from the hanness,,
My examlnatlon of the deceased and his equipment showed the reserve
rlpcord handle stt1l lt its pocket. The reserve had opened on
impact. A11 line stows were in place on the reserve diaper.
xr' h-cidriifrnd-tr*" agp,1-o.1n^i-lef-.gbyte or-r .a- won{qrhpgr-^ih1gh.:h;\il^f.+n+;i"., with.
Whst prev€ntive measureg coJld ha(s 6€€n taken lo have pidenled lhis accidenl ) whtl can lho local pcoprc u>HA or t
prevent luluro incidents ol this nalure?
Had an automatic opening dervlce been fittcd to this syst-em, another
fatality mlght have been prevented.
It ls, however, another exanrple of borrowed equlpment confributlng Eo
a fatallty. Adequate famlllqrizatl,on wiEh ne\d or unfamtliar equlpmenE
cannot be stressed too nmch.

CqulFrI||lof Oac-d /
i*i^ rrn*". Mrnur.crur.r ?,1..-g.ou -. uocrt E,
- - , s.ii.r numbr 6 E-E--l I 9..-
--
Auloh4lcopa.|l|'wornl:urnuletu..,No4.'.._.-.Mod'|
Ctlb?.lcd by whofit
AcdYded?
Mfnuhcturcr -- ! ZE l. g|1---
Co.diIon
Slalic !rda Itt lprn b..llcord drrctb!g)
T?F rnap lrd.nor
uod.l
btwaleuqnqt
- ---
EQuQm|nl (.h-l) --
--
Commafrlt pl..t6 etaia rry J.tsrls r.gErdrng thc d.cored'! aquipmnt lit
ir rotdanl tO tht! ngofl.
"E 6-,rc *-t u-,o.r 1 ca4 6r"a- {rj* of -o--t-t a'ar#a-c{,sr
pL F 7, M.+La* oo a 6a-r.i o P /o- (ot{s.
Vlll
Sryairrlo rf AtcH+grc
J,..^d" ere-j o- 4,-n7 re lo"*vQ- tuouk o-t c f o-f*,. Ba,,u\
{+"+\ 7-4tnr F-o-sa e-r- Carapgr a+J o.t.p,C_.(,uo-^L7t-Vjo-).
lijx,-l-,*,o n tpntf e J : Ao-+ ,e- )u^$qt( tur+d r:a-d,{,.o-7.
[l'*p a"Jy[*er.;aria ro-i noFF -l J9..,rg €-a€. ll. @pe^''.7
q_,J: {" J d {ri q.-s ?-;* ee> 4* a-*l -f h4 -fh ,._r ,.4,^ L.', c:o.\cp1,
/e.oIr.J rh nuw^sq-{ 1e* Arr} .}.a, 5- l.,'ee* u,,Pl PC htl4
/tio r..,r y' u,^ r / @ vt-.-lcF f t.ha-9.a 6-.rr( a- I -ffa-,rr.t
"T- be ,-", A.*ci irl- o-5."t
-laa,.1 Ai,e.{t;n to -t--1 t'.*''l
o/ {;.1" }e ,-'Lt -F.ro /o,- 7o cl-ee- 1n,,,2 {u- s,7tx €)ll,
AY i"o" Jt-u1 *+"o*,a*{ bc{o- /*-A,rS JohTa'-fl^r/J +rd
l^e"\ tq16 j\ or:o ,.lloy, lot'c 'Tnk,.ig co-{o.f r-, }h
ur;pat sq vp{} g* lr")7,8o, 7-14nA a--,^1.
C'u.pit5 *€ of{-rc.*t dv) crf$,ct/ r.epo-l nr* .uilr-bt.
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Regresentauvo Tom Hagedorn
Il|.ret+ 2nd
2|:!I' SAYBUR'{ HOB 22>2472
B€fl, Bilb ieen p€Rs s€cn 2344 _. ..1.'. iZltZ
Broul Ls Ann sEcRflaRy 23s
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS ANO STAFF
GoVEHNMENT oPEFArloxs
SIAfF MEMAEBS
Brown, Lester pRoF sraFF Maa g3rla 55427 Hager. Barry coufis€L a37rB *127
Engelmyer, Steven J COUNSET g37I a 55427 Holleman, Edrth A PFOF STAFF MaR 437 I 8 . .. 56127
Gailoway. John Fl SUBC SIAFF Dtfl B37rB 56127 HuMrl, Calhy PROF STAFF MaF 83/18 ... ... 56127
Genoveie, Ann c sEcR€rAFy B37la ..... .. .. 56421 Seytnt. O Ann CLERX a37ra . 56427
SUBCOMMITTEE ON MANPOWER AND HOUSING
8349A RAYBURN HOB
22ffiV5'I
Jack Brooks, Texas
ll.
nn.
pa.
N.Y
Cardass Collins. lll . Chairman
STAFF M€M8EFS
I., Calil
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Grawey, Rrchard Eugene Assoc couNSEL 93494 55751 Smlth, Sharon cLERx g34aa 56751
Luman. Joseoh C STAFF DrR B34gA 56751 Walkel, Eruce O tsfioF si-lrF i*gti !349A 56751
Skrak. Michael Thomas pRoF srAFF MsR 83asA 56751 Whrle, Larq/ PFiof srAi'F Mqp 8348a 56751
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suEcoMMrTTEE ON GOVEFNMENT ACTIVTTTES A
David W Evans, Ind
Ted Weiss, N Y
Peter A Peyser, N Y
Mrke Synar, Okla
8350A RAYBURN HOB
John L Eurlon, Calil , Chairrnan
228-rt20
flobert S. lualher, Pa
Wendelt Bailey, Mo
Haymond Mcctalh, NY
Hal Daub, Neb
Tom Lanlos, Calil Frank Horlon. N {
Jack Brooks, Texas
SIAFf MIMS€RS
Caney, Oavd A pRoF srAFF MBR 83soA 57920 Morton, Cecela T CLERX B35oA 579m
Glencer. Roberta L sEcREraFy B3soA 57920 Romney. Mrles O coUNSEr 83soA 57920
Gray, Wrlltam Oonald pRoF STAFF MaR B35oA 57920 Sellers. Gary I srAFF otR B35OA 57920
Mora. Cyrithta M pRor srAFF MaR a3soA 57920
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SUBCOMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT INFORMATIO}I AI{D INDIV]OUAL FIGHTS
83498 RAYEUBN HO8 22s3741
Glenn Englsh, Okla , Chatrman
Ted Welss, N Y
Henry A Waxman, Calif
Harold Washington, lll
John L Burton, Calil.
Jack Btooks, Texas
Thomas N. Kndness, OEto
John N. Erlenfurn, lll
Wendell Baitey, Mo.
Fnnk HorTon, N.Y.

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RepresentaUvc Td Weiss
N.w York, 2oltl
r32 CAI{LOlr HO8
Barker, Jares Aslon, Jr PaEss Assr r 3?
Chacmas. Staphany ExEc AssT 132
Gonfi€b, Jam6 Fl AoMtN assr 132
HolbnaE. Ardfa 06 uG assl ! 32
Pnsky, Mart Ala LEG assr 132
Shulor. Arl€m LEG assr I 32
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Representatlvs Pot€r A. PeYser
N.w Yo(k, 23rd
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Okbhm,2nd
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Bullard. Wtllam John ADMIN Assr I / r 3
GeartErl. Frank T, J. coMP oPER I 7 l3
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Adams. Patma Ann cas€woRXER (P/r) 916-587-2533
Emtrsn, Liveda Rae sF casEwoRKER 918467-2533
Evans, Carbna F caswoRKER 9164C7-2533
Gtadrey. Peggy Lynn cASEwoRKER 9lE €87-2533
Nobles. Dqrglas RandolPh J sPEc PRO
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r r23 LOaTGWOFTH HOA .
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^'PEOPRIATK'TS
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESEilTATIVES
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Bovels, Ter,y O ST^FF Assr H3o9 . . 53351 O3thaus, John G STAFF assr H3o9 5335t
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SUBCOTXITTEE ON TRANSPORTATIOI{
2358 RAYBURN HO8.. .. 225-2141
Adarn Beniamrn. Jr , lnd , Chairman
Wrlham Lehman, Fla
Marlln Olav Sabo, Minn
Les Aucorn, Oreg
Wffflam H Gray. lll, Pa
PrctWL slsa
Lavrence Coughlin, Pa
Silvio O. Conte, Mass
Jack Edwards, Ala
Carl D. Pursell, Mtch
trdhft crg. Gregdy R syaFF assr 23so A21al Leas, Jsnt mMtN atoE 235E 52la I
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SUBCOfi{MITTEE Oil TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENEBAL GOVERNMENT
Jos€ph P, Addabbo, N,y
Hl64 CAPTTOL ....... 225-5834
Edward R. Roybal, Calll., Chairman
Clarcnce E. Miiler, Onio
Eldon Rudd, Ariz
Danret K Akaka, Hawal
Sfdney_R _Yates, lll Carroil A. Campb€lt, L,
Davrd R Obev, Wrsc
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8 February 1.,;)82
Ui l)arachu'be Asl:ociation
lrilI Cttl ey, Uxecu bive l.)irec tor
rr06 15th jt: rli'j ,#444
'/Jashirrl4torr, I)C 20OO,)
Jeiir 8i 11 ,
ls gt-:r the convel.sarti.'rn betl-een,Ticr:..flcr,gman, iJ.J. V/orth, yoU
3nd me last.vreek, this is authoriza-Eion f.,r your. offic" tol'el-ease
skyctiving. fa tari ty reports to the })a:rachute Equiprnent
./ rldrrstry Associ-ation, ?! we have done i. the 1,;:i:;t. H6wever.,
the reports re.Leasecl will be witirorrt the narnes or addrel;ses
of the originltor:s.
Secause thi s is controd i"IgIy to (lsirA Boarrj of Itlr.ector, r: policy
:rs strr ted in bhc cctoher lqZg rni.rrrrtes, thJ.s irl arr itxccutive
corr:nrit Lee :rc'cion, to be ratifierl by Llre furl boarci at tlie lueetrniI
rtI l"ilshtn,1toIl, l).C., in Anril .
$es L yrg;-56naI legarclS.
LARRJ' ::. IJAGLIY
I')ltUJ I L)Ell'P,
li. S. I,irr:rchu be Ausociation
r;r:- IJI]PA ijoard of lJ.irectors
Al Levinson, Chairman, pEfA

eFF rttz
?ng€s tHlnit 6Y_
SICD ectu6 T.

806FIFTEENTHSTREET,NW,,SUITEa4a. WASHINGTON,D,C.20005 ' (2021347'5773 ' TelexNATAERO64149
February Ll, L982
Mr'. Don Beck
DJ Associates, Inc.
2509 Rivera Cincle
Fort Sndth, Ankansas 72903
Dean Don:
Enclosed is a seLf-explanatory nemorandum fi:on Larry Bagley
to the USPA Boarrl of Directors, which st?aightens out the unfontunate
pnoblen concenning fatality reports.
AIso enclosed ane pnoperly p:repaned fatality neports which
ane yours to pubLish as soon as you want. These have been
rreditedrr to etiminate a].l- ttre material which is confidential.
This was a simple misunderstanding/misinter?r€tation of
Board policy, which unfortunately got blown out of pnopontion.
l,etrs hope it doesnrt happen again.
wHo/dp
EncLosunes
lfitliam H. pttley
Executive binecton

Incorporated
January 8, 1982
Federal AviaCi-on Administracion
Systems Branch
AWS-130, Aircrafc Engineering Division
Office of Airworthiness - File No. TSO-C2lc
800 Independence Avenue, S.W.
Washington, D.C. ?O591
Cenr lemen:
This is iu response to che request. for cornmenEs on the draft TSO-C23c published
in che Federal Reg,isrer on November 16, I981.
(a) ApplicabiliEy.
(l) Ttre cocurnent reIerenct'd as a star]dard should no! be AS 3015 dated
September l, 1916. lt should be AS 80154 a revision and update of che e:rrlier
AS 80I5, and noi yer publishcd.
AS 8015A is abouc to be published by the SAE and it is an up to date imlrrovement
of the original document, The derails of che changes were worked out at several
meeritrgs across Lhc councry between represenEaEives of the parachuce industry,
che FAA and rhe SAi in 1979.
Tlre conmitEce S-17 ciren revised che documen! in response to cornmenrs by borh che
irrdusEry and tlre b'AA, circulated the drafr, revised it ag:rio, circulat.ed it again,
re'viscrl it otre urore tiure lrrtl sun( ttte tlrrlt AS 8Ol5A to the SAI- for publit;rLiott

I
UNITED
STAT E S
PARACHUTE
ASSO C IAT IO N
il00 FIFIEENiH STHEtT, N W , SUtrt 44a . \ryASHtN{)TOt,l D C 20U05 .
Mr. John B. Shermarr, Pre:.;idr:nt
T'he Jump Shaek, Inc.
29706 Grand River Avenue
Fartnirgton Hills, l4ichigan lr8024
? ,E
-
lir.. Atan tevinson
4l-4 Pendleton Way
\?t't?.| '347.'-;,, /3 r I etcx NATAERO 64 149
January 2]-, 1982
Oak1and, Cal-ifonnia 9462f
Mr. El-ek I'uskas, President
Parrr-flite, Inc.
5801 Magnolia Avenue
Pennsauken, New ,Ierl;ey 08109
Hr. Dcn Beck
DJ Associates. Inc.
2509 Rivera Circle
fort Smith, Arkansas 72903
Gentlemerr:
Attacired is a copy Df the letter sent to l,la].ter. S. Luffsey,
A:;soc:iate Administrator for Aviation Standards, setting for-l,h to the
best of my ability the position adopted by PEIA and endorsed L,y {)SPA
as ()ur 'rfirst oFfenser' ,:rgainst FAA p-lans to deregulate,
This letter h.r:; been approved in every detail by La::ry Bagley,
who asks that I advise you a1l promptfy of its contents.
I lrope tlris says it the way you want it said and that the resufts
.tre whaf we are alf lookins for.
HH0/dp
Enc-l-osune
cc: Larry Bagley, President/USPA

ffiffi,E
8()6 FIFTEENTH STREET. N W. SI.jITE 444 . WASHINGION. D () 2u005 . l2O2, tt+tlJf t3 . lrrtex NATALHO 64 t49
Januirry 20, 1982
l{n. Halter S. Luffsey
Associate Adrninistrator" fon Aviation Standards
Feder.rL Aviation Adrniuistratiorr
800 Independence Avenue' S.w.
lJashingEon, D.C, 20531
Dear Mn, Luffsey:
During 1981, in meetings with you and youn staff we discussed .rt soTre
Iength the feasiblity of deregulating, spotrt panachuting.
Si,nre that tirne the United Statee Parachute Associatiorr Board of
Directors has ri€t with the Parachute lquipment lnduslny Association and with
othens concerned abor.rt tiris subject, to develop a response to your request
for iuformat-ion.
Asj we undclstdnJ it, 1'ou do not plan to make any changes to the current
air traffic and aii,si;rce regulations affecting sport parachutlng; with this
decision we corrcur tuIIy,
l'Ie further believe, llowever, that der,egu-lation of sPont Paractruting irr
other areas wogJ-d noi- eenve the besL inLer:ests of the panticipants, the
suppliers to the 6polt paractruting industry, and - most lmportantl-y - the
general pubJ.ic.
The r"egulations which have been developed over the yean.s by the fedenal
government and spont par.achutinq representatives wonking toBether have proven
their worth: the equiprnent rnanufactured and nraintained under FAA regulatii'rns
is universally known as the best in the wor,fd. C.rneful quality contnol-,
adec{uate testing of equipment, nesponsiblc techniques production - alL ane
aided substantially by those procedunes, negulations, and penalties which are
a pdr.t of the body of governnent negulations which the FAA is considening
dismant Iing.
We believethat it is nea:nJ-y inevitabLe that the end of feden.r.L control in
these areas will be foll-owed by iner"eased risk to the pr:blic through lowening
of standards throughout the sport parachuting worl-d.
While undoubtedi-y the ,..ffonts of the currcnt Adrninistnation "to take
Government off youn back'r are valid in many areas, irr tlris ca6e we, the
govenned, do not believc that our best intenests or the interests of the public
wouLd be senved by neJ-axation on elimination of curently existing Feder"aL
r€gu.Lations,

Ilr. lrlaLter 5. Luffsey
January 20, 1982
Page - 1.-
He Look f

T€LEPHONE 202/ 347 -577 3
TELEX: NATAERO 64149
THE UNITED STATES PARACHUTE TFAM
SUITE 444,806 FIFTEENTH STREET, WASHINGTON, D.C. 2OOO5, U.S.A.
-
HEIIOR,A}IDTJU
TO: PEIA and PARACHTITIST AdVertiseTs
FRoM: A1 King, 1982 u.s. Tea.n I€ader
Pebruart/ 22, L982
B.srur. t$a l9g2 Woal6 Parochutlng Chl4rlon.blp. 1r ln Lucan.c, Czcchorlovakia,
rcEt of tbe 1982 U-S. Tean budget wiII be used for travel. As it now stand6,
the U.S. Teae n€Dbers gg1 even have to pay for ttreir own tratning jr:rnps prior
to th€ glorld l,l€€t.
On the ottrer hand" I al-so realize that the current Rsaganonic Eituatlon ie not
conduciv€ to ttle averly generous donations we have recelved frca tlt€ industry
in the past.
Keeping all the above-uelrtioned factors in mind, there ale sotre it€ns that are
very Lmportant to the U"S. Feana that couJ.d act aE an advertising nrediun for the
conpany aupplying then. I'or exanrple, e U.S. Tea[ wamup suit nith "U.S.A."
arcros6 the back could have a manufacturerts or distji-butor's Iogo in the front.
Ot}er such itecs night include; eguipnent bage, fshirta, ahortE and casual
dresa shirts or polo ahrirts.
It 5.s ny hope that tJlis correspondence is not taken tJre urong way. The 1982
U.S. Style a.rxd Accuracy tEaE does not expect anything. Itle U,S, Tea.u Denbers
have worked as hard in their areas of e:

2906 Gr

UNITED
STAT E S
PARACHUTE
ASSO C IAT IO N
806 FIF|EENIH STIIEET, N W, SUITE 444 . WASHINGTON. DC 20005 . (2O2\347-5173 . Telex NATAERO ti4 l4r,
November 5, 19Bl
Mr. Don Lieck, Jecretary, FIJIA
DJ AssociaEes, Inc.
2509 Rivera Circl,e
t'ort Slnith, Arkarrsas '12903
Dear Don:
Pnior to tite votes in tirc House and the Senate concerning the
proposed avgas hikr: r.+rported by the Reagan Adnrinistration (up to
36f per gdlloo by 1985 ) , I wr"ote tlrree l-etters on beha]-f of USPA and
took tlre Iil>r'nty of sayinp, that I was speaking fon rrthe elnployers and
enlploy eeJ of our piirr . jh ut,-. nranuf act uring industnyrr .
Miether these hiker; will- be approved on not, I donrt know at this
tinre, but undoubtedlv an j.ncrease of $30 per hour in the cost of
operating a DC-3 wou.ld result sooner or later in increased jump costs
and further dowrrwarC tressur'e on parachuting os a sport, Tn all- three
.letters I used the closing paragraptr that rrto hit general aviation
harder in the pocketbook would crippfe or el-iminate many aviation
business and jobs.rl
I hope you agree wittr this position and frve encl-osed copies of
all three letters, strculd you wislr to distnibute then through the
Newsletter or otherwise. Every l-itt-le bit helps!
na]- regards ,
llH0/dp
Incl,osures
0ttley
Dinector

8m FIFTEENTH STREET, N,W, SUITE 444 . WASHINGTON, D,C,20005 . l2O2)347.5173. Ielcx NAIAFHC) ,414
Octoben 30, 198I
The Hononabl-e Dan Rostenkorski
Room 2l-Ll-
Rayburn House Office Brrilding
Washington, D,C. 20515
Dea!. Congr.essman Rostenkowski :,
The United States Panachute Associati.on, speak:'-ng for" oun L7,000
members in al-l- 50 states, our 200 affiliated drop zone and airport
operators, and the employer:s and ernp)-oyees of the parachute nranufacturing
industry, does not beliove that justification exists for
the inorease of 12 cents per gallon on general av-iation gasoJ-ine, as
pnoposed in your bilL, HR 4800, for thege reasons:
- The cost of openating a DC-3 (the nost Popular aircr:aft at
many skydiving centens) would increase by $36.00 per hour', which in
many instances would be trthe straw that bnoke bhe camelrs backrt for
financially hald pressed operatons.
- There alneady exists a $3.7 bill-ion uncornmitted sunp)-us in
the Aviation Trust Fund - why tax aviation funthen Hhen the Covernnent
canrt spend thq money it alneady has?
- AII- indicati()ns point to the beginning of a new necession cycle
ju.st as this bill comes before youl Comnittee fon action.
- The Reagan Adrninistration has repeatedly postr,ured itself in
favor of reduced taxes to stimuLate the economy, yet in this specific
instance it pnoposes a threefold increase over the present tax rate.
- This threefold increase over the present 4t level would impose
severe bundens on tl're entire general aviation indr.rstry, particuLarly
the rtlower end" whicb includes most skydiving operations.

The Honorable Dan Rosterkowski
October 30, I98l
Page -2-
A.s I discussed with your aide, Ms. She:rny ,fennings, the United
States Parac.hute Association strongly urges you to accePt the
compromise offered by Congressrnan Williarn Frenzel. He nealize that
the Reagan Adninistnationrs ekecutive branch has pnoposed gasoline
taxes up to 364 per gaflon and that it is rnost unlikely that your
Conmittee can leave the tax at its curreltt 4f level l'ln. Frenzelrs
amendrnent, to [mit the incnease to 4-l/24 per gallonr seelDs to us
a neasonable compnomise.
Despite public perception to the corrtrary, genenal aviation is
not arrplaything of- the rich", but r"ather the only livelih

UNITED
STAT E S
PARACHUTE
ASSO C IAT IO N
806 I-IFTEENTH STREET, N W SUITE 444 . WASHINGTON, DC 2OOO5 . \2A434/.5773. TUIEX NATAERO IJ4 I{t:
October 30, I98l-
The Hononable Nancy Kassebaum
United States Sonate
Washington, D.C. 205lO ]
t'rrLR
Tlre Honorable Howand W. Cannon
United States Senate
I'lashir)gton, D.C. 205I0
( a T*
", ,, a,f a
Dear Senaton Cannon:
The l.lnited States Panachute Association - spt-,aki.ng fon our, 17,000
rilerril)ct's in alr 50 states, our 200 af fil-ia t,ed dr'op zc,ne an

Senator Howard ll. Cannon
October 30' l98I
Page -2-
tnspite pubJ.ic Perception to the contraryr general aviation is
not a|tplaything of the richrr, but rather the only livelihood for
hundreds of thousands of people all across our countrylfe
join with other segments of the general aviation industry in
supponting your efforts and those of Senator Kassebaunr (as weII as
sirnilar efforts contained in the Fnenzel anendnent wbich is pnoposed
to the llouse l{ays and Metlrs Comnittee)'
To hit genenal aviation hard'er in the pocketbook nould ctripPle
or ellminate nany aviation-businesses and iobs. t{e thank you for
your sponsonship of S-L272 and stand ready to assist you and your staff
in every way possible to ensure its passage.
Very tnuly yours,
uHo/dp
wil\ldn HY Ottley
E:recutive Director

February, L982
Dear Supplier,
We are pleased to announce the oPenlng of our nev sEore and
offiee loeated at:
3167 1 So. Coast IlLry.
Souttr Laguira, CA 92677
Our new phone number ts 714 499-4588.
our shourroom has doubled In siz.e and we will be able to have your
merehandise displayed and more accessible to our eustomers. If
you have any promotional bulletins of new items, updaled data or
plctures, news ttems, etc. of your equignent that you would like
us to have "handy" for our customers, please son(l tiie'n to us.
The stock room has also increase

tEr,(tRAlrDuu
ItO:
FR0lt:
RE:
PEIA UeEbgrg arrd PAR,ACHUTIST Advertisorr
AI Klng
Eooth Space at 1982 Natlonalc
DATE: April lal, 1982
Iadler and Gentlenen:
Dieplay apace wlll agaln b€ offered durlng the Nattonql Cha4pionshlpa. ftrie
I0' x 10' display apacE ls offered durlng the Boogie portion (JuIy 1-5) in
I'lu6kog€e. Due to ttre facilitleg available, the dieplay area wiII be under
one large tent. S€curity, alectrlclty, tables antl chalrs will b€ provlded.
Pre-planning ls necessary if you are golng to take advantage of this great
prmtional opportunity. Please reserve your slot now. Ttre 4lsplays will
be where all. the action is, for ea,sy access. ChoJ'qe of alots uill b€ on a
firet core, firgt served baeis.
Thla yoarrr coat wlll b€ ch€ fq4a as_lg@_g:
$250 lor non-PEIA llenb€r€-
92OO for PEIA t'laDb€rs, and
1o reaelv€ your d,ieplay 6pace, please fIIl In ttre Lnformatlon outlined below
;Lncl return It co USPA B€adquartera along wltfi your non-refundable $5C,OO
deposit. Naturally, your $5O.0O depoalt wtl]. b€ applied to ttre total cost
. of your dleplay apac€.
I look fonard to receivLng your r€senration soon.
Wa.rmlt regards,
/\
\.:.r_\i
Al Klng
Deputy Executive Director
EKHIBIT NA!{E
1982 EXHIBITION SPACE
l,tuakogee, Oklah@ra
JuIyl-JuIy5
ADDRESS
Street
city State ZLp
PEOTIE NTJMBER
EXHIBITSPAeSREQUESTED: ()f ()2
TIPE EXIIIBIT:
Ai'1OUI.IT OF DEPOSIT ETICLOSED:

k: o o rr. -\ ot Sr,. ', 1L.
In the Winter t98O issue of Freefall Kiwi(New Zeal'and) John
Mahaffy of Parachutes Australia reported the results of a fatality
survey using USPA fatality reports. fn it' he contended that
I (rt lct i f o

2
on top of itunan error is machine error. Gear is rnade by peoplel
tlrerefore, it has an inherent falifure frequency built right into
each piece. Machinery is not failure-proof and never wiIl be'
Take cutaway systems, for example. When such a system is desiflned,
the design premise must include the fact that operatorl;
will, not take care of the equipment the way they shouldr regardJ-ess
of any attempts to educate them to do so, and that the
gear will fai-1 of its own accord periodically. To date, there i.s
no single- or double-point release system that works 100 percent
of the time, nor is one forr;eeable ln the future. And we al-l
know how we get in a hurry or anotlter dive opportunlty comes along
just on the day we were going to inspect our gear...
Civen these facts:, a release system cannot be based on the
premise that it will work first-tinre, every-time, for that premise
is; invalid.
A single-oper'ati(,n-system is not feasible, therefore, because
it elinj.nates the safety margin neededto deal with bad maintenance
or equipmenL failure" If the pifot chute of the reserve is coming
out of the cont:riner si-x feet after tlre main has feft- or about 0.3
seconds- there is; no time to r^med-v a rel-ease hangup before a pd€-n:
tizrl entanqlemerrt occrrrs.
The basic reason skydivers today cut away from nalfunctioned nain
canopies is that, through actual experiencer w€ discovered reserve
deployments i-nto those canopies frequwntlv resulted in entanglements.
Riser separation must be completed before reserve activation can
take place. ft is f'or this; reason single-operati.on release systems
are inadvisable for use in sport parachuting.
Statistics can back up that contention, too. In writing the

19?8 Fatality Study 1'or Par;rcirutist, I found four of tite deaths
occurred because of difficultie:; with cutaways and resulting entanglenrents.
This coming, of course, witlr systems not having
an S.O.S. Introduce into the jump envirorunent another potentiaf
entanglement Lrroducer and tfrat statistic may very weIl increase.
There are a number of S.O.S.s on the market and one of them
tried to remedy the potential
entanglement problem by making the
system one-handle, two-stage. The jumper first pulls severaL
inches and the canopy releases, then another short pulf rel,eases
the reserve. It is sinrpler than two-handle systems, but look
at the compromises.
First of afI,
people so unaware they forget to pul1 after
cutting away are goin11 to have trouble renlenr' erin€i to pu) 1 the
sanre handle twice- it's already happened. Students using an
s.o.s.
at El-r;irrore in l tBO pullect tlre device halfwav and
stoppeti. In ()ne c.ise, only a radio wi.th "fulL the Reservet "
squawki.ng in the ear of the jumper prevented another "cutaway,
-.^ ,.,.1f rl
Il(-)
f^+-, 1I +
[.)u-L.t l:rlaII Ly.
Having to pull one handle twice negates the whole principle
of the S.O.S. anyway. If you frave to do two things to nake it
work, it's; not an S.O.S..no matter how many h;rndles there are.
There are ;rlso some questions about the propriety of Mr. Mahaffyr!r
survey as reported in the Winter issue. First, why were
only 1O months used for statistical
purposes i.nstead of the int,ernatioaally-recognized
metlrod of yeitrly compilation? Second,
there i:; no evidence whatsoever tlrat S.0.S.s wouLd have prevented
any percentage of the fatalities reportedr ?s lvlr. Ivlahaffy
avers; there is only the greatei or Lesser likelihood that they
rnav have.

Lastlyl the concl.usions of the accident summaries do not
:;peak for themselves- if tirey did, the auttror would not have
had to articulate those concfusions in the sentence immediately
following. t{r. Mahaffy's statistical surveyr while it may have
been conducted with strict scientific accuracy, was certainl.y
not presented in that fashion. that. coupled with his cornmercial
interest in S.O.S.s and the demonstrated fallibility of the mechanism
upon which his whole design premise is based, leads me to
believe the S.O.S. concept needs to be returned to the drawing
board.

PN
Pt)
TI
IV
AB
PARACHUTS PATENTS
In each edition of the newsletter, we will print as many patent abstracts as space
rrllows. It is hoped this infornrution will udvunce the sport, the industry and the stateof-the-rirt
by inforrning members of recent developments. lT0 parachute patents have
been granted sinee 1975. F'or a copy of the full patent, request by nurnber and send 500
for each to U.S. Patent Office, Washington DC 20231. Full patents contain drawings, all
claims, references to other patents and the filing date.
US slotrrto2.
AUG 2." lv78.
AIRCRAI T FHI R(.TTrLY LFTDIIW}I SYSl}H.
tl t tH : l.l-AR THI,JR-D .
AN AIRf.RAFI LET{'()WN SYS If-H I5 I.)IPLOYARLI IN THL. 5VT.NT TIF PNH€R
FAILURF OK MLCHANICAT FAILURE t)VbR INHOSPITABLE TERRAIN OR IN THE
TVENI Of ENVIROT{MENIAL CONDITIONS I.'HICH PR[CLUT't.VFR OR IFR LANOIr{GS.
A PAIiACI'IUTF 5YSTl'MI H}!ILH IS AITACHFO TU ]HF AIRCRAFT AT A POINT IN
APPT11;1 If.,IATL VTT{IICAL ALIGNHTNT I.IITH THF AIRCI(AFT CFNTFR OF GRAVIIY'
IS :,r.LtLTlvLLY lI'ltRt,l ./t:U riY THt PILOT l{HtN lT BICOl'lE5 APPARENT fHAT A
SAI t tICI(I.,IAL LATJIIIMJ CANNO] hF I.IADE. ON ENTRGIZATION, IHE PAR,ACHUTE
CANI)PY AND tIIE S}lXOUD LIN}5 ARt'RtPOSITION[0 FROI"I THf PLACI OF
STOITAG} TII A L0CA IIOTI T XTf RNAL TO THF AIRCRAFT ANO DFPLOYEO I}.I THE
Cl)NVFNlltlNAL MAr'tNtR. Tt.l ALLtTVIATf THF: gtOCK OF LANDI^lG TO THE
PASSI N(r,t-R5 ANr I CAt'rGO, A SPICIALLY Ct'NSTRUCTt:O !frpaCr AESOREING
LANr)IN(, GEAI{ IS t XThNirl i/ ANU T}{r OCLUPANIS ARE FURIHER PROIECTEt) FR(}{
IHT LANNII.tG SH[I(-K IFIRUUGTI II',IPA(.T AP,SCRBIN(; SI.ATS"
PN US rlost71.
PO Ar,r(, 08, 197u.
Tl lNt-LAlAr,LI PAt{ACil('Tl Fr-tx uSl- AS EqcA2r ttK SDOf{TtNG 0FVlCE.
M1 l.r( KL R-|t[.N R I(ttjE -t] .
Ab FI,IX U5T A5 AN I'5CAPF I'I VICI FKTIM TJURNITIG hUILL,}INGS OI{ FOR SPORI ING
U:,L, A I'ARACHUII (Ai,IOIIY IS SI.'PPLIRILI) IN AN OPf N USL POSITION 8V IN
INF LAIAIJLI f RAMt C(}\5 I\TITIG 0F A NFI!{NKK OF INFLATAI{LF LIGHI}IF IC+IT
l-LLxll,Li Ttjttl S. lHt INFLATAbLt FRA'.11-WtlRK flAS A PCrRI lOll IIHICH
SI,'RqI.It'TIt'S THE WAIST [J} A t'SIR ANL) ALS0 IIMBOtIIIS AI'I INFLATACLE
Pi{F I.AI'N(.HIT{b PIJSI III,NINI, MFNEf R. IJ.-'ITLFD AIR OR GAS I.'IAY BF UTITIZET)
TI) IN}LATE I}IE IIT VICE Ir]RIII.JGH AN INFLAIIUN VALVT. PROVIOID THERFON. A
R}5IR,.ITIIN(' f..FLI PFRM II5 PP.TII.II-LATIT:N (IF THT f RAi,IEWORK SUC-I.I THAT UPON
RI-L,A5E THI. CANIIPY I.XI'AIJt)S ALT'III"(;I INSIATITANf TTUSLY BY THE
SIKAI(.HIFNIN(. U} tOLD:II FLFXI{,.LL IUTI-5-
PN U:; ie5238l .
PD Ar,R :t7r t9ro.
rI bUCKLT I OI{ RL IAKDI:D AUII.IMAI IC I.INLUCKING OF SAFI-IY BTLTS AND HARNESSES
OF I'ARALHU TING I QUIPHI.NTS ANO UF VEHICLLS.
IV bART,E{;I'Y.
A8 EUCKLI. I-OR RFTAXOI:O AUIUI'IATIC UNLTJCKIT{G ('JF SAFITY BFLTS AND HARNESSES
OF PARACHUTI}.IG FQUI PHTNT I)R UT VFHICLF S, WHICH COHPRIST S A FRAilT
SLI t)IABLY !t()U^ITI:D IN A CASING AND A SHAFT IN TIII- FRAME FOR SUPPORTIfS
A SHINGING IlOLT AI.IAPI T:N TO IIIPRISIlN THI SHACKLE OF A STRAP, OR
RFLI:A5E EITHFR INSTANlAN€OUSLY UNL'Et.( THT DIRECT ACTION OF A MANUAL
CL]N-]RUL I.II ANS OF HIIH A OTLAY UNDLR TFIE ACTION OF AN AUTOT{ATIC
LUN IRTJL HF ANS CLINNFCT I D IO THt hOLT ANt) ACTUATTI) 8Y SPR TNGS
C(IITPXISSET' IJY ThF SHALKLf HHFN frlf SHACKLE IS INTRIIOUCIO INSIOF IHE
CASING. THL AUIOIlATIC LONIRT}L }IEANS I S I TSTLF LOCKI.O 8Y iIEANS
AUAPTFD fU bE SLLI r{LY HIll{URAt{Nt BY i'ltANS OF A Bi(AKIr UNDER fHE ACIION
OF A TRACT ION F(IRCI: E Xl-RTI'O bY IHI. SHACKLF ON THF bOLT PROVIOING IHE
SLII)ING HOVF}ThNI I.IF IIII FKAHE A(;AIN:,I TTlf AC TION OF A Kf TURIV SPRING
BRIN(.ING UACK TtlF FF(AMt I(J IIS INITIAL POSIIIt,N AS SOON AS IHE
TRACTITJN FIIKCh (IF THE sHACKLE (ItI THL STRAP sU6STANIIALLY OIHINI ShES
OR Ct,ASI S.

PN US qoll35l.r .
PU APR ll, lert].
T I I{AN UAL K I PCORO |-|ANDLI. A S SI MT' LY ITOUNT I NG.
lv nAr\u(:-Jt.lN-T.
AtI APPARATTIS IS PRITVIOiI,) FLIR PRIVTNTING PRLt.rAlUREr HANUAL OP€RATION OF A
PARAC'IUII ACI]vATfD DI.-'tTING EJt,CIION BY AIRLNAD TENSIONAL FORCES (IiI
fHh PARACHTTTE CUNIAINhR AtlO HARNESS RISER SIRAP SYSIEf{r l{HICH IS
ACCII4PLIS}ITt) 8Y SLIIIA P.LY MI]UNTING THE RIPCORD HANDLF ASSEHELY t{ITH
RI SPTCI TO TTtE RISER SIRAI..
PN US {26431 I .
PD APk 2A, 1981.
rI OYNAI,IIC PARALHU'IE FL'UR-tINC KELTASL, SItlULAT(IR.
IV CALL-IJOIX;LAS-W. IUCKTR{HARLIF-L.
AB A UYNAMIC PAiiACITII'IL FTIUR-LINT RTL€ASE SIHULATOR DFVICE I{HICH ALLOI'S
AIRCRTWMFN TO PKACIICT THF STTPS NECESSARY TO ASSURT A S^FE PARACHUTE
OLSCLNT AND LANI,ING FI'LLIJWING T!ItsRGLNCY AIRCRAFT FGRTSS. THF DEVICE
IS 5U5PiNDLt) aI A DLSlRct) HbIGHT ADJACfNf A RAISED PLATFORtIr AND lS
CONSINUCTEO UF A CRI)S S-BRACT,O I.{ETAL RING HAVING PARACHUTE SUSPENSION
LIN[.S C(JiJNtCTEI, ThTITK IO VIA bUNGI.-I: CORDS AND I.YE hOLTS; A PARACHUTF
RI StR A55FIIIbLY, }IHICH 5f RVTS AS AN ITIACTIAFNT POTNI FOR AIRCRFhJMEN
TRAII.I[[i,r IS CIIiITIICIEiI I1' ThI. SUSPENSIfJN LINFS VIA NFTAL CONNECTOR
L IHKS.
PN uS {(,{2le.'-
PD AUG lt" 1977.
TI PAI(ALIIUTf HAI(NF5S RI LFASL t{ECHANISM.
IV FR(]:T-RICHARTI-H. CRI LI.Y-RUNALt'-L.
fi A PARALHUTE TIARNESs RI.LLASL HTCHANISTT FIJR USI OI'I A PARAChUTT. HARNESS
SUCII AS A.IOI{SIJ,{'TSI'RAIf,{I LAR}IENT V[9T CARRYINT] RELEASASLE RUCKLES
FUK CUNT{IJCTI(JN ItII Ii't PARAChUTE I(ISb'I SHOULOER HARNESS STRAPS'
Rf LI ASAI,LF. IJUCKLl S FOJ( CTINI'JECTIIIN dI-IH SUXVIVAL KIT LAP hELT5, AN
UXYGTTT HASK HOSI TFR,q INATIP.IG I^I A RT LEASATTLI: EDUPLING FTIR CONNFCTION ^ND
HITTi AN OXYGLN:\JPPT-Y COIIOUIT. THL RELLASL, MTChANISI'I II'JCLUDES A HANO
OPTRAIEI' CIJNtrRt}L HI'!H A CTIf'IPRESSETI AIR SUPPLY CUNNFCTABLT SFLECTIVELY
TU tIIhTR THE Ri-LIA:AI'LI PARACHIJTI- i. IS!R SHIIULUEX HAR{F5S STRAP
8UCKLl S OK ALTL}iNATIVILY IO ALL IIF I HE I(FLEASABLF bUCKLI-S AI.ID TI-G
oxY(,t-N lrosr cout,LlNG. lN IHr LATItK Ht)uf r rHF crl{Pkt sStD AIR ls
FURIHtT( CONNLCTI U TN A PI{LS5URI, REIJIJCINb VALVf IOR SUPPLYING AIR TO
IllL UXYLcN PRESSUCE l{ LGtJLAIOR' MASK HOSt ANl.r MASK FOR A TIHE
SUF,-lL ll Nf TO l NAtrLi TrlF CRFvMAN TtJ ESCAPT ' FROrt THE AIRCRAFT EVEN
IHOLII,II IT IS UN!)EKWATtI{ UR SUKKUUNOf D 8Y I. IKT, t'ENST FUhFS OR SHOKT-.
PN US )Ut'51'6't.
PIJ Fi tr (r+, L,t7>.
TI SIPANIibLE CI)TTTA]NII{ FI'R PARAChUIE_IYPF ILAKh.
lv s ll.rmut\s-tt J(lRN-ilt R r{All-(;Lr )F -
Ab A I'AKALIIL,,TF hLAIIf IN IHE LI- A PKUJTCI ILf tIR ShLLL WHILH IS
SI PARAII O W}IILt IN ITS FLIGHT ''(JKM IRAJhCIORY FRT]H A CARRIFR PART WHILF
SOIIV.IiNG RAPIDLY Ah{]UT ITS AXIS. A TUbULAR CASING AITACHID TO IHE
}LA1{f I-IT]UStsS ,{ I,IAITJ PARAChUIt ANU CI]MPRISIS A PLURALI]Y OF SFPARABLE
PARTS TIHICH ARI. NfIRT'1ALLY HELIJ IOi,I-TtIFi< t}Y A SECIJRING INCLUDING
A RI.LAI IVLLY TTIIN-TJALLLI) ANNULAi CONTAINEi( I"IIHSEI(. IN ''IIANS A PRFFER,RED
trlrijltlMtNf' fHL PLU;{ALITY OF CASING PAK1S ARF ALL SlCURf0 AT AN FND
rHI-'.LI.,iF TtI A t)I5C-SFtAPLtJ Mt.MSTK bY T1I_AI{S (]F AN T,NCIRCLING SLEEVE
IIAV III( AN II'JWAR.,'LY IJI SPUSIO tDOI PUKT TlJN F IITING I NTIJ AN ANNULAR
Itt-Lr SS NN THI DI S(_STtAPED Hf I{bTR. SEVf L-SHAPEO PINS PASSING THROUGH
rIIL SLI f VE ANI.I IN IO TIIt PLUi(AL I] Y OF PARI S AKI HFLO IN POS TTION 8Y
IHI. CIINIAIT.IFR I'IT}1F,FR. HHtN firT LAITId ME}1bhR I5 NOVFD LCNGITUDINALLY
T(I I-IiIL ]HL PIIIIiT SUCT. PII.IS ARI REI'II]Vt IJ AS A RTSULT OF THF
Lr-)t,r( I lLlL)lr{AL FUI(cr:, acl tN(, uPon THt Ff vLLLEt) suRFActs trF THh PINSr
r IIE KI bY PE Kf'4 I TI IN(, NE h(IVAL OF I Hr UI SC-SHAPF O TT MbFR SC THAT Tht
PLUtiALIIY OF PARIS tUxt''llN(; lrlL ftJbULAli CASING CAN TfrfN trI SFPARaTED
b Y Ll- lvI R I F \.1(;AL l- f) kC l- .

| , drrt .\"'/!t(tt3 cl/ f ly'
REFORTFROM
tirArSHlltGroil
By Fht OBnen
PRODUCT LIABILITY:
IT'S STILL A
LEGAL RIPOFF
hen Henry Knapherde
oprned hrs busincss rn
1848 rn Qurncy, lll, he
tound r reedy market for
hrs horse drawn wrgons Westward
bound settlen and resrdcnts of the Ms-
5r\5rppr Rlver town boughr Knapherde's
pruducts, und none of them cver sueo
hrnr for broken spokcs, snapped
tongues, ot any orhcr product tarlures
ln iJct, In tivc Bcncrtrrons of fanrrly
owncrshrp no onr hls cve( brouBhr a
ploduct lrrbrlrty surt JBernsr thc comp:-
ny, whrch now burldr rpecialty truck
btrrltcs ard hotu. Wby, then, rlrd H. W.
Knapherde lll, the president today, s€e
hrs producr liabiliry rnsurance prenrums
esr nearly J,flI)% rn ,usr rhrcc
YTJFI
In 1975 Knrpherdc perd $12,784 lor
coverate, rn 1976 rr went to 332.946.
rnd by l97E rhe same pnlrcy cost hrm
S3E6,270 Desplre thc prcmium explo.
sron, Knapherde lclr lonunate, brcause
other srnall busrncs ownrrs hc knew
wcren r rble to tct lnsurancc rt rll, at
Jny pncc
lnsurance premlums soar€d ou( ol
rrght partly because of a sencs ol pr€ce.
dcnt-r.annt coutt cescs thJr betrn In
abc carly 1960s, vys poromrc. Md.. attorncy
Gcolfrey Myers, r spccialist rn
product lrabrhry law. Calrlornra couns,
hc notes, wer€ the first to u*.,strrct lHbrlity"
rs a basrs lor surts brought by rn,
tuftd pantes ag:rnst manufacturcrs lnd
Hrsrorrcally, rhe plarnrrlf rn e p(oduca
lrJbrllty actton had to prove rhat, oenulJcturcr
wes netlttent rn destgnrng or
burldrng a producr. It w:sn,a th€ prod.
uct rhar was on trial, but thr difendJnr's
conduct lI the defendant could
prove rhar rhe product was desrgned
Jnd manulactured under accepted in,
dustry stand:rds, that usually us sufticrenr
defenst
But under rhe stncr lrabrlrry standard,
rt's thc product thJa's on tnal. lf thc
plarnrrtf crn show thar rhc product was
unsale, notwtthstandrng the manufac_
turcr's lack of neglrgence, he can clarm
dJmetcs no matter how carelels he mey
hrvc bcen ln ustnt the product
i;:;:ir,,::.'3Lo Bien repons trom
The strict liabiliry shnderd has bred a
cunous lrony When a manufecturcr
rdds an rmprovcd sle:y feature to his
product-a blade guard on a table saw,
for example-the improvement can e{srly
be interpreted by the couns as an admlslon
thJt earlier modcls were in lect
unvte The manufacturer, by rnrprov,
rng his product, has admitted his own li
abrlity for rhe earlier model, rhouglr ic
wts, Jt the ttr.e, manufrcturqd undcr
rcccprcd dcslgn stlnderds
Tbc courtc hevc gonc along with tlre
abrurditres and s have lurirs, bolh ol
thcm ircrrng lrkr modcrn-dry Robrn
Hoods "They see an rniured petson srr.
trn6 rhere and they sec Ford Mocor Co,
srttlnt next ro htm," Knaphcidc xys
"They flgurc that Ford crn atford to
pay, ro ahcy trent . lartc awerd,,
The law, srys Myen, rs unbalanced in
favor of rhe platnriff, bcceuse srricr lia
btlrty lers iuriges rnd turre5 rllnore (vr
dence indicating that neBlrtcnce by rhe
usr oi the product may hrve becn parr
ly or even mostly responsrble for the rniury
That rmbalancc, hc notcs, creares a
climate that encourat€s the filrng of
some sP€clous sults
Why don't lnsute6 contest thesc speclous
suitsa Because tor tnsurance cornpanres
it is ofren chcaper in the shurr
run ro seatle wrrh the plarntrtl and then
rrls premium rates Most small compr
nies have to go rlong wrrh rhcrr rnsur'
ers, bccrw most hebrlrty pohcrcs rrc
void rl the lnsured pany €lccts to de.
lcnd hrmrlf.
Knaphcrde says he was able to ger
product liebility lnsurrnce rn 1979 for
S182,862, a relative bargarn, because his
lawyer advrcd him of where he mrght
have potcntial problems wlth his products
and bccaus he found e crrrter who
would insure hrs rruck products on I
stratrfied basis, ellowing hrm to rnsure
dillerenr stmcnts of this busrncs ar
Con6ress hrs hcerd dozcnr ol lirbility
insurencc horror saorict, many of them
worlc (htn Knephcide'r, but conrumct
lobbics havc blched leguletion rhrr
mighr rcturn r mcrlure of rcrson to lir.
bility ewlrds znd thc rcnctt undct
which rhey erc trted They succcsfully
kcat rclorm legislation botrlcd up in
commr(tee during thc lut Congrcro,
usrnt an rrtument witb ouch surfece
rpp€al: -th€ r.2tes, they sy, not th€ lcd'
clal govrrnocnt, should rct ao sareiSharn
out rhc product lrubrlity dil:mma
l{ecently thc Commetce Dcpenmcnt,
along wrth sevtral bustnes groupr,
crafted r model "ton rclorm" bill tbtt
5rat€s mrBht adopt. lt would imPos
strrct habllity on manulactuters rnd
dealrn only when producs rrc delectlve
in construction or fri.l to conlorm
lo rn rxptcs warrlnty Oth€rsisc, it
would utrlize r "fault smndrrd," r syv
tcm thJa apporttons blamc between thc
usr rnd the mrnulactur€r or seller ll
would, mmt ob*rycn agee, hclP slrbilrc
prcrnrums rnd mybe reduce them.
Bu! Ao ooe erpccts many states to
adogt thc model law "Lawye6 control
rb€ saate legrslatures," Knzpheide scys.
"A lot ol them wrll tcll you rigbt out
3hat th

TO USERS OF PLATEO FASTENERS
,2t ru ,nt r-,4/,nr.
CAUTION! IMPROPER PLATING lS HAZARDoUS !
"!'iuteners fail frorn inrproper 1;)ating? Ridiculous!"
Such a reactron frottr sontec;t.te tlhose previous
experience with l)latlng artd plated palls has not inclLrdeti
threaded fasLcners nrrght rve.ll be anticipated.
'l'

PR0BLEM No.1
Fasteners Do Fail From Hydrogen
Embrittlement and Such Failures are Di:astrous
'l'hr introductiorr and use of lrigh strcng!lr stc(,rs,
such iu are cnrplol,cd in thc manufacturL' of socket
screws and lrerosprcc bolts, huve been accompanied
l;y an endless series clf delayed service fuilures.
'['hcst' rlisistrous flilrrrlrc lruve frcqut,ntly
oeeurrtd ln fustdnurs srtbtcr'ted to strcsscs ntueh
lrelow their ulirm"tt-iicn'tih. Inveit'igations have
pro-ed rhi-rtr.'se, fiituies we're caused by ly,tfCCgff
erlr l) r l It lL'nre t) t..
'I'o explairr briefly, thrs is a corrdition where
utonttc ltydrogerr, in a process sttll noL fully r,rnderstootl,
ean l;e rl;sorbeci and drffused througltout
the rne tll berng plalecl dunng the electrol;laring
o[)cratron It hf,s a tendcrrcy to collcet, under load,
rn [he ueas of hrghest stress cor]cent.ration. l'hrs
('an result rn brrttle failirre, in most cases delayed,
and lor rvhrcfr !hcre rs no reliable nrcarts of d..-
lectlon
F rorn tht,se salne rnvestigations the followrlg
ff,cLs aliout Irydrogtn ernbriltlcnrent have br:en
t':talrlislted
I
Tl,r, hrllrcr ltre Jpplred 5Iruss tn the faslcner, ilte
shortcr thc trrre to fdrlure
2' Thrr" rs d thrrrshold vJlue of hVdroqen conccntrd
tron lor a grven steel dt J cerlarn hedt treJt levei,
above whrch embrttlrnq rs crtlcal
3- Tl," greater the Jmouilt ol hydrogen rn rhe steel,
thc Inorc prone the fastener rs to farlure, rhe shorter
rvrll be Lhe period of time to tarlure and rhe lower
rhe stress level at whtch it wrll occur
4 Th" tlgher the tensile or hardness of the steel, the
qreater the embritrlrng efJect of the hydrogen
5 Types of steel as well as different heats wirhin the
sarle typc wrll have varying degrees of embritrle-
[rent trom the same amount of hydrogen
6 Gr"",", emblttlcmenr relref results from longer
lJdkrng trnres Jnd hrgher temperarures
l
lt should be noled that steels with the highest
tcnsile strengths farl at lower stresses a.nd in shorter
times. Also t€sLs have established the fact that lhe
rnethod of hcac treatment does not have a strong
intluence on screw failures due to hydrogen embrittlement,
'Dut co,ltrol of the heat treating process
does.
r\s previously rnentior)ed, part of the ptoblem
of hydrogerr embrittlcment lies in the fact that
failure frorrr this eause is in ma.ny cases delayed,
with no ruliahle nreung of qq.y11r-!:g detee-lig11. nor,
f ,rirliia i Tn u I ru r, *iir u lir:ria-c i,iiiiilir iilg' tri ii-if o nr re
hydrogen is actually present in the finished fastener.
To make rnalters worse, as we said earlier, thc hydrogen
has a tendency to concenlrale, under load,
in the areas of hrghest stress concentralion.
The very design of high strength bolts irnd
screws, with their many stress risers and nolches
and their norriral i-rsage under conditions of high
suslained ;urd dynarnic stresses make [hem very
suscetltible to hydrogen embriLtle^ment failure
llncidentaliy, our own Ui\BRAKO@ screws have
a unitlu.r deslgn of thread root, radius root runou!
and cor)trolied fillets that minimize this problem-)
'fherefore, cvery l)recaution should be taken
to [)rr]vent, sueh c{isastrous failures by establishing
ud mairrt:lning prcclse cot)trol over heat treaLmcnt,
grindrng, pre-plate cieaning, the plating itsclf, alld
g19!!_11lIlglLa4!j!rt_-pllqe !4\lllg of the puts to
eliminate any hydrogen which may have been diffused
into the metal during the plating operation.
Controlled heat treating. As previously mentioned,
stee.ls with higher hardnesses and carbon contents
are more prone to embrittlemenC by hydrogen. For
thrs reason the most modem fumace equipment
must be ernployed and earefully controlled atnrosphere
practices musL be followed in the heat treatment
of threaded fasteners. This will assure that
tcnsile strcngth levels iue within required values
and no trace of carburization is present in the
finished work. Surface carbunzation is most undesLrable
for cadmium plated, high strength fastencrs
- a critical combinacion of high hardness,
high carbon and high surface stresscs results.

USERS OF PLATED FASTENERS
Grinding ln the larger sizes of socket screws and
bolts it is frequently necessirry to grind heat-treated
blanks to remove surface rnrl)erfections, decarburization
(from the originaJ stock) artd to establistr
closc dinrensions and good surface finish. Llowever,
the grinding operation irself is another source of
trouble if irnproperly done. lligh surface tensile
strcsscs iurd overlreating urll rusult from improper
$inding and the latter nray br st'vere cnough to
produce hard spots or ( ra( kir)9. 'I'hc conrbinatron
of surfuce Lensilc, stresses and high surface lrardness
u'hich accurrlrantes tht hard slrt.lts tnakcs such I)arts
n)orc prone to failure by hytJroger.r anrbnttlemcnt.
Cleuring All hcat trcat scalc and foreign mal.t,rials
nrust bc ('oml)lctely removed froru hrgh s[rur]gtlr
faskrner.- before 1;latrng. lJeavy acrd cleanirrg sirould
M avoided be