Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Gambino, B. and Cummings, T. (eds), Compulsive Gambling: Theory, Research and Practice, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA. —— 1995, Economic development and the introduction of casinos: myths and realities, paper presented to NAGS ‘95, Sixth National Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies, Curtin University, Fremantle, 28–30 September. Ewing, T. 1996, ‘Money laundered in $1800m illegal betting industry — study’, The Age, April. Eckhardt, M. 1998, Tasmanian Break Even Problem Gambling Services: A Review of the 14 Months of Break Even Operations in Tasmania, July 1997–30 September 1998, Tasmanian Gaming Commission, Hobart. —— 1999, correspondence, 18 June. Econtech 1999, Taxation and Regulation of the Australian Gambling Industries, a paper prepared for the Prouctivity Commission Inquiry into Australia’s Gambling Industries. Electronic Frontiers Australia, 1997, Submission to Senate Select Committee on Community Standards Relevant to the Supply of Services Utilising Electronic Technologies, Canberra, March. Elia, C. and Jacobs, D. 1993, ‘The incidence of pathological gamblers among Native Americans treated for alcohol dependence’, International Journal of Addictions, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 659–66. Elliot Stanford and Associates 1998, Evaluation of the Gamblers Rehabilitation Fund, Final Report prepared for the Department of Human Services (SA), Adelaide. Everett, A. 1999, ‘Lottery play designed to be safe, enjoyable’, Illawarra Mercury, 9 February. Farago, R. and Griffiths, A. 1999, Submission to the Senate Select Committee on Information Technologies, Inquiry into Online Gambling in Australia, 4 August. Farrell, L. and Walker, I. 1999, ‘The welfare effects of lotto: evidence from the UK’, Journal of Public Economics, no. 72. Faust, F. 1999, ‘New study says internet wagering could reach $3 billion by 2002’, http://www.rgtonline.com (accessed 12 October 1999). Feigelman, W., Wallisch, L.S. and Lesiuer, H.R. 1998, ‘Problem gamblers, problem substance users, and dual problem individuals: an epidemiological study’, American Journal of Public Health, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 467–70. REF.14 GAMBLING
Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the Interpretation of the Rational Addiction Model, Discussion Paper no. 1996-1, Department of Economics, University of Guelph, January. Ferris, J. 1995, ‘Disease or behavior? Researchers can blend best of both approaches’, The Journal, Addiction Research Foundation, Canada, vol. 24, no. 6, November/December. ——, Stirpe, T. and Ialomiteanu, A. 1996, Gambling in Ontario: A Report from A General Population Survey on Gambling-Related Problems and Opinions, ARF research document series no. 130, Addiction Research Foundation, December, Toronto. ——, Wynne, H. and Single E. 1999, Measuring Problem Gambling in Canada: Fginal Report — Phase 1, Inter-Provincial Task Force on Problem Gambling, draft final report submitted for the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. Field, S. and Dunmore, J. 1997, The Impact of the National Lottery on the Horse- Race Betting Levy, Second Report, Home Office, United Kingdom, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/occ-lottery.pdf. Fisher, S. 1995, ‘Adolescent slot machine dependency and delinquency: questions on a question of methodology’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 11, pp. 303–10. Fisher, S.E. 1996, Gambling and Problem Gambling Among Casino Patrons. Flatt, A. 1998, ‘Overview of Internet Gambling’, Testimony to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission’ Hearing, May 21, http://www.ngisc.gov (accessed 4 August 1998). Focal Research 1998, 1997/98 Novia Scotia Video Lottery Players’ Survey, Department of Health (Nova Scotia), Problem Gambling Services, Canada. Foote, R. 1996, Aboriginal Gambling: A Pilot Study of Casino Attendance and the Introduction of Poker Machines into Community Venues in the Northern Territory, Discussion Paper 1/96, Centre for Social Research, Northern Territory University, Darwin. Foxwoods Casino 1999, Gaming, http://www.foxwoods.com/gaming.htm (accessed October 1999). Frank, M., Lester, D. and Wexler, A. 1991, ‘Suicidal behaviour among members of Gamblers Anonymous’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 7, pp. 249–54. Freedman, K., Champion, P. and Henderson, M. 1971, Seat Belts: A Survey of Usage and Attitudes, Traffic Accident Research Unit, Department of Motor Transport (NSW), February. REF.15
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
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Table S.4 Real government revenue f
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Table S.8 Real government revenue,
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Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Table S.16 Real government revenue
Page 363 and 364: Table S.20 Real government revenue
Page 373 and 374: Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
Page 375 and 376: However, the survey used a set of p
Page 377 and 378: T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
Page 381 and 382: such as France and the US (Casino I
Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
Page 385 and 386: intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
Page 387 and 388: considers that the machine price
Page 389 and 390: egular playing (30 years) the proba
Page 391 and 392: for an amount of time that is less
Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
Page 395 and 396: This does not mean that a person ca
Page 397 and 398: V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
Page 399 and 400: Differences in question wording and
Page 401 and 402: References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
Page 403 and 404: —— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
Page 405 and 406: Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
Page 407 and 408: ——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
Page 409 and 410: Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
Page 411 and 412: —— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
Page 413: ——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
Page 417 and 418: —— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
Page 419 and 420: Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
Page 421 and 422: ——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
Page 423 and 424: Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
Page 425 and 426: —— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
Page 427 and 428: —— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
Page 429 and 430: NT Select Committee (Select Committ
Page 431 and 432: Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
Page 433 and 434: Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
Page 435 and 436: Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
Page 437 and 438: —— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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