Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Stigler, G.J. and Becker, G.S. 1997, ‘De gustibus non est disputandum’, The American Economic Review, vol. 67, no. 2, March. Stinchfield, R. and Winters, K. 1996, Treatment Effectiveness of Six State- Supported Compulsive Gambling Treatment Programs in Minnesota, University of Minnesota, http://www.cbc.med.umn.edu/~randy/gambling/gamtx.htm (accessed 9 April 1999). Stoljar, T. 1999, ‘Legal aspects’, paper presented to the Conference on the Responsible Service of Gambling within the Club industry, Sydney, 19 August. Sturges, B. 1997, ‘In Louisiana, better late than never’, Casino Journal, vol. 9, no. 13, January, http://www.casinojournal.com/archive/jan97/index.html (accessed 16 May 1999). Sullivan, S. 1994, ‘Why compulsive gamblers are a high suicide risk?’, Community Mental Health in New Zealand, vol. 8, pp. 40–7. Swan, P.L. 1992, Report on the Likely Effect of Slot Machines in a Casino on the Operations and Viability of the Registered Club and Hotel Industries. Szabo, P. 1997, Expense of Litigation can make ... or break, originally published in the Melbourne Age, Monday, 5 April 1992, commentary has since been updated to be current as at 1 July 1997. Szava-Kovats, G. 1997, Assessing Substance Abuse and Problem Gambling Treatment as an Investment in Population Health, Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission, Edmonton. TAB Ltd 1998, Appendixes to the Share Offer Document, 4 May. TAB Tasmania 1998, Annual Report 1998. Tabcorp 1998, Annual Report 1997-98. Tasmanian Gaming Commission 1998, Australian Gambling Statistics 1972-73 to 1996-97, Centre for Regional Economic Analysis, University of Tasmania. —— 1999, Australian Gambling Statistics 1972-73 to 1997-98, Centre for Regional Economic Analysis, University of Tasmania. Tattersall’s 1999, All About Tattslotto, http://www.tattersalls.com.au (accessed July 1999). Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse 1996, Gambling in Texas: 1995 Surveys of Adult and Adolescent Gambling Behaviour, Austin, Texas. The Iowa Stater 1997, ‘What Iowans Say About Gambling’, Media Release, Iowa, February 1997, http://www.iastate.edu/IaStater/1997/feb/gmablesurvey.html (accessed 13 August 1999). REF.34 GAMBLING
Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason, N., Crisp, B., Ho, W., Borrell, J., Smith, S. and Holt, T.A, 1998, ‘Where are all the problem gamblers?: An analysis of apparent discrepancies between estimates of the population rates of problem gambling and people attending problem gambling services’, Problem Gambling Research Program, School of Social Work, University of Melbourne. Thompson, W.N. 1998, ‘Casinos de juegos del mundo: A survey of world gambling’, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, March, vol. 556, pp. 11–21. Thompson, W., Gazel, R. and Rickman D. 1996, ‘The Social Costs of gambling in Wisconsin’, Wisconsin Policy Research Institute Report, 9, 1-44. Tisdell C.A. 1972, Microeconomics: The Theory of Economic Allocation, John Wiley and Sons Australasia Pty Ltd. Titmus, R. 1971, The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood To Social Policy, Pantheon Books, United Kingdom. Toneguzzo, S.J. 1997, Internet Gaming, evidence to Social Devlopment Committee, Parliament of South Australia, September. ——1998, Controlling the technology or controlling the games, paper presented to Gambling, Technology and Society: Regulatory Challenges for the 21st Century, Australian Institute of Criminology and the Australian Institute for Gambling Research, Sydney, 7–8 May. Tran, D. 1999, Asian Gambling, Family Losses, Jesuit Social Services, November, Melbourne. Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D. 1981, ‘The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice’, Science, vol. 911, no. 4481, pp. 453–8. Tyler, W. 1996, Casino culture and community context: the projected social impact of gaming machines in the Northern Territory, paper presented to the NTCOSS Community Services Conference, Darwin, June 19-21. UK National Statistics OnLine 1999, New Earnings Survey, http://www.ons.gov.uk/pr_f.htm (accessed October 1999). University of Adelaide 1996, Community Gambling Patterns and the Prevalence of Gambling-Related Problems in South Australia, Department of Psychology, Adelaide. US Bureau of the Census 1999a, Population Estimates for the US Regions and States by Selected Age Groups and Sex: Annual Time Series, July 1 1990 to July 1 1998, http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/sage9890.txt (accessed October 1999). REF.35
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
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Table S.4 Real government revenue f
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Table S.8 Real government revenue,
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Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
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However, the survey used a set of p
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T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
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Table T.3 Method Various estimates
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such as France and the US (Casino I
Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
Page 385 and 386: intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
Page 387 and 388: considers that the machine price
Page 389 and 390: egular playing (30 years) the proba
Page 391 and 392: for an amount of time that is less
Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
Page 395 and 396: This does not mean that a person ca
Page 397 and 398: V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
Page 399 and 400: Differences in question wording and
Page 401 and 402: References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
Page 403 and 404: —— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
Page 405 and 406: Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
Page 407 and 408: ——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
Page 409 and 410: Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
Page 411 and 412: —— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
Page 413 and 414: ——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
Page 415 and 416: Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
Page 417 and 418: —— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
Page 419 and 420: Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
Page 421 and 422: ——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
Page 423 and 424: Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
Page 425 and 426: —— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
Page 427 and 428: —— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
Page 429 and 430: NT Select Committee (Select Committ
Page 431 and 432: Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
Page 433: Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
Page 437 and 438: —— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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