Modern methods of acceleration and compact light sources
Modern methods of acceleration and compact light sources
Modern methods of acceleration and compact light sources
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ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TRAINING –<br />
FUTURE DIRECTIONS<br />
MODERN METHODS OF ACCELERATION AND COMPACT<br />
LIGHT SOURCES<br />
Andrei A. Seryi<br />
John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Oxford <strong>and</strong> Royal Holloway University <strong>of</strong> London, UK<br />
Particle Physics seminar<br />
9 th November 2010
Uncovering the origin <strong>of</strong> the universe<br />
Big Bang<br />
now<br />
Older ….. larger … colder ….less energetic<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
2
Colliders – explore what matter is made <strong>of</strong><br />
The hottest spots in the galaxy<br />
When the two beams <strong>of</strong> protons<br />
collide, they will generate<br />
temperatures<br />
1000 million times hotter<br />
than the heart <strong>of</strong> the sun,<br />
but in a minuscule space<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
“Yesterday”<br />
LEP Collider, CERN<br />
SLAC Linear Collider<br />
“Today”<br />
VEP-2000 Collider, BINP<br />
Tevatron collider, Fermilab<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Precision measurements at CERN/LEP <strong>and</strong><br />
SLAC/SLC establish St<strong>and</strong>ard Model – explains<br />
how particles interact …<br />
But pr<strong>of</strong>ound<br />
question remain<br />
• Why do the particles all<br />
have different masses,<br />
<strong>and</strong> where does the mass<br />
come from?<br />
What causes mass??<br />
The mechanism – Higgs or<br />
alternative appears around<br />
the corner<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Composition <strong>of</strong> the universe<br />
Known <strong>and</strong> Understood<br />
Matter<br />
Unknown Matter ~ 90%<br />
DARK MATTER &<br />
DARK ENERGY<br />
What is Dark Matter ?<br />
• Perhaps a new form <strong>of</strong> elementary particle?<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Supersymmetry <strong>and</strong> Dark Matter<br />
• Just as with anti-matter, new particles are predicted<br />
• Supersymmetric particles have just the properties expected <strong>of</strong><br />
Dark Matter<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Large Hadron Collider<br />
Proton beam stores 700 MegaJoules equivalent to Boeing<br />
747 energy on take-<strong>of</strong>f – enough to melt 1/2 ton copper<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
The Biggest Detectors ever built
LHC <strong>and</strong> e + e - Collider<br />
LHC will open the curtain<br />
<strong>of</strong> a theatre <strong>of</strong> new physics<br />
Proton is a composite object –<br />
complex analysis<br />
Electron <strong>and</strong> positron are zero-size<br />
objects<br />
The e+e- collider will<br />
illuminate the stage<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Comparative accuracy <strong>of</strong> particle physics<br />
“microscopes”
Designing the next Linear<br />
Collider<br />
few GeV<br />
pre-accelerator<br />
source<br />
KeV<br />
damping<br />
ring<br />
few GeV<br />
few GeV<br />
250-500 GeV<br />
final focus<br />
extraction<br />
& dump<br />
bunch<br />
compressor<br />
main linac<br />
collimation<br />
IP<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
International Linear Collider<br />
Developed by Global Design Effort (GDE)<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
ILC’s Workhorse – Superconducting RF
CLIC – Compact Linear<br />
Collider<br />
Alternative design that may provide path to higher energy<br />
Undergoing active design <strong>and</strong> feasibility study<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Accelerator-Driven Subcritical<br />
Reactor (ADSR)<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Concept<br />
Superconducting cavities<br />
– key for enabling ADSR<br />
Accelerators can drive next-generation reactors<br />
that burn non-fissile fuel, such as thorium<br />
Dominant feature <strong>of</strong> ADSR – its inherent safety
Accelerators Worldwide<br />
• High-energy accelerators 120<br />
• Synchrotron radiation X-ray <strong>sources</strong> 100<br />
• Radiotherapy 7700<br />
• Biomedical research 1000<br />
• Industrial processing 1500<br />
• Ion implanters, surface modification 7000<br />
Total 17,500<br />
Accelerators are not only for high energy physics<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Diamond: synchrotron source <strong>of</strong> X-rays<br />
Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science <strong>and</strong> Innovation Campus, UK<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Protein structure revealed with<br />
help <strong>of</strong> <strong>light</strong> <strong>sources</strong><br />
HIV glycoprotein<br />
mosquito<br />
immune system<br />
yeast enzyme<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Radiotherapy with X-rays<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Cancer therapy with protons<br />
protons deposit energy much<br />
more selectively than x-rays<br />
PAMELA: Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL<br />
Applications<br />
Accelerator for cancer therapy designed<br />
by collaboration <strong>of</strong> UK institutions<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
ISIS: neutron <strong>and</strong> muon source<br />
ISIS pulsed neutron <strong>and</strong> muon source at the<br />
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Neutrons <strong>and</strong> muons imaging<br />
is essential for development <strong>of</strong><br />
advanced materials for energy,<br />
nanotechnology, etc<br />
Materials with low-dimensional<br />
structures (e.g. 2-D or layered<br />
materials such as graphene) have<br />
been studies by combination <strong>of</strong><br />
neutron scattering <strong>and</strong> x-ray<br />
diffraction... [A Goodwin (Cambridge Univ.) A<br />
Hannon (ISIS), et al]<br />
October 5, 2010:<br />
Andre Geim <strong>and</strong> Konstantin Novoselov from the University <strong>of</strong><br />
Manchester have been awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Physics<br />
following their pioneering research on Graphene<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Accelerators <strong>and</strong> Nobel<br />
Recent studies by Alex<strong>and</strong>er W. Chao <strong>and</strong> Enzo F. Haussecker<br />
(SLAC) have shown that<br />
The fraction <strong>of</strong> the Nobel prizes in Physics directly<br />
connected to accelerators is very close to 30%<br />
A.Chao <strong>and</strong> E. Haussecker "Impact <strong>of</strong> Accelerator Science on<br />
Physics Research", to be published in International Committee <strong>of</strong> Future<br />
Accelerators Beam Dynamics Newsletter, December 2010; <strong>and</strong> submitted to<br />
the Physics in Perspective Journal, December 2010.<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Atsuto Suzuki (KEK), chair <strong>of</strong> ICFA (International Committee for Future Accelerators)<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Atsuto Suzuki (KEK), chair <strong>of</strong> ICFA (International Committee for Future Accelerators)<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Atsuto Suzuki (KEK), chair <strong>of</strong> ICFA (International Committee for Future Accelerators)<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Concept <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Plasma Wake-Field Acceleration<br />
Electron/Positron Linear Collider<br />
3D-PIC PWFA simulation by F. Tsung/UCLA<br />
(CERN Courier June 2007, P.28, C. Joshi)
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
While such direct extrapolation<br />
is not valid, the synergy <strong>of</strong><br />
classic accelerators <strong>and</strong> laser<br />
<strong>and</strong> plasma based will clearly<br />
change the entire l<strong>and</strong>scape <strong>of</strong><br />
accelerator science
Recent tremendous progress in plasma <strong>acceleration</strong><br />
42 GeV<br />
85GeV<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Nature v 445,p741 (2007)<br />
Energy Doubling <strong>of</strong> 42<br />
Billion Volt Electrons Using<br />
an 85 cm Long Plasma<br />
Wakefield Accelerator
Experiments at FFTB<br />
demonstrated 50GeV/m<br />
FFT experiments had single bunch<br />
Two bunches: drive <strong>and</strong> witness, will<br />
provide high efficiency <strong>of</strong> E transfer<br />
to accelerated bunch<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
A concept for Plasma Wake Field Acceleration<br />
1TeV CM Linear Collider<br />
Combines breakthrough performance <strong>of</strong> plasma <strong>acceleration</strong> &<br />
wealth <strong>of</strong> 30+ yrs <strong>of</strong> LC development<br />
RF gun<br />
Drive beam accelerator<br />
bunch compressor<br />
RF separator<br />
Drive beam distribution<br />
Beam Delivery <strong>and</strong> IR<br />
PWFA cells<br />
PWFA cells<br />
FACET address<br />
key issues <strong>of</strong><br />
single stage<br />
DR e- main beam e-<br />
main beam<br />
injector<br />
DR e+<br />
e+ injector<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Key features <strong>of</strong> PWFA-LC concept<br />
Electron drive beam for both electrons <strong>and</strong> positrons<br />
High current low gradient efficient 25GeV drive linac<br />
similar to linac <strong>of</strong> CERN CTF3, demonstrated performance<br />
Multiple plasma cells<br />
20 cells, meter long, 25GeV/cell, 35% energy transfer efficiency<br />
Main / drive bunches<br />
2.9E10 / 1E10<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Drive beam distribution<br />
Single train for e+ <strong>and</strong> e- sides<br />
Separation by RF deflectors<br />
Kickers<br />
mini-train 1 2.9E10 e-/bunch mini-train 20<br />
500ns<br />
2*125 bunches<br />
100ns<br />
kicker gap<br />
12µs train<br />
feedforward<br />
Kickers with ~100ns rise time<br />
Possibility for feed-forward<br />
Plasma cell spacing c*600ns/2<br />
main beam<br />
animation <strong>of</strong> beam drive distribution:<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Accelerator Science Facilities<br />
(few examples, not a comprehensive review)<br />
National Lab scale facilities<br />
FACET (SLAC, USA)<br />
Acc. Facility at FNAL (USA)<br />
ATF/ATF2 (KEK, Japan)<br />
ALICE/EMMA (Daresbury, UK)<br />
...<br />
University scale facilities<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
FACET<br />
FACILITY FOR ADVANCED ACCELERATOR<br />
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS AT SLAC
Unique properties <strong>of</strong> SLAC e+ <strong>and</strong> e- beams (ultra-short, high<br />
charge) provide worldwide unique opportunities for accelerator<br />
research at FACET<br />
Constructed with funds provided by American Recovery <strong>and</strong> Reinvestment Act
Two electron<br />
bunches formed by<br />
notch collimator will<br />
allow study energy<br />
doubling, high<br />
efficiency<br />
<strong>acceleration</strong>,<br />
emittance<br />
preservation
R 56 = 4 mm, ∆s = 52.7 mm<br />
e+ upgrade<br />
Shared linac e+ sailboat e+ Shared FF<br />
chicane<br />
IP<br />
e- e-<br />
e- σ x = σ y<br />
R 56 = 4 mm η = 0<br />
64 m<br />
“Sailboat” dual chicane will give unique opportunity to study<br />
<strong>acceleration</strong> <strong>of</strong> positrons by an electron bunch
e -<br />
e +<br />
Focal Point:<br />
∆z = -0.1mm<br />
RF<br />
e +<br />
e -<br />
∆z = 5 cm<br />
“Sailboat” dual chicane will give unique opportunity to study<br />
<strong>acceleration</strong> <strong>of</strong> positrons by an electron bunch
Unique science opportunities for variety <strong>of</strong> fields:<br />
Plasma beam source<br />
Plasma lens for <strong>compact</strong> focusing<br />
Bent crystal for beam collimation or photon source<br />
e+ <strong>and</strong> e- <strong>acceleration</strong> study essential for LWFA & PWFA<br />
Dielectric wakefield <strong>acceleration</strong><br />
Energy-doubling for existing facilities such as FEL’s<br />
Generation <strong>of</strong> THz radiation for materials studies
Short bunches <strong>and</strong> their Tera-Hz radiation open new<br />
possibilities to study ultrafast magnetization switching
New stair case<br />
in S19<br />
Sector 20<br />
Bunch compressor, final focus,<br />
experimental area <strong>and</strong> beam dump<br />
Sector 10<br />
bunch<br />
compressor<br />
Experimental area &<br />
instrumentation<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
FACET parameters for Science<br />
Energy<br />
Charge per pulse<br />
Pulse length at IP (σ z )<br />
Typical spot size at IP (σ x,y ) 10 to 20 µm<br />
Repetition rate<br />
23 GeV with full compression <strong>and</strong><br />
maximum peak current<br />
2 x 10 10 (3 nC) e - or e + per pulse with full<br />
compression<br />
25 µm with 4 % FW momentum spread<br />
with full compression <strong>and</strong><br />
40 µm with 1.5 % FW momentum spread<br />
with partial compression<br />
30 Hz<br />
Momentum spread 4 % FW with full compression (3 %<br />
FWHM);
Fermilab Acc Science facility<br />
S. Nagaitsev et al<br />
• Low energy beamlines:<br />
–40 MeV (gun, two 9-cell cavities)<br />
• High energy beamlines:<br />
–810 MeV (3 cryomodules);<br />
–1075 MeV (4 cryomodules);<br />
–1500 MeV (6 cryomodules),<br />
• Space for a 10 m storage ring<br />
Constructed with funds provided by American Recovery <strong>and</strong> Reinvestment Act<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Fermilab Acc Science facility<br />
Proposals<br />
Emittance exchange<br />
Optical stochastic cooling<br />
Plasma <strong>acceleration</strong><br />
Integrable optics ring, etc<br />
S. Nagaitsev et al<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
ATF / ATF2 facility at KEK
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
ATF till 2008
ATF2: 2009-<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Prototype linear collider final focus system<br />
Aim to focus 1.3 GeV beam to 37nm<br />
Equivalent to 2.7 nm at 250 GeV/beam
ATF International organization is defined by MOU signed by 25 institutions<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the missions <strong>of</strong> ATF <strong>and</strong> ATF2, is to provide the young scientists <strong>and</strong><br />
engineers with training opportunities <strong>of</strong> participating in R&D programs for<br />
advanced accelerator technologies<br />
As <strong>of</strong> May 2010, six PhD in Accelerator Science based on ATF2 work <strong>and</strong><br />
another eight PhD studies are in development<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
ATF2 beyond 2012<br />
A new element <strong>of</strong> research programme<br />
Physics in ultra intense laser field<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
T.Tauchi et al
Facilities at KEK<br />
Nanometer electron beam at ATF2<br />
1.3GeV energy<br />
37nm vertical beam size at IP<br />
Analogy between Hawking <strong>and</strong><br />
Unruh radiation (P. Chen) <strong>and</strong><br />
scheme <strong>of</strong> detecting Unruh radiation<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Ultra-intense Laser beam in future<br />
λ = 0.8 um<br />
intensity >10 20 W/cm 2<br />
Acceleration (a 0 ωc)=3.4x10 25 m/s 2<br />
T.Tauchi et al
Accelerators <strong>and</strong> Lasers In Combined Experiments (ALICE)<br />
Electron Model for Many Applications (EMMA) at Daresbury Lab<br />
e- 30 MeV; Compton x-ray to 30keV; energy recovery; FFAG tests<br />
R Barlow et al. / Nuclear Instruments <strong>and</strong> Methods in Physics Research A 624 (2010) 1–19<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Jim Clarke, Susan Smith, et al
ALPHA-X project at Univ. <strong>of</strong> Strathclyde<br />
Advanced Laser Plasma<br />
High-energy Accelerators<br />
towards X-rays<br />
Recently achievements:<br />
<br />
<br />
Energy spread:<br />
<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
< 0.4% @ 100 MeV<br />
Emittance: < 1 πmm mrad<br />
Energy stability 2.8%<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Energy range:<br />
<br />
<br />
20 –200 MeV –gas jet<br />
up to 0.8 GeV–capillary<br />
Bunch duration: 1 fs<br />
Charge: 1 –100 pC<br />
Peak current: > 5 kA<br />
Pointing stability: ≈ ±1 mrad<br />
Dino Jaroszynski
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
8 November 2010 Google image<br />
115th Anniversary <strong>of</strong> the Discovery <strong>of</strong> X-rays
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Diamond beamlines
New Light Source design<br />
Jon Marangos et al<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
LCLS at SLAC<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Compact Light Sources<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Compton scattering<br />
Inverse Compton scattering:<br />
photon gains energy after interaction<br />
e- γmc 2 λ 1<br />
λ 2 = λ 1 ( 1+θ 2 γ 2 ) / ( 4γ 2 )<br />
λ 2<br />
θ<br />
Examples for λ 1 = 532 nm (2.33 eV)<br />
<br />
<br />
e- 5.11 MeV (γ =10), λ 2 = 1.33 nm (0.93 keV)<br />
e- 18.6 MeV (γ =36.5), λ 2 = 0.1 nm (12.4 keV)<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Evolution <strong>of</strong> computers<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>light</strong> <strong>sources</strong><br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
THOMX Conceptual Design Report, A.Variola, A.Loulergue,<br />
F.Zomer, LAL RT 09/28, SOLEIL/SOU-RA-2678, 2010
Lyncean Technologies, Inc.<br />
Compact X-ray <strong>light</strong> source<br />
25 MeV accelerator<br />
X-ray tuneable from a few keV up to 35 keV<br />
Fits in a 10x25 ft room<br />
Clinical High Resolution Imaging System<br />
Micro-tomography<br />
Protein crystallography<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging with the Compact<br />
Light Source based on inverse Compton X-rays, M.<br />
Bech, O. Bunk, C. David, R. Ruth, J. Rifkin, R. Loewen,<br />
R. Feidenhans'l <strong>and</strong> F. Pfeiffer<br />
et al, J. Synchrotron Rad. (2009). 16, 43-47
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
R. Ruth, SLAC / Lyncean Technologies
THOMX – Compton source<br />
X-ray energy 50-90 keV<br />
Flux 1E11-1E13 ph/s<br />
Ring energy 50 MeV<br />
Scientific case<br />
Cultural heritage application<br />
Bio-Medical applications<br />
X-ray crystallography<br />
A.Variola, A.Loulergue, F.Zomer,<br />
LAL RT 09/28, SOLEIL/SOU-RA-<br />
2678, 2010<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Mono-Energetic Gamma-Ray (MEGa-Ray) Compton<br />
<strong>light</strong> source (LLNL & SLAC)<br />
Nuclear resonance fluorescence<br />
Isotopic sensitivity<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
F.V. Hartemann (LLNL) et al, ICFA FLS 2010
Compton ring for nuclear waste management<br />
E. Bulyak, J. Urakawa, et al., Nucl. Instr. <strong>and</strong> Meth. A<br />
(2010), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.215<br />
• Intense gamma-ray source<br />
• Gamma-ray energies in the range from 1 to 5 MeV.<br />
• Detect practically all <strong>of</strong> the isotopes present in nuclear waste, based on nuclear<br />
resonance fluorescence method –suitable for express nuclear waste management<br />
• Crab-crossing scheme helps to reach gamma-beam intensity <strong>of</strong> up to 5E13 γ/s<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Laser Undulator Compact X-ray Source Facility (LUCX) at the<br />
Accelerator Test Facility (ATF), KEK<br />
50 MeV beam, trains with 100 bunches,<br />
bunch spacing <strong>of</strong> 2.8 ns,<br />
a maximum total charge <strong>of</strong> 250 nC<br />
multi-bunch electron linac mode-locked<br />
1064 nm laser<br />
Flux 1.2E5 photons/s<br />
A first step toward “Quantum beam project”<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> a <strong>compact</strong> X-ray source based on Compton scattering using a<br />
1.3 GHz superconducting RF accelerating linac <strong>and</strong> a new laser storage cavity, J.<br />
Urakawa, Nucl. Instr. <strong>and</strong> Meth. A (2010), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.019<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
S-b<strong>and</strong> linac-based X-ray source<br />
S-b<strong>and</strong> linac-based X-ray source with p/2-mode<br />
electron linac, A. Deshp<strong>and</strong>e, et al., Nucl. Instr. <strong>and</strong><br />
Meth. A (2010), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.023<br />
KEK- SAMEER (India) collaboration<br />
Side-coupled linac tube built at SAMEER, Society<br />
for Applied Microwave Electronic Engineering <strong>and</strong><br />
Research (SAMEER), India<br />
Aiming to develop a low-cost, high- performance tuneable X-ray source very useful for<br />
small research groups, small industry setups, <strong>and</strong> hospitals<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Compact coherent Compton EUV source<br />
<br />
<br />
Extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lithography at λ=13.5nm – strongest c<strong>and</strong>idate<br />
<strong>of</strong> the next generation processing <strong>of</strong> Large Scale Integration circuits<br />
FEL schemes are possible, but require ~GeV scale facilities<br />
Compact EUV source based on a laser Compton scattering between a 7<br />
MeV micro-bunched electron beam <strong>and</strong> a high-intensity CO2 laser pulse<br />
<br />
Severe condition for the average current <strong>and</strong> the optical undulator length<br />
may be eased by use <strong>of</strong> coherent effect, when the pre-bunched beam is<br />
applied to the laser Compton scheme<br />
S. Kashiwagi et al. / Radiation Physics <strong>and</strong> Chemistry 78 (2009) 1112–1115<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Compton X-ray source at Univ. <strong>of</strong> Tokyo<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
X-rays 10–40 keV for medical science,<br />
biology, <strong>and</strong> materials science<br />
Multi-bunch electron beam <strong>and</strong> a longpulse<br />
laser for higher flux<br />
<br />
<br />
Electron beam: 200 mA peak & 2 mA average<br />
under 10 Hz operation, multi-bunch (10 4<br />
bunches in 1 ms)<br />
Laser: energy 1.4 J, duration 10 ns at a<br />
wavelength <strong>of</strong> 532 nm.<br />
30 MeV X-b<strong>and</strong> (11.424 GHz) linac<br />
3.5-cell thermionic cathode RF-gun<br />
Have demonstrated the 2MeV electron<br />
beam generation from the RF-gun<br />
F. Sakamoto et al, Nuclear Instruments <strong>and</strong> Methods in<br />
Physics Research A 608 (2009) S36–S40<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
PEGASUS @ UCLA<br />
(Photoelectron Generated Amplified Spontaneous Radiation Source)<br />
Small university-size accelerator<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
1.6 cell S-b<strong>and</strong> photocathode gun<br />
located in the sub-basement <strong>of</strong> Knudsen Hall in the UCLA Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Physics <strong>and</strong> Astronomy<br />
Research in ultrafast beams, advanced beam<br />
manipulation <strong>and</strong> diagnostics techniques.<br />
J.B. Rosenzweig, et al<br />
Novel beam instrumentation, RF photo-injectors,<br />
ultrafast relativistic electron diffraction
PEGASUS @ UCLA<br />
Ultrafast relativistic electron diffraction<br />
Real time resolution <strong>of</strong> atomic motion<br />
Pulse length (100fs) comparable to time-scale <strong>of</strong> atomic<br />
<strong>and</strong> molecular motion<br />
De Broglie wavelength λ = h/p ~ 0.3 pm (for e- @ 5 MeV)<br />
Ultra relativistic beam easier to h<strong>and</strong>le space charge,<br />
larger bunch population <strong>and</strong> shorter bunch<br />
MeV electron diffraction<br />
from 200 nm Titanium foil<br />
J.B. Rosenzweig, et al<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
PEGASUS @ UCLA<br />
<br />
Ultrafast relativistic electron<br />
diffraction<br />
Real time resolution <strong>of</strong><br />
atomic motion<br />
RF streak camera approach<br />
true single-shot structural<br />
change studies<br />
Demonstration <strong>of</strong> sub 100fs<br />
time resolution<br />
<br />
5 fs time resolution possible<br />
RF streak camera based ultrafast relativistic electron diffraction, P. Musumeci, et al, Rev. Sci.<br />
Instr. 80, 013302 2009<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Time dependence <strong>of</strong> the position <strong>of</strong> the Al 111<br />
Bragg diffraction peak for beam with energy chirp
Tsinghua Univ Thomson scattering X-ray source<br />
Recently demonstrated single shot continuously timeresolved<br />
mode <strong>of</strong> operation for ultrafast electron diffraction<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Renkai Li, et al, Rev. Sci. Instr. 80, 083303 (2009)
S<strong>of</strong>t X-ray or THz source based on<br />
Coherent Diffraction Radiation<br />
LUCX facility at KEK<br />
Intensity depends on bunch population as N 3<br />
No need <strong>of</strong> a laser in this scheme<br />
A COMPACT SOFT X-RAY SOURCE BASED ON THOMSON SCATTERING OF COHERENT<br />
DIFFRACTION RADIATION, A. Aryshev et al, KEK, JAI, NPI Tomsk, Waseda Univ., PAC2010<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Quantum beam project Characteristic <strong>of</strong> proposed machine<br />
Compact (less than 10m) quasi-monochromatic (less than 1%)<br />
High Flux ( 100 times than Compact normal Linac X-ray:10 11 photons/sec 1% b.w.)<br />
High Brightness (10 17 photons/sec mrad 2 mm 2 0.1% b.w.)<br />
Ultra-short pulse X-ray (40 fs ~)<br />
J. Urakawa, Quantum Beam Project<br />
Key technology is<br />
SCRF <strong>acceleration</strong> technology<br />
Structural Nano-material Highly fine<br />
genetic analysis, evaluation, X-ray Imaging<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
77<br />
http://mml.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
J. Urakawa, Nucl. Instr. <strong>and</strong> Meth. A (2010), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.019
High-Intensity Compact X-ray Source<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
J. Urakawa, et al, Quantum Beam Project
High-Intensity Compact X-ray Source<br />
technology Present status Target Key points<br />
Electron<br />
source<br />
300 nC/pulse<br />
10,000nC/pulse<br />
(2008-2009)<br />
48,000 nC/pulse<br />
(2010-2012)<br />
Pulse laser, new photocathode,<br />
1 msec pulse<br />
length<br />
SC Cavity<br />
Pulsed laser<br />
storage<br />
Pulse: 25 MV/m<br />
CW: 12 MV/m<br />
Pulse: 30 MV/m<br />
CW: 20 MV/m<br />
Non-defect <strong>and</strong> clean<br />
surface, Precise electron<br />
beam welding, High<br />
precision forming, Noncontamination<br />
material<br />
0.5 mJ/pulse,<br />
Waist: 30 µm<br />
50 mJ/pulse,<br />
Waist: 8 µm<br />
4-mirror optical cavity<br />
Colliding<br />
control<br />
µm beam orbit<br />
control<br />
Sub- µm beam<br />
orbit control<br />
minimizing<br />
environmental effect,<br />
Fast feedback control<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
J. Urakawa, et al, Quantum Beam Project
Quantum beam Organization & Responsibility<br />
Compact <strong>and</strong> reliable Multi-beam Klystron R&D<br />
Committee for project<br />
evaluation<br />
High powwer RF<br />
Toshiba<br />
Compact Klystron<br />
Hiroshima U.<br />
Laser storage<br />
RF Gun<br />
Photo-cathode<br />
Main Institute<br />
KEK<br />
SC RF Accelerator development<br />
High stablle HV PS<br />
Hitachi<br />
DC High Voltage Source<br />
System design, Operation, Performance<br />
High stablle HV PS<br />
Measurement<br />
Education for young sientists<br />
Pullsed Laser Storage<br />
ATF, STF<br />
JAEA<br />
DC High Voltage PS<br />
High Quality <strong>and</strong> Intensity e- sourcePhoto-Cathode<br />
ERL Electron Source Device<br />
Waseda U.<br />
X-ray detector<br />
Laser Compton Exp.<br />
Compact Accelerator<br />
U. <strong>of</strong> Tokyo<br />
Photo-cathode<br />
Input coupler<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
J. Urakawa, et al, Quantum Beam Project
SRF Compact Light Sources @ 4K<br />
• Most existing SRF cavities require or benefit from 2K operation<br />
– Too complex for a University or small institution-based accelerator<br />
– Cryogenics is a strong cost driver for <strong>compact</strong> SRF linacs<br />
• Spoke cavities can operate at lower frequency<br />
– Lower frequency allows operation at 4K<br />
– No sub-atmospheric cryogenic system<br />
– Significant reduction in complexity<br />
Jean Delayen<br />
Center for Accelerator Science Old Dominion University<br />
And Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
SRF Compact Light Sources @ 4K<br />
Superconducting<br />
RF photoinjector<br />
operating at 300<br />
MHz <strong>and</strong> 4K<br />
RF amplifiers<br />
RF amp RF amp RF amp<br />
Bunch compression chicane<br />
Inverse Compton<br />
scattering<br />
30 kW beam<br />
dump<br />
1 MeV<br />
Electron beam <strong>of</strong> ~1 mA average<br />
current at 10-30 MeV<br />
8 m<br />
30 MeV<br />
Coherent enhancement<br />
cavity with Q=1000 giving<br />
5 MW cavity power<br />
5 kW cryo-cooled<br />
Yb:YAG drive<br />
laser<br />
X-ray<br />
beamline<br />
MIT CUBIX proposal<br />
Multi-institutional<br />
collaboration<br />
SRF Linac Parameters<br />
Energy gain [MeV] 25<br />
RF frequency [MHz] 352<br />
Average current [mA] 1<br />
Operating temperature [K] 4.2<br />
RF power [kW] 30<br />
Jean Delayen Center for Accelerator<br />
Science Old Dominion University <strong>and</strong> Thomas<br />
Jefferson National Accelerator Facility<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
W.S. Graves et al. / Nuclear Instruments <strong>and</strong> Methods in<br />
Physics Research A 608 (2009) S103–S105
Academia – Industry – Investor<br />
puzzle<br />
Front-end research aimed at fundamental scientific questions<br />
(<strong>of</strong>ten long term <strong>and</strong> not aimed at immediate results)<br />
Planning for commercially ready devices in foreseeable near future<br />
Optimization <strong>of</strong> investment portfolio versus risk/return factors<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Ultra <strong>compact</strong> Laser – Plasma <strong>light</strong> <strong>sources</strong><br />
Application <strong>of</strong> Laser Plasma Wakefield Accelerators for<br />
(I) generation <strong>of</strong> radiation in an undulator <strong>and</strong> (II) a FEL driven by a LPWA;<br />
up to 100 GeV/m<br />
accelerating<br />
gradients<br />
Likely near-term parameters<br />
Energy:<br />
few GeV<br />
∆E: ~1%<br />
σ x ~ 5 µm<br />
σ / x<br />
~ 1 mrad<br />
Bunch duration: ~ 10 fs<br />
Bunch charge:<br />
10-100 pC<br />
Repetition rate: few Hz<br />
In 2009-10 has developed OPALS proposal -- could constitute a very high peak<br />
brightness s<strong>of</strong>t x-rays facility that could be operated flexibly to respond quickly to<br />
new ideas <strong>and</strong> opportunities in the field.<br />
The L-P r&d may be a larger opportunity for the JAI <strong>and</strong> for the entire UK acc.<br />
science community with high potential for engagement <strong>of</strong> UK industry<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
W. P. Leemans, S. M. Hooker, et al, Nature Physics 2, 696 - 699 (2006)
Basis for stronger UK collaboration<br />
<strong>and</strong> coordination in Laser-Plasma<br />
Significant R&D efforts<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
...<br />
Central Laser Facility<br />
Strathclyde efforts<br />
Imperial College<br />
Oxford<br />
Opportunities to bring-in relevant expertise from<br />
<br />
<br />
Laser physics<br />
Accelerator physics<br />
Expertise built-up via design & operation <strong>of</strong> Diamond, Alice,<br />
design <strong>of</strong> NLS<br />
Possibilities for stronger engagement with industrial<br />
partners<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Industry & Innovations
Industry & Innovations<br />
JAI, <strong>and</strong> the entire UK accelerator science community, should find<br />
the ways that optimizes the path to innovations via patents,<br />
licensing <strong>and</strong> spin-outs, while minimising the obstacles for<br />
collaborative research work, which is a strength <strong>of</strong> academic <strong>and</strong><br />
national lab research approach<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Academia – Industry – Investor<br />
puzzle<br />
Laserbeam<br />
expertise<br />
Coherent<br />
radiation<br />
expertise<br />
A possible solution<br />
SC-RF<br />
Laser –<br />
expertise<br />
plasma<br />
expertise<br />
Compton<br />
X-ray<br />
source<br />
Thomson<br />
CDR<br />
x-ray source<br />
Brightest<br />
Compton<br />
x-ray src.<br />
Laserplasma<br />
Compact<br />
XFEL<br />
Lowest<br />
risk<br />
Low<br />
risk<br />
Moderate<br />
risk<br />
High risk<br />
high return<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Coherent efforts <strong>of</strong> Accelerator Science Institutes, centres in<br />
National Labs, <strong>and</strong> industry is essential
Accelerator Science Lab<br />
Research & training area<br />
Synergy <strong>of</strong> Accelerator Laser <strong>and</strong> Plasma<br />
Laser plasma accelerator<br />
Aimed to create ~0.5GeV e-beam & FEL<br />
Short electron linac<br />
For Compton <strong>and</strong> CDR source <strong>and</strong> e-diffraction<br />
The facility will be aimed at modern accelerator<br />
physics to the areas <strong>of</strong> high industrial impact <strong>of</strong><br />
accelerator science<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Accelerator Science Lab<br />
Electron accelerator & part Hardware from LIL (LEP Injector<br />
Linac) for JAI teaching/research accelerator – suggested by<br />
Emmanuel Tsesmelis (CERN)<br />
<br />
Develop detailed design for LIL hardware with Emmanuel Tsesmelis<br />
<strong>and</strong> Louis Rinolfi<br />
Team developing the proposal:<br />
Riccardo Bartolini, Grahame Blair, Stewart Boogert, Nicolas Bourgeois, Laura Corner,<br />
George Doucas, Simon Hooker, Pavel Karataev, Wing Lau, Peter Lau, Alexey Lyapin,<br />
Stephen Molloy, Armin Reichold, Andrei Seryi, Roman Walczak, Stephanie Yang (JAI),<br />
Emmanuel Tsesmelis, Louis Rinolfi (CERN), et al (please join the design efforts)<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Accelerator Science Lab<br />
Staged configuration <strong>of</strong> the Accelerator Science Lab<br />
electron<br />
Starting configuration: LIL e-gun plus buncher, 4.5MeV electron beam;<br />
Upgrade-1: 1m long structure, about 15MeV beam<br />
Upgrade-2: add LIL-native 4.5m long structure, giving about 50MeV beam<br />
laser-plasma<br />
Partial use <strong>of</strong> laser equipment from Clarendon lab<br />
Further upgrade <strong>of</strong> laser power, undulator, beam up to 1 GeV<br />
Tentative layout<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010
Accelerator Science Lab<br />
Training <strong>and</strong> research facility<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010<br />
Tentative layout<br />
Variety <strong>of</strong> accelerator science research opportunities<br />
Possibilities for inter-disciplinary research<br />
Bridge connecting academic research with industry
Summary<br />
Accelerator Science: key for discoveries in high energy physics<br />
Crucial source for many advances in biology, medicine, solid state<br />
physics, future energy production, <strong>and</strong> various other fields<br />
Interdisciplinary research on the boundaries <strong>of</strong> accelerator, laser,<br />
<strong>and</strong> plasma physics may revolutionize the entire l<strong>and</strong>scape<br />
Training <strong>of</strong> future accelerator scientists is crucial to ensure<br />
continuing progress in the field<br />
Research <strong>and</strong> training in the area <strong>of</strong> accelerator-laser-plasma give<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> science opportunities, possibilities for inter-disciplinary<br />
research & enhance connection <strong>of</strong> academic research with industry<br />
Dynamic research <strong>and</strong> training programme in accelerator science, at<br />
the forefront <strong>of</strong> national <strong>and</strong> international arena, is the aim <strong>of</strong> JAI<br />
A. Seryi, 9 th Nov 2010