2006;56;106-130 CA Cancer J Clin Smigal and Michael J. Thun ...

Cancer Statistics, 2006
TABLE 5 Trends in Cancer Incidence and Death Rates for Selected Cancers by Sex, US, 1975 to 2002
Line Segment 1 Line Segment 2 Line Segment 3 Line Segment 4
Year APC* Year APC* Year APC* Year APC*
All sites
Incidence
Male and female 1975–1983 0.9† 1983–1992 1.8† 1992–1995 -1.7 1995–2002 0.3
Male 1975–1989 1.3† 1989–1992 5.2† 1992–1995 -4.7† 1995–2002 0.2
Female 1975–1979 -0.2 1979–1987 1.5† 1987–2002 0.3†
Death
Male and female 1975–1990 0.5† 1990–1993 -0.3 1993–2002 -1.1†
Male 1975–1979 1.0† 1979–1990 0.3† 1990–1993 -0.4 1993–2002 -1.5†
Female 1975–1992 0.5† 1992–2002 -0.8†
Lung & bronchus
Incidence
Male and female 1975–1982 2.5† 1982–1991 1.0† 1991–2002 -0.7†
Male 1975–1982 1.5† 1982–1991 -0.4 1991–2002 -1.8†
Female 1975–1982 5.5† 1982–1990 3.5† 1990–1998 1.0† 1998–2002 -0.5
Death
Male and female 1975–1980 3.0† 1980–1990 1.8† 1990–1994 -0.1 1994–2002 -0.9†
Male 1975–1978 2.4† 1978–1984 1.2† 1984–1991 0.3† 1991–2002 -1.9†
Female 1975–1982 6.0† 1982–1990 4.2† 1990–1995 1.7† 1995–2002 0.3†
Colon & rectum
Incidence
Male and female 1975–1985 0.8† 1985–1995 -1.8† 1995–1998 1.1 1998–2002 -1.8†
Male 1975–1986 1.1† 1986–1995 -2.1† 1995–1998 1.0 1998–2002 -2.5†
Female 1975–1985 0.3† 1985–1995 -1.8† 1995–1998 1.5 1998–2002 -1.5†
Death
Male and female 1975–1984 -0.5† 1984–2002 -1.8†
Male 1975–1978 0.8 1978–1984 -0.4 1984–1990 -1.3† 1990–2002 -2.0†
Female 1975–1984 -1.0† 1984–2002 -1.8†
Female breast
Incidence 1975–1980 -0.4 1980–1987 3.7† 1987–2002 0.4†
Death 1975–1990 0.4† 1990–2002 -2.3†
Prostate
Incidence 1975–1988 2.6† 1988–1992 16.5† 1992–1995 -11.2† 1995–2002 1.7†
Death 1975–1987 0.9† 1987–1991 3.1† 1991–1994 -0.6 1994–2002 -4.0†
*APC, annual percent change based on rates age-adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
†The APC is significantly different from zero.
Note: Trends were analyzed by Joinpoint Regression Program, version 3.0, with a maximum of three joinpoints (ie, four line segments).
Trends in incidence are based on rates adjusted for delay in reporting.
Source: Ries LAG, Eisner MP, Kosary CL, et al. 3
leading cause of cancer death in women in 1987.
Lung cancer is expected to account for 26% of all
cancer deaths among females in 2006. Table 3
provides the estimated number of cancer deaths
in 2006 by state for selected cancer sites.
Regional Variations in Cancer Rates
Table 4 depicts cancer incidence for select
cancers by state. Rates vary widely across states.
For example, among the cancers listed in
Table 4, the largest variation in the incidence
rates (in proportionate terms) occurred in
lung cancer in which rates (cases per 100,000
population) ranged from 42.3 in men and
21.5 in women in Utah to 138.2 in men and
72.3 in women in Kentucky. In contrast, the
variation in female breast cancer incidence
rates was small, ranging from 116.6 cases per
100,000 populations in New Mexico to
149.5 cases in Washington. Factors that contribute
to the state variations in the incidence
rates include differences in the prevalence of
risk factors, access to and utilization of early
detection services, and completeness of reporting.
For example, the state variation in
lung cancer incidence rates reflects differences
in smoking prevalence; Utah ranks
lowest in adult smoking prevalence and Kentucky
highest.
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116 CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians