REDD and A/R CDM: Experiences in the Philippines p pp - pcaarrd

REDD and A/R CDM:
Experiences in the Philippines
Anthony C.T.M. Foronda
Science Research Specialist
Environmental Services Cluster Coordinator
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural
Resources Research and Development
ASEAN Knowledge Network on Forests and Climate Change
Jakarta Indonesia
Jakarta, Indonesia
30 October 2008

Outline
• Background
• In the REDD
• CDM overview
• Issues and concerns
• Recommendations

Background
• 6.5 Mha forest cover in
• 0.7Mha forest cover in
15.8Mha forest land
14.2Mha A&D
Source e: Forest Ma anagement
Bureau, 20 005
Share of Forest Type in Forestland
3.52
Share of Forest Types in A&D Land
0.15
0.28 0.08
0.09
2.48
Closed forest Open forest Plantations Mangrove
0.05
0.52
Closed forest Open forest Plantations Mangrove

Background
8 th in the top countries emitting
carbon from forest from 2000 to
2005 (49.6 MtC/yr) and third
among ASEAN countries
35%
22%
2.7 B tC
released to
the
19%
atmosphere
- Lasco and Pulhin
Adapted from Environmental Science for Social Change, 1999

Background
Source: Pulhin, 2008

In the REDD
• The Forest Management Bureau
lobbied for the inclusion of efforts in
REDD during UNFCCC in Bali
• The Bureau made representation ese in
a workshop on methodological
issues in June 2008

REDD Review
Potentials
Issues
• Conserve 7.2Mha of forest • Still in the negotiation
• Store 1.6B tC*
table
• Reduce CO2 emission
• Discussions and
• Reduce emissions costeffectively
agreements need to be
mainstreamed to all
stakeholders including
• Address some of the roots
state research institutions
of deforestation
• Policies need to be
enhanced to facilitate
incentives from new
modality
• Need to be under
framework of sustainable
development

CDM Overview
• DNA = Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
• TEC A/R = Forest Management
Bureau ueau
• Only one proposal was evaluated

Laguna de Bay Community Carbon
Finance Project
CDM Case 1

Case Overview
• Laguna de Bay Community Carbon
Finance Project (Carbonshed Project)
• Trust Fund for Climate Change Initiatives
• Develop CDM projects
• 1 out of 17 projects identified is on
reforestation
• 70 ha in the Pagsanjan-Lumban micro-
watershed
• TEC provided comments for consideration

Case Overview
• Finance small-scale carbon offsetting
projects
• WB purchases C credits
• Grant was signed between WB and
LLDA in July 2004

Objectives
• Capacity building
• Pilot environmentally beneficial
projects with C offsetting potential
• Prepare projects which emission
• Prepare projects which emission
reduction credits could be purchased

Eligibility
• CDM compliant
• Sustainable development
Sustainable development
conforming

Eligible Sub-Projects
• Solid waste management
• Composting
• Waste water treatment
• Biogas
• Aerobic
• Erosion control
• Upland reforestation and/or
afforestation

ID CDM-eligible projects
Sign MOA
“Intent to Purchase
and Sell VERs”
PDD or PAD
Monitoring, validation,
and verification
of emissions
reductions
by TEC
Sign sub-project
ERPA
DNA
reviews/approves
document
Payment to project proponents

A/R Carbon Credits
2014
• High: 3,204 tC; Low: 1,424 tC
• Buyer: World Bank
• Seller: Municipal of Tanay and LLDA

CDM Case 2
• Sierra Madre
• Conservation International-led
• AR-AM0004 methodology: A/R of land
under agricultural use
• Community-based approach
• 5.5K ha reforestation
• 2K ha agroforestry: 235KtC potential
• PDD is being prepared

A/R Carbon Credits
After 30 years
• 512,000 tC

CDM Case 3
• Afforestation in Nueva Vizcaya
• Kalahan Educational Foundation-led
• Community-based approach
• 900 ha of grasslands
• PDD is being prepared

A/R Carbon Credits
• 80K tC high potential; 13K tC low
potential

CDM Project Cycle
Process
Project identification
Development of PDD
Approval
Validation
Registration
Implementation & Monitoring
Estimated time
required
12-24 months
6 weeks
1 month
2 months
During project
life-time
Implementer
Project developer
Project developer
National Authority
Operational Entity
CDM Executive Board
Project developer
Verification &Certification
CER issuance
2 weeks Operational Entity
CDM Executive Board
Source: Lasco, 2008

CDM Review
Potentials
Issues
• Reforest 4.6Mha and
• High transaction cost
afforest 3.5Mha degraded (>US$100K)
lands
• Credits not sufficient to cover
project cost
• 138 to 607 M tC credits*
• Long process duration (2-3
• Transfer of climatefriendly
years)
technologies
• Transitional measure
towards low carbon
society
• Stronger or new
partnership
• New social investment for
communities
• Complicated A/R procedures
• Dearth of A/R projects as
model
• Few local people capable to
assist in A/R CDM
• Not sure there would be a
buyer of credit? After 2012?
• Involvement only of a state
research institution

Recommendations
• Issues in CDM should not recur in REDD; why
complicate carbon-friendly modality?
• Verify how current forest institutional
arrangements could maximize i benefits for
community forest stewards from these
modalities
• Mainstream A/R CDM and REDD topics at local,
national, and regional levels inclusive of state
research institutions
• Strengthen capabilities on project development,
monitoring, verification, and negotiations
ESPECIALLY local community organizations
inclusive of state research institutions

Conclusion
• REDD is still fragile
• CDM is hard
• Both modalities are promising
• State research institutions lag in looking
into these
• CGIAR research institutions could
strengthen state research institutions’
capabilities
• Need more concerted actions

Maraming salamat!
a.foronda@pcarrd.dost.gov.ph
p

References
Acosta, R., 2008. National Forest Assessment and REDD: Philippines i presentation, FAO side event, 10
June 2008.
Forest Management Bureau, 2005. Forest cover within Forest lands, Philippine Forestry Statistics,
Quezon City.
Forest Management Bureau, 2008. Pursuing SFM Initiatives: A continuing FMB commitment
(http://forestry.denr.gov.ph/FMBAccompAtienza.htm) 8 October 2008.
Laguna Lake Development Authority, 2008. Laguna de Bay Community Carbon Finance Project:
Carbonshed project (http://www.llda.gov.ph/carbonshed.htm) 8 October 2008.
Lasco, R., 2008. “CDM and Forestry Projects in the Philippines.” Presentation during a Training on
Assessing Carbon in Forest Ecosystems, PCARRD, 20 October 2008.
Lasco, R. and F. Pulhin, 2006. Community Forest Management Carbon Mitigation Projects in the
Philippines, World Agroforestry, 38 p.
Murray, B., 2008. “Leakage from Avoided Deforestation Compensation Policy: Concepts, empirical
evidence, and corrective policy options.” Palmer, C. and S. Engle (eds), Avoided Deforestation:
Prospects for mitigating climate change, Routledge.
Pulhin, J., 2008. “Forest Carbon and Upland Livelihoods: Enhancing the Philippines’ CBFM progeram
through the CDM”, Presentation in Training Course for the Promotion of the A/R through CDM
projects, UPLB-CFNR, 8-10 October 2008.
Schoene, D., 2003. “Capacity Building for Asia”, Regional Workshop on Forests and Climate Change:
Preparing for decisions on land use and forestry at COP9, Traders Hotel, Manila, PHILIPPINES, 16-
17 October 2003.
Srinivasan, A., n.d. “Integrated Capacity Strengthening for the Clean Development Mechanism:
Experiences and outlook,”
(http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/148/attach/S2-4-Ancha-Srinivasan.pdf) 8
October 2008.
Villamor, G. and R. Lasco, 2006. “The Ikalahan ancestral domain, the Philippines” In: Murdiyarso D
and Skutsch M, (eds). Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case
Studies. Bogor, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR . p. 43-50.