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Phase diagram of water

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A Schematic <strong>of</strong> an ADSR<br />

Use three<br />

accelerators<br />

for reliability<br />

Energy Amplifier or Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor<br />

World NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS 2003-04<br />

Belgium<br />

Canada*<br />

China**<br />

France<br />

Germany<br />

India<br />

Japan<br />

Korea (South)<br />

Russia<br />

Sweden<br />

United Kingdom<br />

USA<br />

WORLD<br />

billion<br />

kWh<br />

44.6<br />

70.3<br />

79.0<br />

420.7<br />

157.4<br />

16.4<br />

230.8<br />

123.3<br />

138.4<br />

65.5<br />

85.3<br />

763.7<br />

2525<br />

% e<br />

55<br />

13<br />

**<br />

78<br />

28<br />

3<br />

25<br />

40<br />

17<br />

50<br />

24<br />

20<br />

16<br />

Operating<br />

7<br />

17<br />

15<br />

59<br />

18<br />

14<br />

54<br />

19<br />

30<br />

11<br />

23<br />

103<br />

438<br />

Building<br />

0<br />

1<br />

4<br />

0<br />

0<br />

9<br />

3<br />

1<br />

5<br />

0<br />

0<br />

1<br />

28<br />

Planned/<br />

Proposed<br />

0<br />

2<br />

26<br />

0<br />

0<br />

24<br />

12<br />

8<br />

9<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

106<br />

Relative costs <strong>of</strong> electricity in the US (2003)<br />

Costs <strong>of</strong> Electricity Generation (2003)<br />

(25-year capital recovery, 85% lifetime capacity factor)<br />

Source<br />

Cents/kWe-hr<br />

Nuclear 7.0<br />

Coal 4.4<br />

Gas 4.1<br />

Nuclear Costs with reduced<br />

Construction costs by 25% 5.8<br />

Construction time by 12 months 5.6<br />

Cost <strong>of</strong> capital ≡ coal and gas 4.7<br />

With Carbon Tax $50/tC $100/tC $200/tC<br />

Coal 5.6 6.8 9.2<br />

Gas 4.6 5.1 6.2

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