Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Loughnan, K., Pierce, M., and Sagris, A. 1996, ‘Commitment to change: the Maroondah experience thus far’, in O'Connor, J. (ed), High Stakes in the Nineties, Curtin University Press, Perth. Ludlow, M. 1999, ‘Government regulation of the Interent is an exercise in futility, says US guru’, Canberra Times, 3 June, p. 13. Marfels, Prof. C. 1999, Problem gambling and visitor suicides in the Las Vegas market, paper presented to the 38 th International Congress on Alcohol, Drugs and other Dependencies, Vienna, August 16–20. Margolis, J. and Gray 1997, ‘Casinos and crime: an analysis of the evidence’, paper prepared for the American Gaming Association, December. Markandya, A. and Pearce, D.W. 1989, ‘The social costs of smoking’, British Journal of Addiction, vol. 84, pp. 1139–1150. Market Solutions and Dickerson, M. 1997, Fifth Community Gambling Patterns Survey combined with Second Positive and Negative Perceptions of Gambling Survey, A study commissioned by the Victorian Casino and Gaming Authority, December, Melbourne. McAllister, F. 1999, ‘Effects of changing material circumstances on the incidence of marital breakdown’, Family Policy Studies Centre, UK. McCleary, R., Chew, K., Feng, W., Merrill, V., Napolitano, C., Males, M. and Gradffeo, B. 1998, Suicide and Gambling: An Analysis of Suicide Rates in US Counties and Metropolitan Areas, a report prepared for the American Gaming Association, University of California Irvine, California. McConaghy, N. 1980, ‘Behavioral completion mechanisms rather than primary drives maintain behavioral patterns’, Activas Nervosa Superior (Praha), vol. 22, pp. 138–51. ——, Armstrong, M.S., Blaszczynski, A. and Allcock, C. 1993, ‘Controlled comparison of aversion therapy and imaginal desensitisation in compulsive gambling’, British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 142, pp. 366–72. McCormick, R.A., Russo, A.M., Ramirez, L.F. and Taber, J.I. 1984, ‘Affective disorders among pathological gamblers seeking treatment’, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 141, pp. 215–8. McCoy, A. 1980, Drug Traffic: Narcotics and Organised Crime in Australia, Harper and Row, Sydney. McMillen, J. 1995a, ‘The globalisation of gambling: implications for Australia’, paper presented to NAGS ‘95, Sixth National Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies, Curtin University, Fremantle, 28– 30 September. REF.24 GAMBLING
—— 1995b, Social impacts of urban casinos: the Australian experience, paper presented to NAGS ‘95, Sixth National Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies, Curtin University, Fremantle, 28–30 September. —— 1996a, ‘Gambling as an industry’, in Cathcart, M. and Darian-Smith, K. (eds), Place Your Bets: Gambling in Victoria, The Australian Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria. —— 1996b, Perspectives on Australian gambling policy: changes and challenges, paper presented to NAGS ‘96, Seventh National Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000: The Future of Gambling’, Adelaide, November. —— 1999, Australian Gambling Comparative History and Analysis, report prepared for the Victorian Casino and Gaming Authority, Melbourne. —— and Kerr, J. 1996, Gambler’s Paradise, Royal Historical Society of Queensland, Brisbane. —— and Grabosky, P. 1998, Internet Gambling, Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no. 88, Australian Institute of Criminology, June. —— and Rolfe, R. 1997, Casino Impact Study: Crime Impacts (Brisbane), progress report, Australian Institute of Gambling Research, March. —— and Togni, S. 1997, Study of Gambling in the Northern Territory, interim report prepared for the Racing and Gaming Authority (NT). —— and Toms, M. 1999, The Responsible Gambling Trial Program For NSW Registered Clubs, Australian Institute for Gambling Research, University of Western Sydney. McCrea, P., Smart, B. and Andrews, M. 1998, Blocking Content on the Internet: a Technical Perspective, report prepared for the National Office of the Information Economy, CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences. Mansfield, E. 1970, Microeconomics: Theory and Applications, W.W. Norton and Company, pp. 67–72. Mark, M.E., and Lesieur, H.R. 1992, ‘A feminist critique of problem gambling research’, British Journal of Addiction, vol. 87, pp. 549–65. Marsden Jacob Associates 1999, Racing and Wagering Legislation, National Competition Policy Review, Discussion Paper, October. Marshall D. C. 1999, 'Missing the Jackpot? - The proliferation of gambling in Australia and its effect on local communities', Aust. Geographic Studies, vol. 36, p. 237. REF.25
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
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Table S.4 Real government revenue f
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Table S.8 Real government revenue,
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Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Page 373 and 374: Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
Page 375 and 376: However, the survey used a set of p
Page 377 and 378: T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
Page 381 and 382: such as France and the US (Casino I
Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
Page 385 and 386: intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
Page 387 and 388: considers that the machine price
Page 389 and 390: egular playing (30 years) the proba
Page 391 and 392: for an amount of time that is less
Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
Page 395 and 396: This does not mean that a person ca
Page 397 and 398: V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
Page 399 and 400: Differences in question wording and
Page 401 and 402: References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
Page 403 and 404: —— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
Page 405 and 406: Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
Page 407 and 408: ——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
Page 409 and 410: Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
Page 411 and 412: —— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
Page 413 and 414: ——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
Page 415 and 416: Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
Page 417 and 418: —— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
Page 419 and 420: Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
Page 421 and 422: ——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
Page 423: Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
Page 427 and 428: —— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
Page 429 and 430: NT Select Committee (Select Committ
Page 431 and 432: Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
Page 433 and 434: Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
Page 435 and 436: Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
Page 437 and 438: —— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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