The Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Girls - UNFPA

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Kosovar women have debated about how to organize and improve work on gender issues. Some say that mechanisms like a Women’s Department or some kind <strong>of</strong> a gender unit is necessary to follow up on equal opportunity programmes. Others say that such units will marginalize women. <strong>The</strong>y think gender perspectives should be implemented into all policies and followed up within each area <strong>of</strong> concern, without special mechanisms or provisions. It does not seem to be a question <strong>of</strong> either option, but the integration <strong>of</strong> both. <strong>The</strong>re must be strong, effective mechanisms at work for Governments and municipalities to develop and follow-up gender policies. This is what can be learned from more than 30 years <strong>of</strong> experience on equal opportunity programmes in Nordic countries. <strong>The</strong>se programmes have been successful, and effective instruments were created. Some institution must be responsible for the equal opportunity programmes, based on legislation and planned actions. Someone must take initiative in policy-making, raise issues and secure cooperation with the entire administration and civil society. At the same time, gender policies must be mainstreamed into all activities and programmes, in all places, at all times. Finally, the women’s movement and other bodies working on equal rights and opportunities for women and men must be integral to the whole process. Future Strategies for the Peacekeeping Missions Among the lessons learned from the Peacekeeping Mission in Kosovo and the work on gender issues are the following: • All international staff members, regardless <strong>of</strong> origin, must be gender sensitized and trained in gender analyses. This training must be well organized and take place at the beginning <strong>of</strong> the mission. It should contain an introduction to United Nations policies on gender-mainstreaming and the basic United Nations documents on the human rights <strong>of</strong> women, and address the situation <strong>of</strong> women in the country <strong>of</strong> concern. Follow-up sessions after a few months <strong>of</strong> experience in the field should be required; • All programmes must be developed from a gender perspective and include gender analyses; • All agencies must develop equal opportunity programmes for their work, including policies for the hiring <strong>of</strong> staff members; • If applicable, all agencies must appoint Gender Focal Points to follow up on their gender policies and mainstreaming work within the agency; • All agencies must stress the gathering <strong>of</strong> sex-disaggregated data and information from the outset <strong>of</strong> their work in the mission; 98
• All agencies should have institutional mechanisms to promote the empowerment <strong>of</strong> women in their field <strong>of</strong> work. Campaigns must be launched to introduce the United Nations Beijing Platform for Action, the Beijing +5 Platform for Action and United Nations Resolution 1325 in the area <strong>of</strong> concern; • United Nations organizations and agencies need to improve their cooperation and sharing <strong>of</strong> information through regular meetings. <strong>The</strong>y should develop programmes together and use the available expertise as effectively as possible; and • All agencies must involve local women in all fields <strong>of</strong> their work, and investigate and explore their needs, which entails listening to the women and supporting their demands for equal representation and participation in decision-making as they shape the future <strong>of</strong> their own country. Lessons Learned on Reproductive Health For detailed recommendations on perinatal health in Kosovo see: Perinatal Health Care Situation in Kosovo: Past, Present and Future (2001). 91 • <strong>The</strong> media can and must be used in a successful way in sex education and to inform people about reproductive health and reproductive rights; • It is necessary to concentrate on local politicians, both men and women, to make them aware <strong>of</strong> the importance <strong>of</strong> women’s reproductive health and reproductive rights and to develop legislation and policies supporting the rights <strong>of</strong> women. In particular, it is the politicians who make decisions on building up health-care services for women, young people and sex education in schools; • It is important to raise awareness and build partnerships among local women’s NGOs on the reproductive rights <strong>of</strong> women for their support in running campaigns, and to educate women and young people. Seminars, workshops and training sessions should be organized in cooperation with local and international NGOs; • It is necessary to initiate discussions among the public about the issues <strong>of</strong> reproductive health with conferences, workshops and seminars, bearing in mind how sensitive these issues are in most societies; • More support is needed from donors to develop the above-mentioned programmes. Better reproductive health for women is crucial in fighting 91 Report <strong>of</strong> a Consultancy for UNFPA Mission to Kosovo, April 23 - June 15, 2001, pp. 1-2. 99
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A UNFPA Strategy for Gender Mainstr
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FOREWORD The natur
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword List <st
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
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PART I. CONSULTATIVE MEETING INTROD
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BACKGROUND Women and girls constitu
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information should include document
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BACKGROUND PAPER SUMMARIES Backgrou
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NGOs feel they have the right to wi
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includes the physical, sexual and e
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services to women and by organizing
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parties, including national and int
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WORKING GROUP REPORTS Working Group
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2) Provide technical assistance on
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4) Provide reproductive supplies an
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Report of Working
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2) Advocacy: Problem: • Insuffici
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• Support, for perpetrators <stro
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Report of Working
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population groups can be disrupted
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• Implementation, monitoring and
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Report of Working
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• Build advocacy skills, networki
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• Coordinate and promote cooperat
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PART II. BACKGROUND PAPERS THE IMPA
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isolation and brings into the analy
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Target Groups Women Women and child
Page 55 and 56: Approaches The Def
Page 57 and 58: and take necessary steps to overcom
Page 59 and 60: Refugees must be involved in defini
Page 61 and 62: Sexually Transmitted Infections and
Page 63 and 64: Return and Reintegration In additio
Page 65 and 66: This will involve much more than th
Page 67 and 68: • Greater attention should be giv
Page 69 and 70: Post-conflict regions have not effe
Page 71 and 72: “Although the particular forms <s
Page 73 and 74: A major premise of
Page 75 and 76: participate refused. 15 In the surv
Page 77 and 78: problems. These SO
Page 79 and 80: community. It could destroy a victi
Page 81 and 82: and Herzegovina. The</stron
Page 83 and 84: IPTF operates geographically throug
Page 85 and 86: WOMEN AND GIRLS IN KOSOVO: THE EFFE
Page 87 and 88: More than two years have passed. On
Page 89 and 90: young girls to attend school, among
Page 91 and 92: to different cultural attitudes tow
Page 93 and 94: opportunities as a result o
Page 95 and 96: average rate of 2.
Page 97 and 98: strict rules and have punished thei
Page 99 and 100: One of the issues
Page 101 and 102: difficult issues such as the budget
Page 103 and 104: Legislative reforms are needed in m
Page 105: Transitional Council and convinced
Page 109 and 110: insecurity about the future, unempl
Page 111 and 112: Walking the painful path of
Page 113 and 114: decide to return to their husband
Page 115 and 116: Crises usually affect more women th
Page 117 and 118: • Establishing communication chan
Page 119 and 120: • Supporting grass-roots women’
Page 121 and 122: Women and men have different approa
Page 123 and 124: organized meetings to promote recon
Page 125 and 126: Recommendations Post-conflict socie
Page 127 and 128: 7. Presentation and discussion <str
Page 129 and 130: The Role o
Page 131 and 132: Working Group Three: The</s
Page 133 and 134: Country/City Participant Agency Spe
Page 135 and 136: Kyrgyzstan Bernara Alimbaeva Nepal
Page 137 and 138: New York Mohammad Nizamuddin UNFPA-
Page 139 and 140: United Kingdom Sippi Azerbaijani- M
Page 141 and 142: John Snow International Research an
Page 143 and 144: UNFPA: Pamela DeLargy, Emergency an
Page 145 and 146: ANNEX 5: MINIMUM INITIAL SERVICE PA
Page 147 and 148: • Staff trained and sensitized on
Page 149: 220 East 42nd Street New York, NY 1
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