“Alternative Energy for the Food Industry” - pcaarrd - Department of ...

ISO 9001:2000
PCARRD ISSN 0116-9491
FARMNEWS
Published quarterly by the PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE,
FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(PCARRD), Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Volume XXXIV No. 1, January–March 2009
“Alternative Energy
for the Food Industry”
“Serving the needs of the Filipino farmers is our concern”

This issue
From the Editorial Team
Alternative energy resources for the food
Technologies
industry 2
6715 Biofuel law should not sacrifice food
nor energy security 3
6716 Aklan researchers produce diesel additives
from waste fats and oils 5
6717 Plant oil cookstove: an environmentfriendly
Yari Ko Ito!
technology 7
6718 A farmer’s passion sweetens smell of
Saka Iskwela
biogas 10
6719 MMSU sets trend in charcoal making 13
Negosyo Bro
6720 PCARRD TechnoMart highlights alternative
energy for the food industry 17
Sa labas na ito
Mga Balitang Pambukid
Teknolohiya
6721 Enerhiya at pagkain magkasinghalaga
ayon sa PCARRD 20
6722 “Diesel additives” mula sa mga patapong
mantika ng hayop at langis ng
gulay 23
6723 “Plant cook oil stove”: makakalikasang
teknolohiya 25
Yari Ko Ito!
6724 Ang Magsasaka Siyentista ng Davao at
ang kanyang “biogas digester” 28
Saka Iskwela
6725 Bagong pamamaraan at materyales sa
paggawa ng uling mula sa kawayan
ipinakita ng Mariano Marcos
State University 31
Negosyo Bro
6726 Panghaliling enerhiya para sa industriya ng
pagkain binigyang pansin ng
TechnoMart 34

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From the Editorial Team
Alternative energy resources for the food industry
The food industry is heavily dependent on energy. The various
energy-related aspects of food processing and packaging, such
as food preparation, sterilization, and refrigeration consume much
energy. The food industry, therefore, is one sector most adversely
affected by the turmoil in the energy market. With this problem, food
manufacturers experienced a dramatic increase in energy cost to the
detriment of the consumers who in most cases have to shoulder
this cost.
To combat rising energy expenses, and as an act of good
citizenship in the corporate world, food manufacturers have to operate
using alternative energy and renewable sources. This will lessen
their operational costs and will make them more credible among
environmental groups, a critical advantage in the highly competitive
food business especially in the global market. Today, energy concern
is no longer viewed as an optional task in business operations. The
use of renewable and alternative sources of energy has become a
primordial concern.
With PCARRD’s main goal of becoming an effective science and
technology leader in the agriculture, forestry and natural resources
sectors, it seeks to assist industries akin to these sectors, most
especially the small and medium enterprises engaged in food
production.
The theme “Alternative Energy Resources for the Food Industry”
seeks to present important technologies on the use of alternative
energy. PCARRD hopes that this issue of the Farmnews will empower
small and medium enterprises in the production of affordable quality
food commodities to the greater benefit of Filipino consumers and
contribute to the government’s goal of attaining food sufficiency.

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TECHNOLOGIES
Biofuel law should not sacrifice
food nor energy security
Policymakers are at loggerheads on food/energy security concerns
relative to the implementation of the Biofuels Act of 2006, the law
calculated to lessen the country’s dependence on fossil fuel.
With the mandate that oil companies will have to blend an
increasing quantity of biofuels into fuels sold in the market, after
a two and four years successive period from the effectivity of the
Act, the government is faced with a major concern—the source of
feedstocks.
Since coconut and jatropha are the potential sources of feedstocks
for biodiesel, while sugarcane, cassava, and sweet sorghum are
the prospective crops for bioethanol, feedstock production triggers
issue on whether the country’s arable land could be compromised
to prioritize energy security.
Viewing the issues in even scale, the Los Baños-based Philippine
Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research
and Development of the Department of Science and Technology
(PCARRD-DOST) said that neither food nor energy should be
compromised.
As it spearheads the implementation of the National Biofuels
Program (NBP), where the production of feedstocks is primordial,

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PCARRD, together with the science and technology (S&T) community,
ensures that only areas not devoted to the cultivation of food crops
are targeted for the purpose.
With the required production area of around 2.123 million (M)
hectares, the program implementors focus on marginal areas not
devoted for food crops cultivation, such as degraded grasslands,
denuded uplands, lahar-affected areas, and mined waste areas for
jatropha, while areas where rice, corn, and sugar cannot be productive
because of limiting irrigation water, as well as rainfed rice areas, are
being considered for sweet sorghum.
To bolster its equal priority stance, PCARRD said that there is
a need to develop or concentrate biofuel crops in agroecosystems
where they can best perform without compromising the country’s
food requirements. Towards this end, production systems that
integrate jatropha in agroforestry and agricultural systems such as
in coconut and hilly lands are also being explored under the NBP.
(Ricardo R. Argana, S&T Service)
# # #
PFN No. 6715 January-–March 2009

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Aklan researchers produce diesel additives
from waste fats and oils
Waste products of meat processing plants and food servers
such as used animal fats and vegetable oils can be converted into
biodiesel based on a study conducted by researchers of the Aklan
State University (ASU).
The product is a clear liquid without unpleasant smell with the
same properties as mineral fossil diesel oil.
Biodiesel may be used in a standard combustion engine without
modifications and may also be blended with petroleum diesel to
improve its quality.
ASU researchers said that engine fueled by a mixture of 80
percent petroleum diesel and 20 percent biodiesel had lesser smoke
emissions and lower engine noise compared to that fueled by pure
petroleum diesel.
Previous studies by the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST), National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR) and Philippine
National Oil Company (PNOC)-Energy Development Corporation
showed that biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats could
match, if not surpass, petroleum diesel in terms of engine performance
and lifespan.
The problem of disposing the estimated 2,000 kilograms of
waste animal fats and oils produced by meat product manufacturers
and food servers in Kalibo, Aklan and Boracay Island every month
motivated the ASU researchers to conduct the study.
Biodiesel does not only provide a source of sustainable energy
but also ensures a sustainable environment because it is renewable
or recyclable.

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This research was presented and evaluated by the Philippine
Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research
and Development (PCARRD), among other evaluators, during the
Western Visayas Agriculture Resources Research and Development
Consortium Research and Development Symposium. (Bianca Z. Ferrer,
S&T Media Service)
# # #
PFN No. 6716 January-–March 2009
Source:
Ferrer, Bianca Z. “Aklan researchers produce diesel
additives from waste fats and oils.” (S&T Media Service,
Press Release No. 05, 2009).

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Plant oil cookstove: an environment-friendly technology
The environment has gotten itself a new ally, this time in abating
the intense heat and smoke from the millions of cook stoves. Thanks
to Protos – the cook stove powered by plant oil and the most recent
environment-friendly technology in cooking devices.
Clean, safe and environment-friendly, “Protos” is a better
alternative to existing cook stoves, which use fossil-based fuel. It
is even far better than the traditional three-stone fireplace that uses
firewood.
The use of firewood-powered stoves depletes forest resources
and consequently leads to ecological disasters like erosion and
flooding. Smoke from burning firewood causes eye and lung diseases
in humans and aggravates air pollution problems. On the other hand,
fossil-based fueled-cook stoves emit high levels of carbon monoxide,
a chemical that harms the environment. More so, to majority of the
Filipino poor, this type of cook stove is unaffordable.
Experts from Visayas State University (VSU) led by Dr. Roberto
C. Guarte developed, optimized, and evaluated “protos,” through
the funding support of the BSH Bosch and Siemens Home Appliances
Group of Munich, Germany.
The stove consists of a tank, pump, frame, valve, fuel line, and a
vaporizer originally made at the University of Hohenheim and acquired
by BSH Group in Germany.
Reports provided to the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry,
and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) show
that “protos” performs well using different types of fossil-based fuel
and plant oil. Despite its versatility, Guarte suggested the use of
plant oil such as coconut oil because it emits lower carbon monoxide

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and is a natural source of renewable energy. Aside from coconut
palm, other suitable plants are sunflower, castor, corn, soybean,
and jatropha.
Cooperators from 100 household in selected areas in Leyte attest
to the stove’s satisfactory performance. The cooperators consumed
an average of 11.64 liters per month at a daily cooking time of
1.53 hours. The six small restaurants at the VSU market, which also
served as project operators, had average monthly oil consumption
of about 28 liters per month at an average daily cooking time of
5.24 hours.
Generally, its overall performance is almost the same as gas stove
and much better than other local stoves in terms of cost of operation,
safety, carbon monoxide emission, and sustainability.
The VSU engineering workshop produces 1,500 units of plant
oil cook stove per year in coordination with BSH Group in Germany.

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The university established a complete production line to ensure
sustainable production of the plant oil cookstove for marketing and
distribution in Region 8.
By expanding its production to cooperatives, this project will
help create jobs in the rural areas, provide income to the poor,
and cooperatives with additional profits, hence bringing not only
environmental, but also economic and social benefits. (Ofelia F.
Domingo, S&T Media Service)
# # #
PFN No. 6717 January–March 2009
Source:
Domingo, Ofelia F. “Plant oil cook stove: an environmentfriendly
technology.” (S&T Media Service, Press Release
No. 20, 2009).

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YARI KO ITO !
A farmer’s passion sweetens smell of biogas
Controlling the odor
from pigpens, if not
totally eliminating it,
has been the challenge
for many swine raisers,
especially in urban
areas.
P C A R R D ’ s
Magsasaka-Siyentista
(MS) Felimon ‘Boy’
Santander from Mandug,
Davao City, a swine
raiser and a biogas
advocate, has come up
with an alternative and
environment-friendly
farming technology to
combat this problem.
Problem no more
M S S a n t a n d e r
constructed his own
Above: MS
Santander speaks
about his modified
biogas technology
during the 1st
Biogas Techno
Caravan in Davao
del Norte.
Left: MS
Santander’s biogas
digester in his
backyard.

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modified biogas digester in his backyard in 1995. It eliminated the
unpleasant odor coming from the pigpen, at the same time provided
a free source of cooking gas. He also started to promote biogas
and provide free fuel to his neighbors. Consequently, other pigpen
owners requested Santander’s assistance in constructing their own
biogas digester.
MS Santander’s modified digester’s features are simple. It uses
concrete materials and ranges from 2 cubic meters to 20 cubic
meters. Through his modified biogas digester, Santander has proven
that biogas technology can also be used in small-scale, backyard
pigpens.
From hobby to money
MS Santander, a political science graduate, was a Sangguniang
Bayan technical staff for eight years. During those years, swine
raising was his hobby and source of additional income. With the
Cookstove fueled by biogas.

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need to have ends meet, he made the hobby a full time source of
income in 1997.
Continuing advocacy
Santander’s skills in constructing a modified biogas digester
gained prominence not only in Davao City but also in Davao del
Sur, Compostela Valley Province, Davao del Norte, Bukidnon,
Capiz, and in other parts of the country. He did this by conducting
technology clinics and fora through the help of Southern Mindanao
Agriculture and Resources Research and Development Consortium
(SMARRDEC). Further, he advocated for agri-waste management and
sludge utilization from biogas as organic fertilizer with SMARRDEC
and B-Meg Philippines. Santander also founded the Mandug Peoples’
Cooperative with his neighbors who established their own pigpens
and went into biogas technology as members.
At the recently concluded 8 th Philippine Food Expo held at the SM
Megamall Trade Hall in Pasig City, Santander’s biogas digester was
also showcased through the auspices of SMARRDEC and PCARRD.
(Vanessa G. Villegas and Lorelyn A. Poblete with reports from Noel
Provido and Jocelyn A. Amarante, S&T Media Service)
# # #
PFN No. 6718 January–March 2009
Source:
Villegas, Vanessa G.; Poblete, Lorelyn A.; Provido, Noel T.;
and Amarante, Jocelyn A. “From stench to sweet-smelling
success: A farmer’s passion for biogas technology.”
PCARRD Monitor 35(2):8-9,15 April-June 2007.

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SAKA ISKWELA
MMSU sets trend in charcoal making
Mariano Marco State University (MMSU) researchers set new
trend in charcoal making fashioning to their utmost importance the
once worthless bamboo wastes and rice hull abandoned in the fields
of the countryside.
With this technology, tons of bamboo wastes and rice hull, instead
of being an eyesore, will now be a source of income. And more! It
will provide good use for wastewater from chichacorn (crispy fried
corn kernels) production, a possible environmental hazard especially
for water sources.
Burning kawayan charcoal briquette.

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Chichacorn effluent which are abundant in some areas like the
Ilocos region, contains corn starch, a suitable binder and good
substitute for cassava starch in the production of charcoal briquette .
Thanks to the kawayan charcoal briquette technology developed
by MMSU researchers Stanley C. Malab and Jose A. Zaparalla.
Seeing these environmental nuisance burn to waste in the fields of
the countryside will soon be a thing of the past because of their
new found importance.
Briquetting Process.
Malab is the director of the Ilocos Agriculture Resources Research
and Development Consortium (ILARRDEC), one of the consortia
organized by the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and
Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD).
Originally designed for bamboo waste such as leaves, small
branches, bamboo shavings or trimmings, the charcoal briquette
technology has been improved to include rice hull as production
material.

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Kawayan Charcoal Briquettes with chichacorn processing effluent
as binder won the most outstanding award for the research category
during the National Symposium on Agriculture and Resources and
Development (NSARRD).
The NSARRD where the KCB technology was first recognized,
was initiated by the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry
and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) in
appreciation of the government for the outstanding contributions of
individuals and institutions in the improvement of agriculture forestry
and natural resources research and development (R&D).
KCB’s modification which makes use of rice hull under another
project (Enhancing recovery of rice hull, chichacorn and bamboo
processing wastes as bioenergy source and environmental mitigation)
also by Malab and Zafaralla, together with MMSU researchers Beatriz
Rice Hull and Bamboo Carbonization Process.

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S. Malab, and Angelina Tagay, won second place in the Luzon Cluster
7 th Regional S&T Fora and Competitions in Industry and Energy
Research and Development.
The technology was presented during the 28 th International
Convention of the Philippine-American Academy of Science and
Engineering (PAASE) held at Georgetown University Washington
DC, USA.
With the need to find alternative and renewable energy brought
by the energy turbulence, the KCB technology once more took center
stage, during the Technology to People Media Conference sponsored
by PCARRD recently.
The conference also featured the jatropha enterprise for biodiesel
production which was presented by Dr. Roberto Guarte, Vice
President for Administration and Finance Project Director for Jatropha
project in Eastern Visayas.
A model of biogas digester was also presented by Felimon
Santander, a Magsasaka Siyentista from the Southern Mindanao
Agriculture Resources Research and Development Consortium
(SMARRDEC).
PCARRD provided the venue for the dissemination of alternative
energy sources under its Technology to People program to lessen
the burden of the food industry in relation to high energy cost in food
production. (Ricardo R. Argana, S&T Media Service)
# # #
PFN No.6719 January-–March 2009
Source:
Argana, Ricardo R. “MMSU sets trend in charcoal making.”
(S&T Media Service, Press Release No. 24, 2009).

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NEGOSYO BRO
PCARRD TechnoMart highlights
alternative energy for the food industry
The recent energy turmoil leaves the food industry with one
important lesson in resource management—the need to find
alternative sources of energy for various aspects of food processing
and packaging.
Seeking to assist the country’s food manufacturers and producers,
particulalry those run by small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources
Research and Development (PCARRD), through its TechnoMart
program, higlighted some of the most recent inventions on the use
of alternative energy during the 8 th Philippine Food Expo.
Bearing the theme Strategic Regional Cooperation Towards
Food Self-Sufficiency, the food expo initiated by the Philippine Food
Exporters Inc., was held at the SM Megamall in Ortigas Avenue in
Quezon City from March 5 to 7. The expo featured various food
products of 175 companies in 249 booths representing Luzon,
Visayas, Mindanao, and the National Capital Region.
The inventions featured by PCARRD and its partner member
agencies include protos, a stove which uses plant oil; biogas, fuel
from waste; biogas digester model; and the kawayan charcoal
briquettes.

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The inventions were generated by the National Agriculture
Resources Research and Development Network (NARRDN)-member
agencies Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte; University of
Southeastern Philippines, Davao City; Cavite State University,
Indang, Cavite, and the Mariano Marcos State University, Batac,
Ilocos Norte.
As PCARRD’s most recent technology diffusion modality,
TechnoMart bridges the gap between science and technology
(S&T)-based enterprises and the thriving industires through business
mentoring and product market matching.
PHILFOODEX supports governmet programs on agricultural
productivity such as the Ginintuang Masaganang Ani and FIELDS
(fertilizer, irrigation, infrastructure, extension, education, loans, driers
and post harvest, and seeds) to achieve food self-sufficiency and
modernize Philippine agriculture.
PCARRD hopes that this undertaking, among others, will empower
small and medium enterprises in the production of affordable quality
food commodities to the greater benefit of Filipino consumers and
contribute in the government’s goal of attaining food sufficiency for
every Filipino family. (Ricardo R. Argana, S&T Media Service)
# # #
PFN No. 6720 January-–March 2009

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BALITANG
PAMBUKID
para sa Radyo
IMPORMASYON!
TEKNOLOHIYA!
KAALAMAN!

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TEKNOLOHIYA
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Enerhiya at pagkain magkasing halaga
ayon sa PCARRD
Maari bang isakripisyo ang mga lupang nakalaan
para sa produksyon ng pagkain para sa pagtatanim ng
“feedstocks” tulad ng jatropha o “tubang bakod” at sweet
sorghum bilang hilaw na sangkap ng “biofuels”?
Ito ang isang mahalagang isyu na di maiwasang
pagusapan kaugnay ng implementasyon ng Biofuels Act
of 2006, ang batas na inaasahang makakabawas sa
pangangailangan ng bansa sa “fossil fuel”.
Sa ilalim ng nasabing batas, ang mga kumpanya ng
langis sa bansa ay kinakailangang maghalo ng biofuel
sa “commercial fuel” ayon sa itinakdang dami matapos
ang dalawang taon at apat na taon mula sa araw ng
pagiging epektibo ng batas. Dahilan dito ay kinakaharap
ngayon ng bansa ang suliranin kung saan kukuhanin ang
kinakailangang “supply” ng feedstocks.
Ang niyog at jatropha ang pangunahing maaaring
pagkunan ng feedstocks para sa biodiesel. Ang

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tubo, kamoteng kahoy, at sweet sorghum naman ang
pangunahing tinitingnan bilang hilaw na sangkap para sa
bioethanol.
Kinikilala ng Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry
and Natural Resources Research and Development o
P-CARRD ang kahalagahan ng pagkain at enerhiya at
walang dapat masakripisyo sa dalawang ito, ayon sa
ahensiya.
Sa pagpapatupad ng implementasyon ng National
Biofuels Program, kung saan ang produksyon ng feedstocks
ang pangunahing konsiderasyon, sinisiguro ng P-CARRD,
kasama ang iba pang mga katuwang na ahensiya, na
tanging ang mga lugar na di ginagamit sa pagtatanim ng
mga agrikulturang produkto para sa pagkain ang gagamitin
sa pagtatanim ng feedstocks.
Sa pagtatanim ng jatropha, halimbawa, “target” ng
programa ang mga damuhan, mga di natatanimang lupa
sa mga matataas na lugar, mga lugar na apektado ng
lahar, at mga lugar na pinagtatambakan ng mga “waste
materials” na galing sa mga minahan.
Tinitingnan din ng programa ang pagsasanib ng
pagtatanim ng feedstocks, partikular ang jatropha sa
“agroecosystems” tulad ng mga taniman ng niyog at
bulubunduking lugar, kung saan inaasahang sila ay
lalago at bubuti sa paraang di masasakripisyo ang mga
lugar na dapat pangbungkalan ng mga halamang para sa
pagkain.
Tinitinganan naman ng programa, para sa pagtatanim
ng sweet sorghum, ang mga lugar kung saan ang palay,

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mais, at tubo ay di maaring maitanim ng produktibo dahilan
sa kakulangang ng irigasyon, ganon din ang mga lugar
na umaasa lamang sa patak ng ulan. (Ricardo R. Argana,
S&T Service)
# # #
PBP Blg. 6721 Enero-–Marso 2009
Pinagkunan: Argana, Ricardo R. “Enerhiya at pagkain
magkasing halaga ayon sa PCARRD.” (S&T
Media Service, Press Release No. 19,
2009).

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“Diesel additives” mula sa mga patapong mantika
ng hayop at langis ng gulay
Ang mantika mula sa taba ng hayop at langis mula sa
mga gulay na itinatapon ng mga plantang nagpoproseso
nito, ganon din ng mga naghahanda ng pagkain gaya
ng mga kantina at “restaurant,” ay maaring gawing
“biodiesel.” Ito ay ayon sa isang pag-aaral na isinagawa
ng mga mananaliksik ng Aklan State University o
A-SU.
Ang biodiesel na makukuha mula rito ay isang
malinaw na likido, walang masamang amoy, at may
parehong katangian ng “mineral fossil diesel oil.”
Ang biodiesel na ito ay maaring gamitin sa isang
“standard” na “combustion engine” na di kinakailangan
ang ano mang pagbabago sa katangian nito. Maaari rin
itong haluan ng “petroleum diesel” para pabutihin ang
kailidad nito.
Sinabi ng mga mananaliksik ng A-SU na ang makina
na ginamitan ng 80 posiyento na petroleum diesel at 20
porsiyento ng biodiesel na nalinang mula sa pag-aaral
ay may mas kakaunting usok at mas mababang antas
ng ingay kumpara sa makina na ginamitan ng purong
petroleum diesel.
Nakita sa mga huling pag-aaral na isinagawa ng
Department of Science and Technology o D-O-S-T,
ng National Power Corporation o NA-PO-COR at ng
Philippine National Oil Company o P-N-O-C-Energy
Development Corporation na ang biodiesel mula sa mga
patapon ng taba ng hayop at langis ng gulay ay maaring
makatumbas, kung hindi man makahigit sa petroleum

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diesel, pagdating sa maayos na pagpapatakbo ng makina
at sa itatagal ng kapakinabangan nito.
Ang suliranin sa pagtatapon ng tinatayang 2,000 kilo
ng mantika mula sa mga taba ng hayop na nagmumula
sa mga planta ng nagpoproseso ng mga produkto mula
sa karne ng hayop at mga nagsisilbi ng pagkain sa Kalibo,
Aklan at isla ng Boracay bawat buwan ang siyang naging
dahilan ng mga mananaliksik ng A-SU upang isagawa ang
pag-aaral.
Bukod sa ang nalinang na teknolohiya ay makapagbibigay
ng tuloy-tuloy na mapagkukunan ng biodiesel, ito
ay makakatulong din upang mapangalagaan ang
kapaligiran.
Ang teknolohiya ng biodiesel mula sa mga patapon ng
taba ng hayop at langis mula sa mga gulay ay inihayag at
sinuri ng Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and
Natural Resources Research and Development o P-CARRD,
kasama ang iba pang ahensiya sa ginanap na Western
Visayas Agriculture Resources Research and Development
Consortium Research and Development Symposium.
(Ricardo R. Argana, S&T Media Service)
# # #
PBP Blg. 6722 Enero–Marso 2009

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“Plant oil cookstove”: makakalikasang teknolohiya
May bagong kakampi ang kapaligiran sa isa sa
pinakahuling inbensiyon na may kinalaman sa paggamit
ng alternatibong enerhiya. Ito ay ang “protos cookstove,”
isang lutuan na ginagamitan ng “plant oil.” Inaasahang
ang inbensiyon ay makakatulong upang mabawasan ang
matinding init at usok na nagmumula sa mga lutuang
kalan.
Ang protos ay makakapaligiran, malinis, ligtas, at
mas mainam na panghalili sa mga nakaugaliang lutuan na
gumagamit ng “fossil-based fuel.” Mas mainam din ito sa
mga tungko na gumagamit ng kahoy bilang pangatong.
Ang paggamit ng kahoy bilang panggatong ay isa sa
nagiging dahilan ng pagkaubos ng mga kahoy sa kagubatan.
Nagdudulot din ito ng mga likas na kapahamakan tulad ng
pagbaha at mga pagguho. Ang usok na nagmumula sa mga
kahoy na panggatong ay nakakapagpalala sa suliranin sa
polyusyon na nagiging dahilan din ng mga sakit sa mata
at baga ng tao. Ang mga lutuan naman na ginagamitan ng
fossil-based fuel ay nagbubuga sa kapaligiran ng mataas
na antas ng “carbon monoxide,” na pumipinsala rin sa
kapaligiran. Bukod pa rito, karamihan sa mga mahihirap na
mga Filipino ay walang kakayanan na makabili ng ganitong
klase ng lutuan.
Ang protos ay nilinang, pinahusay, at sinuri ang
kakayanan ng mga dalubhasa mula sa Visayas State
University o V-S-U sa pangunguna ni Dr. Roberto C.
Guarte. Ito ay sa suportang pinansiyal ng Bosch and
Siemens Home o B-S-H Appliances Group ng Munich,
Germany.

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Ang protos ay binubuo ng tangke, pangbomba,
balangkas o “frame” barbula, daluyan ng gatong, at
isang “vaporizer.” Ang vaporizer na ito na binili ng B-S-H
Group sa Alemanya ay orihinal na ginawa sa University
of Hohenheim.
Ayon sa ulat na tinanggap ng Philippine Council for
Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources Research
and Development o P-CARRD, mahusay na nagagamit ang
protos sa parehong uri ng panggatong, ang fossil-based
fuel at ang plant oil. Sa kabila nito, ipinayo ni Guarte
ang paggamit ng plant oil gaya ng langis na nagmumula
sa niyog dahil sa ito ay nagbubuga ng mas mababang
carbon monoxide at likas na mapagkukunan ng tinatawag
na “renewable energy.” Bukod sa niyog, ang iba pang
halaman na maaring gamitin ay ang “sunflower,” “castor,”
“soybean,” at jatropha.
Ang isang daang sambahayan na nakiisa sa proyekto
sa mga piling lugar sa Leyte ay nagpatunay sa kahusayan
ng protos. Sinabi nila na sila ay karaniwang gumagamit
ng nasa 11.64 litro ng plant oil bawat buwan. Ito ay sa
loob ng nasa isa at kalahating oras ng pagluluto araw araw.
Ang may ari ng anim na maliliit na kainan sa pamilihan
ng V-S-U na nakiisa rin sa proyekto ay nagsabi na sila
ay karaniwang gumagamit ng 28 litro ng plant oil sa
bawat buwan sa loob ng nasa isang oras at dalawampung
minutong pagluluto araw araw.
Sa kabuuan, ang kagalingan ng protos ay halos katulad
ng gas stove at mas mahusay kaysa mga lokal na lutuan
sa aspeto ng halaga ng gamit, pagiging ligtas, dami ng
carbon monoxide, at ang kakayanan nitong magamit ng
matagalan.

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Ang V-S-U ay nakakagawa ng 1,500 protos bawat
taon sa pakikipagtulungan ng B-S-H Group sa Germany.
Naitatag na ng V-S-U ang buong hanay ng produksyon
upang siguruhin ang tuloy tuloy na paggawa nito para sa
mga pamilihan ng Region 8.
Sa pamamagitan ng pagpapalaki sa produksyon
ng protos sa tulong ng mga kooperatiba, inasahang
makakatulong ang proyekto sa paglikha ng mga hanap
buhay sa kanayunan, pagbibigay ng karagdagang kita sa
mga kooperatiba, bukod pa sa magandang ibubunga nito
sa kapaligiran. (Ricardo R. Argana, S&T Media Service)
# # #
PBP Blg. 6723 Enero–Marso 2009
Pinagkunan:
Domingo, Ofelia F. “Plant oil cookstove:
an environment-friendly technology.” (S&T
Media Service, Press Release No. 20, 2009).
Isinalin sa Tagalog ni Ricardo R. Argana.

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YARI KO ITO !
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Ang Magsasaka Siyentista ng Davao
at ang kanyang “biogas digester”
Ang pag-aalis ng masamang amoy, o ang pagbabawas
man lamang dito, ay isang hamon para sa mga maraming
nagaalaga ng baboy lalo na sa mga kanayunan.
Ito ang naging inspirasyon ni Ginoong Felimon “Boy”
Santander ng Mandug, Davao City, isang taga suporta
ng teknolohiya ng biogas, upang humanap ng isang
alternatibong enerhiya na makakalikasan at makakapaligiran
upang tugunan ang nasabing problema.
Si Mang Boy ay isa ring Magsasaka Siyentista na
nahirang ng Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry
and Natural Resources Research and Development o
P-CARRD.
Gumawa si Ginoong Santander ng kanyang sariling
disenyo ng “biogas digester” sa kanyang bakuran noong
1995. Sa pamamagitan nito ay nawala ang masamang
amoy na nagmumula sa kanyang mga kural. Ito ay
nagbigay din sa kanya ng mapagkukunan ng “gas” para
sa pagluluto.
Dahilan sa pakinabang ng kanyang dinisenyong biogas
digester, sinimulan niyang ibahagi ang teknolohiya sa

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kanyang mga kapitbahay. Ibinahagi rin niya ang libreng
mapagkukunan ng gas sa kanila. Matapos ito ay mismong
ang mga nagaalaga na ng baboy sa paligid ang humingi ng
kanyang tulong upang maisagawa rin nila ang teknolohiya
sa kanilang babuyan.
Simple lamang ang disenyo ng biogas digester ni Mang
Boy. Gumagamit ito ng konkretong materyales at may
sukat na dalawang metro kubiko sa dalawampung metro
kubiko (2m 3 X 20m 3 ). Sa pamamagitan ng teknolohiyang
ito, ay naipakita niya na ang ang teknolohiya ng biogas ay
maari ring gamitin sa maliliit na alagaan ng baboy.
Si Mang Boy ay nagtapos ng kursong “political
science” at naging isang “technical staff” ng Sanguniang
Bayan. Sa mga panahong iyon, ang pagaalaga ng baboy,
para sa kanya, ay isa lamang libangan at pinagkukunan
ng karagdagang kita. Ngunit dahil sa kakapusan ng kita,
ay nagpasya siya na gawing isang pangmatagalang
hanapbuhay ito noong 1997.
Nakilala si Mang Boy sa kanyang kakayahan ng
paggawa ng kanyang sariling disenyo ng biogas digester
hindi lamang sa Davao City kung hindi maging sa Davao
del Sur, Compostela Valley Province, Davao del Norte,
Bukidnon, Capiz, at iba pang bahagi ng bansa. Isinagawa
niya ang pagbabahagi ng teknolohiya sa pamamagitan ng
pagsasagawa ng mga “technology clinic” at mga “fora” sa
tulong ng Southern Mindanao Agriculture and Resources
Research and Development Consortium o SMARR-DEC.
Si Mang Boy ay naging taga sulong rin ng teknolohiya
ng pangangasiwa ng mga dumi na mula sa agrikultura
o “agri-waste” at maging ng mga dumi o latak mula sa
proseso ng biogas technology bilang “organic fertilizer.” Ito

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ay sa suporta rin ng SMARR-DEC at ng B-Meg Philippines.
Itinatag rin ni Mang Boy ang Mandug Peoples’ Cooperative.
Ito ay kinabibilangan ng kanyang mga kapitbahay na
may mga babuyan at tumatangkilik din ng teknolohiya
ng biogas.
Ipinamalas ang disenyo ng biogas digester na nalinang
ni Mang Boy noong nagdaang 8 th Philippine Food Expo na
isinagawa sa SM Megamall Trade Hall sa Pasig City. Ito
ay sa pakikipagtulungan ng SMARRDEC at ng PCARRD.
(Ricardo R. Argana, S&T Media Service)
# # #
PBP Blg 6724 Enero–Marso 2009
Pinagkunan:
Villegas, Vanessa G.; Poblete, Lorelyn A.;
Provido, Noel T.; and Amarante, Jocelyn A.
“From stench to sweet-smelling success:
A farmer’s passion for biogas technology.”
PCARRD Monitor 35(2):8-9,15 April-June
2007. Isinalin sa Tagalog ni Ricardo R.
Argana.

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SAKA ISKWELA
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Bagong pamamaraan at materyales
sa paggawa ng uling ipinakilala ng Mariano Marcos
State University
Ipinakilala ng mga mananaliksik ng Mariano Marcos
State University o M-M-S-U ang pinakabagong pamamaraan
at materyales sa paggawa ng uling. Sa pamamaraang ito,
ginagamit ang dati ay walang halagang mga retaso ng
kawayan at pinagkiskisan ng palay na itinapon o sinisilaban
sa mga bukid.
Sa pamamagitan ng teknolohiyang ito, ang tonetoneladang
retaso ng mga kawayan at pinagkiskisan ng
palay ay maari nang mapagkakitaan sa halip na maging
dumi ng kapaligiran.
Bukod pa rito, binigyang pakinabang din ng teknolohiya
ang tubig na pinaglutuan ng “chichacorn” (malutong na
butil ng mais na ipinirito), na kung basta itatapon lamang
ay maaring maging banta sa kapaligiran lalo na sa mga
pinagkukunan ng tubig na inumin.
Ang pinaglutuan ng chichacorn, na may malawak
na mapagkukunan sa Ilocos “region”, ay nagtataglay ng
mantika na maaring gawing panghulma ng mga pinulbos
na uling. Ito ay isang mabisang panghalili sa mantika na
galing sa kamoteng kahoy.

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Ang teknolohiya ng hinulmang mga uling mula sa
kawayan at pinagkiskisan ng palay ay nilinang ng mga
mananaliksik ng MMSU na sina Dr. Stanley C. Malab at
Dr. Jose A. Zaparalla.
Si Malab ay direktor ng Ilocos Agriculture Resources
Research and Development Consortium o I-LARR-DEC,
isa sa mga konsorsya na itinatag ng Philippine Council for
Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and
Development o P-CARRD.
Ang teknolohiya ay orihinal na nilinang at dinisenyo
para sa mga retaso at dumi ng kawayan kagaya ng dahon,
maliliit na sanga, pinagkataman o pinagkayasan, at mas
pinabuti upang magamit din ang pinagkiskisan ng palay.
Napanalunan ng teknolohiya ng kawayan “charcoal
briquettes” o K-C-B na ginamitan ng pinaglutuan ng
chichacorn bilang pandikit sa paghuhulma ang pagkilala
bilang pinakamahusay na pagsasaliksik sa “National
Symposium on Agriculture and Resources and Development
o N-SARRD.“
Ang N-SARRD ay inilunsad ng P-CARRD bilang
pagpapahalaga sa mga katangi-tanging naiambag ng mga
indibiduwal at institusyon sa pagpapabuti ng “research
and development” o R&D sa larangan ng pagsasaka,
paggugubat, at likas na yaman.
Napanalunan naman ng pinabuting teknolohiya ng
KCB, gamit ang pinagkiskisan ng palay, ang ikalawang
gantimpla sa inilunsad na “Luzon Cluster 7 th Regional S&T
Fora and Competitions in Industry and Energy Research
and Development.” Ito ay dinisenyo rin nina Malab at
Zafaralla, kasama ang iba pang mananaliksik ng M-M-S-U
na sina Dr. Beatriz S. Malab at Dr. Angelina Tagay,

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Ipinakilala rin ang teknolohiyang ito sa ika-28
pandaigdigang pagpupulong ng Philippine-American
Academy of Science and Engineering o PA-A-SE na ginanap
sa Georgetown University Washington DC, USA.
Muling ipinakilala ang teknolohiya sa nagdaang
“Technology to People (T2P)/Media Conference” na
pinangunahan ng P-CARRD. Ito ay dahilan sa pagtukoy
sa mga alternatibong pagkukunan ng enerhiya dulot ng
pagtaas ng halaga nito sa pandaigdigang pamilihan.
Pinangunahan ng P-CARRD ang pagpapalaganap sa
alternatibong pagkukunan ng enerhiya sa pamamagitan
ng programang T2P na isinagawa upang makabawas sa
alalahanin ng industriya ng pagkain kaugnay sa mataas
na halaga ng produksyon nito. (Ricardo R. Argana, S&T
Media Service)
# # #
PBP Blg 6725 Enero–Marso 2009
Pinagkunan:
Argana, Ricardo R. “MMSU sets trend in
charcoal making.” (S&T Media Service, Press
Release No. 24, 2009). Isinalin sa Tagalog
ni Ricardo R. Argana.

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NEGOSYO BRO
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Panghaliling enerhiya para sa industriya ng pagkain
binigyang pansin ng TechnoMart
Ang naging suliranin sa mataas na halaga ng enerhiya
kamakailan ay nagiwan ng isang mahalagang aral sa
industriya ng pagkain. Ito ay ang pangangailangang matukoy
ang mga posibleng mapagkukunan ng alternatibong
enerhiya upang mapababa ang gugugulin sa pagpoproseso
ganon din ng pagiimpake ng pagkain.
Binigyang pansin ng Philippine Council for Agriculture,
Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development
o P-CARRD sa pamamagitan ng kanyang “TechnoMart
program,” sa nagdaang 8 th Philippine Food Expo, ang
mga pinakabagong bunga ng pagsasalikisik kaugnay
ng alternatibong enerhiya na inaasahang makakatulong
sa industriya ng pagkain partikular ang mga maliliit at
katamtamang mga mamumuhunan.
Ang 8 th Philippine Food Expo ay ginanap sa S-M
Megamall sa Ortigas Avenue, Quezon City mula ikalima
hanggang ika-pito ng Marso. Ito ay inilunsad ng
Philippine Exporters, Inc. o PHIL-FOO-DEX at may temang
“Pangrehiyong Kooperasyon bilang Istratehiya tungo sa
Sapat na Pagkain.”

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Itinampok sa nasabing expo ang iba’t-ibang produktong
pagkain ng 175 kompanya mula sa Luzon, Visayas,
Mindanao, at National Capital Region.
Ibinahagi ng P-CARRD at ng mga katulong nitong
ahensiya ang ilang inbensiyon kaugnay ng alternatibong
enerhiya. Ito ay kinabibilangan ng “Protos,” isang uri ng
lutuan na gumagamit ng langis mula sa halaman; “biogas,”
na gumagamit ng paggatong mula sa iba’t-ibang dumi;
isang modelo ng “biogas digester model”; at ang mga
hinulmang uling mula sa kawayan.
Ang mga nasabing inbensiyon ay nalinang sa
pamamagitan ng mga kasaping ahensiya ng National
Agriculture Resources Research and Development
Network na kinabibilangan ng Visayas State University
sa Baybay, Leyte; University of Southeastern Philippines
sa Davao City; Cavite State University sa Indang, Cavite;
at ng Mariano Marcos State University sa Batac, Ilocos
Norte.
Bilang pinakabagong pamamaraan ng P-CARRD sa
pagbabahagi ng teknolohiya, pinaguugnay ng TechnoMart
ang puwang sa pagitan ng siyensiya at teknolohiya at ng
industriya sa pamagitan ng pamamatnubay sa mga maliliit
at katamtamang mamumuhunan ng may mga kasanayan
sa isang uri ng produkto.
Sinusuportahan ng PHIL-FOO-DEX ang mga programa
ng pamahalaan tungo sa ibayong produksyon sa pagsasaka
tulad ng Ginintuang Masaganang Ani at FIELDS (fertilizer,
irrigation, infrastructure, extension, education, loans,
driers and postharvest, and seeds) upang magkaroon ng
sapat na pagkain at upang maging moderno ang pagsasaka
sa bansa.

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Inaasahan ng P-CARRD na sa pamamagitan ng
TechnoMart at ng iba pang istratehiya ay mapapalakas
nito ang mga maliliit at katamtamang mga mamumuhunan
tungo sa produksyon ng mura at may kalidad na mga
pagkain para sa kapakanan ng mga mamimiling Pilipino.
(Ricardo R. Argana, S&T Media Service)
# # #
PBP Blg. 6726 Enero–Marso 2009

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Ang mga isyu ng PCARRD
Farmnews
ay matatagpuan din sa
http://www.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph
Para sa karagdagang kaalaman,
mag-email sa:
pcarrd@pcarrd.dost.gov.ph
Para sa mga makabagong
teknolohiya sa pagsasaka,
Ugaliing makinig ng
Ba g o Ya n Ah!
sa inyong lokal na istasyon ng radyo sa
DZMM 630 kHz
at Home Cable Channel 26
tuwing Linggo alas 4:30
hanggang 6:00 ng hapon
PAGTATUWA
Ang mga produktong pang-agrikultura, kasangkapan, o kemikal at ang mga
tagapamahagi nito na nabanggit ay hindi pagpapahiwatig ng pagtangkilik o pagpula
ng Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and
Development sa mga nasabing produkto, bagkos ay nabanggit lamang ang mga
ito upang maipaabot ang mga kaukulang impormasyon sa mga mambabasa ng
lathalaing ito.

The
PCARRD FARMNEWS
is winner of the
1993 Binhi Award
as Agiricultural Newsletter
of the Year
BALITANG
PAMBUKID
Maikatluhang buwang inilalathala ng PHILIPPINE COUNCIL
FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (PCARRD), Department
of Science and Technology (DOST)
3rd Gawad
Oscar M. Florendo
as Outstanding Information
tool, Print Category
for 1994
1994 Binhi Award
as Agiricultural Newsletter
of the Year
PCARRD
FARMNEWS
Editor-in-Chief:
Ricardo R. Argana
Managing Editor:
Layout Artist
Flordeliza R. Gutierrez/
Simeon R. Manahan, Jr.
Circulation:
Pacifico V. Africa
Advisers:
Patricio S. Faylon
Lily Ann D. Lando
Ruel S Pagcaliwagan
1995 Binhi Award
as Agiricultural Newsletter
of the Year
Mailing Address:
PCARRD FARMNEWS
PCARRD, Los Baños, Laguna,
Philippines
Re-Entered as “Second Class Mail” at the Los Baños Post
Office, Laguna on 10 February 2009, Permit No. 2009-07