Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Orphanides, A. and Zervos, D. 1995, ‘Rational addiction with learning and regret’, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 739–58. OWP (Officers Working Party), Interactive Wagering Report, Third Report of the Officers Working Party, Presented to the Conference of Australian Racing Ministers, August. Palace Casino 1999, ‘Slot machines’, Games People Play, http://www.palacecasino.com/slots.html (accessed November 1999). PC (Productivity Commission) 1997, Private Health Insurance, Report no. 57, AusInfo, Canberra. —— 1998, Design Principles for Small Business Programs and Regulations, Staff Research Paper, AusInfo, Canberra. ——1999, The Impacts of Competition Policy Reforms on Rural and Regional Australia, Report no. 8, AusInfo, Canberra. Persky, J. 1995, ‘Impact studies, cost-benefit analysis and casinos’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 349–60. Phillips, D., Welty, W. and Smith M. 1997, ‘Elevated suicide levels associated with legalized gambling’, Suicide and Life Threatening Behaviour, vol. 27, pp. 373–8. Pinto, S. and Wilson, P. 1990, ‘Gambling in Australia’, in Australian Institute of Criminology, Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no. 24, Australia. Players Island Casino 1999a, Islander Newsletter, http://www.playersisland.com/stlouis/islander.html (accessed October 1999). Plotz, D 1999, Flushed: why Carolina killed its gambling industry’, http://www.slate.com/Features/sc/sc.asp. Politzer, R., Yesalis, C. and Hudak, C. 1992, ‘The epidemiologic model and the risks of legalised gambling: where are we headed?’ The Journal of Health Behaviour, Education and Promotion, vol. 16, no. 2, pp.20–7. Popovic, J. 1998, Gambling in Victoria: the view from the magistrate’s court bench, paper presented to the Salvation Army Conference, Winners and Losers, Melbourne, 13 June. President Casino 1999b, ‘Slot machines’, Games, http://www.presidentcasino.com/stlouis/games.htm (accessed October 1999). Problem Gambling Committee 1998, Problem Gambling Counselling in New Zealand 1998, National Statistics, June. REF.30 GAMBLING
Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. and Hing, N. 1997, Poker Machine Playing and Problem Gambling amongst Members of Sydney Registered Clubs, Southern Cross University. ——, Hing, N., Weeks, P. and Breen, H. 1997, Evaluating the Current and Future Adequacy of Services for Problem Gamblers in Sydney, third report prepared for the Casino Community Benefit Trust Fund of NSW. Public Health Association of Australia, 1997, Gambling and Health. Queensland Government 1989, Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct, report of a Commission of Inquiry pursuant to orders in Council (Fitzgerald Report), Government Printer, Brisbane. —— 1996, Review of Queensland Gaming Machine Regulatory Arrangements, November. QOGR (Queensland Office of Gaming Regulation) 1998, Art Unions Review, Discussion Paper, April. —— 1998, Queensland Gaming Newsletter, vol. 1, issue 1, October, http://www.qogr.qld.gov.au. Ramirez, L., McCormick, R., Russo, A. and Taber, J. 1984, ‘Patterns of substance abuse in pathological gamblers undergoing treatment’, Addictive Behaviours, vol. 8, pp. 425–8. Reid, S., Woodford, S., Roberts, R., Golding, J. and Towell, A. 1999, ‘Health-related correlates of gambling on the British National Lottery’, Psychological Reports, vol. 84, pp. 247–54. Rodgers, Gregory B. 1998, ‘Estimating Jury Compensation for Pain and Suffering in Product Liability Cases Involving Nonfatal Personal Injury’, Journal of Forensic Economics, 6(3) 1998, pp 251-262. Ronnberg, S., Volberg, R., Abbott, M. et al. 1999, Gambling and Problem Gambling in Sweden, Report no. 2 of the National Institute of Public Health Series on Gambling, National Institute of Public Health, Stockholm. Room, R., Turner, N. and Ialomiteanu, A. 1998, Community Effects of the Opening of the Niagara Casino: A First Report, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada. Rosenthal, R.J. and Lesieur, H.R. 1992, ‘Self-reported withdrawal symptoms and pathological gambling’, American Journal of Addictions, vol. 1, pp. 150–4. Roy, A., Adinoff, B., Roehrich, L., Lamparski, D., Custer, R., Lorenz, V., Barbaccia, M., Guidotti, A., Costa, E. and Linnoila, M. 1988, ‘Pathological gambling’, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 45, pp. 369–73. REF.31
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
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Table S.4 Real government revenue f
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Table S.8 Real government revenue,
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Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
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However, the survey used a set of p
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T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
Page 381 and 382: such as France and the US (Casino I
Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
Page 385 and 386: intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
Page 387 and 388: considers that the machine price
Page 389 and 390: egular playing (30 years) the proba
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Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
Page 395 and 396: This does not mean that a person ca
Page 397 and 398: V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
Page 399 and 400: Differences in question wording and
Page 401 and 402: References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
Page 403 and 404: —— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
Page 405 and 406: Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
Page 407 and 408: ——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
Page 409 and 410: Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
Page 411 and 412: —— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
Page 413 and 414: ——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
Page 415 and 416: Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
Page 417 and 418: —— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
Page 419 and 420: Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
Page 421 and 422: ——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
Page 423 and 424: Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
Page 425 and 426: —— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
Page 427 and 428: —— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
Page 429: NT Select Committee (Select Committ
Page 433 and 434: Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
Page 435 and 436: Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
Page 437 and 438: —— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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