Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Ladouceur, R., Boisvert, J., Pepin, M., Loranger, M. and Sylvain, C. 1994, ‘Social cost of pathological gambling’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 10, no. 4, Winter, pp. 399–409. —— and Dube, D. 1995, ‘Prevalence of pathological gambling and associated problems in individuals who visit non-gambling video arcades’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 11, pp. 361–5. ——, Dube, D. and Bujold, A. 1994, ‘Prevalence of pathological gambling and related problems among college students in the Quebec metropolitan area’, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 39, pp. 289–93. —— and Mireault, C. 1988, ‘Gambling behaviors among high school students in the Quebec area’, Journal of Gambling Behavior, vol. 4, no. 1, Spring, pp. 3–12. —— and Walker, M. 1996, ‘A cognitive perspective on gambling’, in Salkovkis P.M. (ed), Trends in Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies, John Wiley and Sons, London. Langer, E.J. 1975, ‘The illusion of control’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 32, pp. 311–21. Layard, R., Nickell, S. and Jackman, R. 1991, Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Ledbetter, J., and Viuker, S. 1999, ‘Gambling Online? You Bet!’, The Industry Standard, 3 May, http://www.thestandard.net (accessed 13 October 1999). Legato, F. 1999, ‘RNGs for dummies’, Casino Center, May, http://www.casinocenter.com/strictlyslots/archive/May99/html/behindthescenes. html (accessed October 1999). Leisure Development Centre (Ministry of International Trade and Industry) 1998, 1999 Leisure White Paper. Lesieur, H. 1979, ‘The compulsive gambler’s spiral of options and involvement’ Psychiatry, vol. 42, pp. 79–87. —— 1984, The Chase: Career of the Compulsive Gambler, Schenkman Books, Cambridge. —— 1992, ‘Compulsive gambling’, Society, May/June, pp. 43–50. —— 1994, ‘Epidemiological surveys of pathological gambling: critique and suggestions for modification’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 10, no. 4, Winter, pp. 385–98. —— 1996, Measuring the costs of pathological gambling, revised paper presented to NAGS 96, Seventh National Conference of the National Association for REF.22 GAMBLING
Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000: The Future of Gambling’, Adelaide, November. ——1998, ‘Costs and treatment of pathological gambling’, ANNALS, AAPSS, vol. 556, March, pp. 153–9. —— and Blume, S. 1987, ‘The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): a new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers’, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 144, pp. 1184–8. —— and Blume, S. 1990, ‘Characteristics of pathological gamblers identified among patients on a psychiatric admissions service’, Hospital and Community Psychiatry, vol. 41, pp. 1009–12. —— and Blume, S.1991, ‘When lady luck loses: women and compulsive gambling’, in Van Den Bergh, N. (ed), Feminist Perspectives on Addiction, Springer Publishing Services, New York. ——, Blume, S. and Zoppa, R. 1986, ‘Alcoholism, drug abuse and gambling’, Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 33–8. —— and Klein, R. 1987, ‘Pathological gambling among high school students’, Addictive Behaviours, vol. 12, pp. 129–35. —— and Rothschild, J. 1989, ‘Children of Gamblers Anonymous members’, Journal of Gambling Behavior, vol. 5, pp. 269–78. Levine, P. 1999, ‘Face-recognition ID system marketed to casino security departments’, The Rolling Good Times Online, http://www.rgtonline.com Lorenz, V. 1987, ‘Family dynamics of pathological gamblers’, in Galski, T. (ed), Handbook of Pathological Gambling, Springfield, Illinois, pp. 71–88. Lorenz, V., Politzer, R. and Yaffee R. 1990, Final Report on Gambling Addiction in Maryland, Department of Health and Mental Hygeine, Baltimore. —— and Shuttleworth, D, 1983, ‘The impact of pathological gambling on the spouse of the gambler’, Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 11, pp. 67–76. —— and Yaffee, R.A. 1989, ‘Pathological gamblers and their spouses: problems in interaction’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 5, pp. 113–26. —— and Yaffee, R.A. 1986, ‘Pathological gambling: psychosomatic, emotional and marital difficulties as reported by the gambler’, Journal of Gambling Behaviour, vol. 2, pp. 40–9. Lottery Insider 1999, Gambling Statistics, http://www.lotteryinsider.com.au (accessed 8 July 1999). REF.23
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
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Table S.4 Real government revenue f
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Table S.8 Real government revenue,
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Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Page 371 and 372: Table S.36 Real government revenue
Page 373 and 374: Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
Page 375 and 376: However, the survey used a set of p
Page 377 and 378: T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
Page 381 and 382: such as France and the US (Casino I
Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
Page 385 and 386: intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
Page 387 and 388: considers that the machine price
Page 389 and 390: egular playing (30 years) the proba
Page 391 and 392: for an amount of time that is less
Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
Page 395 and 396: This does not mean that a person ca
Page 397 and 398: V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
Page 399 and 400: Differences in question wording and
Page 401 and 402: References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
Page 403 and 404: —— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
Page 405 and 406: Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
Page 407 and 408: ——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
Page 409 and 410: Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
Page 411 and 412: —— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
Page 413 and 414: ——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
Page 415 and 416: Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
Page 417 and 418: —— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
Page 419 and 420: Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
Page 421: ——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
Page 425 and 426: —— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
Page 427 and 428: —— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
Page 429 and 430: NT Select Committee (Select Committ
Page 431 and 432: Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
Page 433 and 434: Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
Page 435 and 436: Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
Page 437 and 438: —— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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