Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Hausman, J.A. 1981, ‘Exact Consumer’s Surplus and Deadweight Loss’, The American Economic Review, September 1981, vol. 71, no. 4. pp. 662–676. Hawks, D. 1997, ‘Has dealing with alcohol anything to teach us in relation to gambling?’, paper presented to NAGS ‘97, Eighth National Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies. Heiwa 1995, Annual Report 1995, http://www. heiwanet.co.jp/ar/1995/ (accessed September 1999). —— 1996, Annual Report 1996, http://www.heiwanet.co.jp/ar/1996/ (accessed September 1999). —— 1997, Annual Report 1997, http://www.heiwanet.co.jp/ar/1997/ (accessed September 1999). —— 1998, Annual Report 1998, http://www.heiwanet.co.jp/ar/1998/ (accessed September 1999). Hickie, D. 1985, The Prince and the Premier: The Story of Perce Galea, Bob Askin and the Others Who Gave Organised Crime Its Start in Australia, Angus and Roberston Publishers, NSW. Hill, J. 1997, ‘The economic and social consequnces of legalising video gambling in Alabama’, Alabama Family Organisation, http://alabamafamily.org/ (accessed 28 April 1999). Hirshleifer, J. 1976, Price Theory and Applications, Prentice Hall. Holden, A., Dickerson, M., Boreham, P., and Harley, W. 1995, Gaming and Wagering amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities in Northern Queensland: Economic and Social Impacts, report prepared for the Department of Family and Community Services (Qld). Holzer, H.J. 1989, Wages, Employer Costs and Employee Performance in the Firm, NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper no. 2830, National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, MA. Home Office (United Kingdom) 1996, Report of the Gaming Board for Great Britain 1995/1996. —— 1998a, ‘Draft regulatory appraisal’, A Draft Measure to Restrict the Frequency of On-Line Lottery Draws under the Lotteries and Amusements Act 1976, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/ccpd/lfdnot.htm (accessed 13 May 1999). —— 1998b, ‘Proposals for a deregulation order on casino membership, advertising and jackpot machines’, Proposed Changes to the Gaming Act 1968, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/ccpd/cas4.htm (accessed 13 April 1999). REF.18 GAMBLING
Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998, Developing policy on internet gambling in New Zealand, paper presented at Gambling Technology and Society: Regulatory Challenges for the 21 st Century, convened by the Australian Institute of Criminology in conjunction with the Australian Institute for Gambling Research, Sydney, May 7–8. Horodecki, I. 1992, Treatment model of guidance center for gamblers and their relatives in Vienna, Austria, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 8, pp. 115–129. Horserace Betting Levy Board 1999, Objectives and Function, http://www.hblb.org.uk/object.htm (accessed June 1999). House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs 1998, To Have and To Hold: A Report of the Inquiry into Aspect of Family Services. Hraba, J. and Lee, G. 1996, ‘Gender, gambling and problem gambling’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 12, pp. 83–101. Humphries, G. (MLA Attorney-General) 1997, Reform of the Australian Capital Territory Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme, Discussion Paper. Hunter, E.M. 1993, Aboriginal Health and History, Power and Prejudice in Remote Australia, Cambridge University Press. —— and Spargo, R.M. 1988, ‘What’s the big deal?: Aboriginal gambling in the Kimberley region’, The Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 149, December, pp. 66870. Hybels, J. 1979, ‘The impact of legalisation on illegal gambling participation’, Journal of Social Issues, vol. 35, pp. 27–35. IC (Industry Commission) 1994, The Tobacco Growing and Manufacturing Industries, Report no. 39, AGPS, Canberra. —— 1996, Tourism Accommodation and Training, Report no. 50, AGPS, Canberra. —— 1998a, A Full Repairing Lease, Report no. 60, AGPS, Canberra. —— 1998b, Telecommunications Equipment, Systems and Services, Report no. 61, AusInfo, Canberra. IGC (Indiana Gaming Commission) 1998, 1998 Annual Report to the Governor, http://www.ai.org/gaming/reports/governor/toc.html (accessed September 1999). IIA (Internet Industry Association) 1999, Industry Code of Practice, http://www.iia.net.au. Inspector General in Bankruptcy 1998, Annual Report by the Inspector General in Bankruptcy on the Operation of the Bankruptcy Act 1996, 1 July 1997 to 30 June 1998. REF.19
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
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Table S.4 Real government revenue f
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Table S.8 Real government revenue,
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Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Page 367 and 368: Table S.28 Real government revenue
Page 373 and 374: Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
Page 375 and 376: However, the survey used a set of p
Page 377 and 378: T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
Page 381 and 382: such as France and the US (Casino I
Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
Page 385 and 386: intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
Page 387 and 388: considers that the machine price
Page 389 and 390: egular playing (30 years) the proba
Page 391 and 392: for an amount of time that is less
Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
Page 395 and 396: This does not mean that a person ca
Page 397 and 398: V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
Page 399 and 400: Differences in question wording and
Page 401 and 402: References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
Page 403 and 404: —— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
Page 405 and 406: Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
Page 407 and 408: ——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
Page 409 and 410: Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
Page 411 and 412: —— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
Page 413 and 414: ——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
Page 415 and 416: Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
Page 417: —— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
Page 421 and 422: ——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
Page 423 and 424: Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
Page 425 and 426: —— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
Page 427 and 428: —— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
Page 429 and 430: NT Select Committee (Select Committ
Page 431 and 432: Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
Page 433 and 434: Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
Page 435 and 436: Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
Page 437 and 438: —— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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