2006;56;106-130 CA Cancer J Clin Smigal and Michael J. Thun ...

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Cancer Statistics, 2006 TABLE 10 Age-standardized Incidence and Death Rates* for Selected Cancers by Race and Ethnicity, US, 1998 to 2002 All Races White African American Asian American/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Hispanic- Latino† Incidence Rates All sites Male 553.3 556.4 682.6 383.5 255.4 420.7 Female 413.5 429.3 398.5 303.6 220.5 310.9 Breast (Female) 134.4 141.1 119.4 96.6 54.8 89.9 Colon & rectum Male 62.1 61.7 72.5 56.0 36.7 48.3 Female 46.0 45.3 56.0 39.7 32.2 32.3 Lung & bronchus Male 77.8 76.7 113.9 59.4 42.6 44.6 Female 48.9 51.1 55.2 28.3 23.6 23.3 Prostate 173.8 169.0 272.0 101.4 50.3 141.9 Stomach Male 12.3 10.7 17.7 21.0 15.9 17.2 Female 6.1 5.0 9.6 12.0 9.1 10.1 Liver & bile duct Male 9.3 7.4 12.1 21.4 8.7 14.1 Female 3.6 2.9 3.7 7.9 5.2 6.1 Uterine cervix 8.9 8.7 11.1 8.9 4.9 15.8 Death Rates All sites Male 247.5 242.5 339.4 148.0 159.7 171.4 Female 165.5 164.5 194.3 99.4 113.8 111.0 Breast (Female) 26.4 25.9 34.7 12.7 13.8 16.7 Colon & rectum Male 24.8 24.3 34.0 15.8 16.2 17.7 Female 17.4 16.8 24.1 10.6 11.8 11.6 Lung & bronchus Male 76.3 75.2 101.3 39.4 47.0 38.7 Female 40.9 41.8 39.9 18.8 27.1 14.8 Prostate 30.3 27.7 68.1 12.1 18.3 23.0 Stomach Male 6.3 5.6 12.8 11.2 7.3 9.5 Female 3.2 2.8 6.3 6.8 4.1 5.3 Liver & bile duct Male 6.8 6.2 9.5 15.4 7.9 10.7 Female 3.0 2.7 3.8 6.5 4.3 5.1 Uterine cervix 2.8 2.5 5.3 2.7 2.6 3.5 *Rates are per 100,000 and age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. †Hispanics-Latinos are not mutually exclusive from Whites, African Americans, Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives. Source: Ries LAG, Eisner MP, Kosary CL, et al. 3 Downloaded from caonline.amcancersoc.org by guest on September 27, 2006 (©American Cancer Society, Inc.) 122 CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
CA Cancer J Clin 2006;56:106–130 TABLE 11 Probability of Developing Invasive Cancers Within Selected Age Intervals, by Sex, US, 2000 to 2002* 70 and Birth to Birth to 39 40 to 59 60 to 69 Older Death (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) All sites† Male 1.43 (1 in 70) 8.57 (1 in 12) 16.46 (1 in 6) 39.61 (1 in 3) 45.67 (1 in 2) Female 1.99 (1 in 50) 9.06 (1 in 11) 10.54 (1 in 9) 26.72 (1 in 4) 38.09 (1 in 3) Urinary bladder Male .02 (1 in 4375) .40 (1 in 250) .93 (1 in 108) 3.35 (1 in 30) 3.58 (1 in 28) Female .01 (1 in 9513) .12 (1 in 816) .25 (1 in 402) .96 (1 in 104) 1.14 (1 in 88) Breast Female .48 (1 in 209) 4.11 (1 in 24) 3.82 (1 in 26) 7.13 (1 in 14) 13.22 (1 in 8) Colon & rectum Male .07 (1 in 1399) .90 (1 in 111) 1.66 (1 in 60) 4.94 (1 in 20) 5.84 (1 in 17) Female .06 (1 in 1567) .70 (1 in 143) 1.16 (1 in 86) 4.61 (1 in 22) 5.51 (1 in 18) Leukemia Male .15 (1 in 650) .22 (1 in 459) .35 (1 in 284) 1.17 (1 in 85) 1.50 (1 in 67) Female .13 (1 in 788) .14 (1 in 721) .19 (1 in 513) .78 (1 in 129) 1.07 (1 in 93) Lung & bronchus Male .03 (1 in 3244) 1.00 (1 in 100) 2.45 (1 in 41) 6.33 (1 in 16) 7.58 (1 in 13) Female .03 (1 in 3103) .80 (1 in 125) 1.68 (1 in 60) 4.17 (1 in 24) 5.72 (1 in 17) Melanoma of the skin Male .13 (1 in 800) .51 (1 in 195) .51 (1 in 195) 1.25 (1 in 80) 1.94 (1 in 52) Female .21 (1 in 470) .40 (1 in 248) .26 (1 in 381) .56 (1 in 178) 1.30 (1 in 77) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Male .14 (1 in 722) .47 (1 in 215) .56 (1 in 178) 1.57 (1 in 64) 2.18 (1 in 46) Female .09 (1 in 1158) .31 (1 in 320) .42 (1 in 237) 1.29 (1 in 77) 1.82 (1 in 55) Prostate Male .01 (1 in 10149) 2.66 (1 in 38) 7.19 (1 in 14) 14.51 (1 in 7) 17.93 (1 in 6) Uterine cervix Female .15 (1 in 657) .28 (1 in 353) .15 (1 in 671) .22 (1 in 464) .74 (1 in 135) Uterine corpus Female .06 (1 in 1641) .72 (1 in 139) .83 (1 in 120) 1.36 (1 in 74) 2.61 (1 in 38) *For those free of cancer at beginning of age interval. Based on cancer cases diagnosed during 2000 to 2002. The “1 in” statistic and the inverse of the percentage may not be equivalent due to rounding. †All sites excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ cancers except urinary bladder. Source: DevCan Software, Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version 6.0. Statistical Research and Applications Branch, National Cancer Institute, 2005. http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan. ferences in comorbidities. The extent to which these factors, individually or collectively, contribute to the overall differential survival is unclear. 16 However, recent findings suggest that African Americans who receive similar cancer treatment and medical care as Whites experience similar outcomes. 17 There have been notable improvements over time in relative five-year survival rates for many cancer sites and for all cancers combined (Table 12). This is true for both Whites and African Americans. However, 5-year relative survival is still very poor (less than 25%) for many cancers, including pancreas, liver, esophagus, lung, and stomach. Relative survival rates cannot be calculated for other racial and ethnic populations because accurate life expectancies are not available. However, based on cause-specific survival rates of cancer patients diagnosed from 1992 to 2000 in SEER areas of the United States, all minority populations, except Asian/Pacific Islander women, have a greater probability of dying from cancer within 5 years of diagnosis than non-Hispanic Whites after accounting for differences in age at diagnosis. 18,19 For the four major cancer sites (prostate, female breast, lung and bronchus, and colon and rectum), minority populations are more likely to be diagnosed at distant stage, compared with non-Hispanic Whites. 19 CANCER IN CHILDREN Cancer is the second leading cause of death among children between the ages of 1 and 14 years in the United States; accidents are the most frequent cause of death in this age group (Table 13). The most common cancers in children (0 to 14 years) are leukemia (particularly acute lymphocytic leukemia), cancer of the brain and other nervous system, soft tissue sarcomas, non- Hodgkin Lymphoma, and renal (Wilms) tumors. 3 Over the past 25 years, there have been significant improvements in the 5-year relative survival rate for many childhood cancers (Table 14). The 5-year relative survival rate among children for all cancer sites combined improved from Downloaded from caonline.amcancersoc.org by guest on September 27, 2006 (©American Cancer Society, Inc.) Volume 56 Y Number 2 Y March/April 2006 123
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