2006;56;106-130 CA Cancer J Clin Smigal and Michael J. Thun ...

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Cancer Statistics, 2006 TABLE 12 Trends in Five-year Relative Survival Rates* (%) for Selected Cancers by Race and Year of Diagnosis, US, 1974 to 2001. Site 1974 to 1976 56% for patients diagnosed in 1974 to 1976 to 79% for those diagnosed in 1995 to 2001. 3 CANCER AROUND THE WORLD Relative Five-year Survival Rate (%) White African American All Races 1983 to 1985 1995 to 2001 1974 to 1976 All sites 51 54 66† 39 40 56† 50 53 65† Brain 22 26 33† 26 32 38† 22 27 33† Breast (female) 75 79 90† 63 64 76† 75 78 88† Colon 51 58 65† 46 49 55† 50 58 64† Esophagus 5 9 16† 4 6 10† 5 8 15† Hodgkin lymphoma 72 79 86† 69 78 80† 71 79 85† Kidney 52 56 65† 49 55 64† 52 56 65† Larynx 66 68 68 60 55 51 66 67 66 Leukemia 35 42 49† 31 34 38 34 41 48† Liver & bile duct 4 6 9† 1 4 5† 4 6 9† Lung & bronchus 13 14 16† 11 11 13† 12 14 15† Melanoma of the skin 81 85 92† 67‡ 74§ 76‡ 80 85 92† Multiple myeloma 24 27 32† 28 31 33 25 28 32† Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 48 54 61† 48 45 52 47 54 60† Oral cavity 55 56 62† 36 35 40 54 54 59† Ovary 37 40 44† 41 42 38 37 41 45† Pancreas 3 3 4† 3 5 4† 3 3 5† Prostate 68 76 100† 58 64 97† 67 75 100† Rectum 49 56 65† 42 44 56† 49 55 65† Stomach 15 16 21† 16 19 23† 15 17 23† Testis 79 91 96† 76‡ 88‡ 88 79 91 96† Thyroid 92 93 97† 88 91 95 92 93 97† Urinary bladder 74 78 83† 48 60 64† 73 78 82† Uterine cervix 70 71 75† 64 61 66 69 69 73† Uterine corpus 89 85 86† 62 55 62 88 83 84† *Survival rates are adjusted for normal life expectancy and are based on cases diagnosed from 1974 to 1976, 1983 to 1985, and 1995 to 2001, and followed through 2002. †The difference in rates between 1974 to 1976 and 1995 to 2001 is statistically significant (P0.05). ‡The standard error of the survival rate is between 5 and 10 percentage points. §The standard error of the survival rate is greater than 10 percentage points. Recent changes in classification of ovarian cancer, namely excluding borderline tumors, have affected 1995 to 2001 survival rates. Source: Ries LAG, Eisner MP, Kosary CL, et al. 3 Table 15 provides cancer death rates for 50 selected countries around the world for all sites combined and for 9 major sites, by sex. The highest lung cancer death rates are found in Hungary for men and in Denmark for women. China has the highest mortality rate for liver cancer in both men and women, 1983 to 1985 1995 to 2001 1974 to 1976 1983 to 1985 reflecting the high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus in that country. The death rate for cervical cancer in Zimbabwe (43.1 per 100,000) is about 20 times that in the United States (2.3 per 100,000) and more than 25 times the rate in Australia (1.7 per 100,000). LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES 1995 to 2001 Estimates of the expected numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths should be interpreted cautiously. These estimates may vary Downloaded from caonline.amcancersoc.org by guest on September 27, 2006 (©American Cancer Society, Inc.) 126 CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
CA Cancer J Clin 2006;56:106–130 TABLE 13 Fifteen Leading Causes of Death Among Children Ages 1 to 14, United States, 2003 * Rates are per 100,000 population and age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Note: Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding. Symptoms, signs, and abnormalities, events of undetermined intent, certain perinatal conditions, and pneumonitis due to solids and liquids were excluded from ranking order. Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tape, 2003, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006. TABLE 14 Trends in Five-year Relative Cancer Survival Rates* (%) for Children Under Age 15, US, 1974 to 2001 Five-year Relative Survival Rates (%) Year of Diagnosis Site 1974 to 1976 1977 to 1979 1980 to 1982 1983 to 1985 1986 to 1988 1989 to 1991 1995 to 2001 All sites 56 62 65 68 71 74 79† Acute lymphocytic leukemia 53 68 71 69 78 80 86† Acute myeloid leukemia 14 27‡ 25‡ 29‡ 33‡ 37 52† Bones & joints 55‡ 53‡ 54‡ 57‡ 63‡ 62 71† Brain & other nervous system 55 56 56 62 63 63 73† Hodgkin disease 78 83 91 90 90 94 95† Neuroblastoma 53 53 53 55 60 68 66† Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 45 50 61 71 70 75 86† Soft tissue 61 68 65 76 67 78 73† Wilms’ tumor 74 78 86 87 91 93 92† *Survival rates are adjusted for normal life expectancy and are based on follow-up of patients through 2002. †The difference in rates between 1974 to 1976 and 1995 to 2001 is statistically significant (P 0.05). ‡The standard error of the survival rate is between 5 and 10 percentage points. Note: “All sites” excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except urinary bladder. Downloaded from caonline.amcancersoc.org by guest on September 27, 2006 (©American Cancer Society, Inc.) Volume 56 Y Number 2 Y March/April 2006 127
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