Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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—— and McConaghy N. 1989a, ‘Anxiety and/or depression in the pathogenesis of addictive gambling, International Journal of the Addictions, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 337–50. —— and McConaghy N. 1989b, ‘The medical model of pathological gambling: current shortcomings’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 10. pp. 129–45. —— and McConaghy N. 1994a, ‘Antisocial personality disorder and pathological gambling’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 129–45. —— and McConaghy N. 1994b, ‘Criminal offences in Gamblers Anonymous and hospital treated pathological gamblers’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 99–127. ——, McConaghy N. and Frankova, A. 1989, ‘Crime, antisocial personality and pathological gambling’, Journal of Gambling Behaviour, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 137– 52. ——, McConaghy N. and Frankova, A. 1991, ‘Control versus abstinence in the treatment of pathological gambling: a two to nine year follow-up’, British Journal of Addiction, vol. 86, pp. 299–306. —— and Silove, D. 1995, ‘Cognitive behavioral therapies for pathological gambling’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 11, pp. 195–220. —— and Silove, D. 1996, ‘Forensic issues in pathological gambling’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 30, pp. 38–49. —— and Steel, Z. 1996, Impulsivity, SOGS scores and impaired control, paper presented to the National Conference on Problem Gambling, Crime and Gaming Enforcement, Illinois. ——, Steel, Z. and McConaghy, N. 1997, ‘Impulsivity in pathological gambling: the antisocial impulsivist’, Addiction, vol. 92, pp. 75–87. ——, Walker, M., Sagris, A. and Dickerson, M. 1997, Psychological Aspects of Gambling Behaviour, The Australian Psychology Society, September. Blume, S. 1987, ‘Compulsive gambling and the medical model’, Journal of Gambling Behaviour, vol. 3, no. 4, pp.237–47. Bohm, P. 1987, Social Efficiency: A Concise Introduction to Welfare Economics, pp. 172–6. Boreham, P., Dickerson, M. and Harley, B. 1995, Evaluation of the Break Even Resource Centres for Problem Gamblers and Their Families: Report of the Second Year of the Study into the Social and Economic Impact of the Introduction of Gaming Machines to Queensland Clubs and Hotels, report prepared for the Department of Family and Community Services (Qld). REF.6 GAMBLING
——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B. 1996, ‘What are the social costs of gambling? the case of the Queensland machine gaming industry’, Australian Journal of Social Issues, vol. 31, no. 4, November. ——, Dickerson, M., Walsh, M., Harley, B., and Hogan, B. 1996, Problem Gambling and Criminal Behaviour in Queensland: A Report of the Second Year of the Study into the Social and Economic Impact of the Introduction of Gaming Machines to Queensland Clubs and Hotels, report prepared for the Department of Families, Youth and Community Care (Qld). Bowles, S. 1998, ‘Endogenous preferences: the cultural consequences of markets and other economic institutions’, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 36, no. 1, March. Brading, R. 1999, ‘Gambling or hazardous speculations, section 271 Bankruptcy Act — do we need it?’, New Directions in Bankruptcy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 34–7. Breslin, F., Sobell, M., Cappell, H., Vakili, S. and Poulos, C. 1999, ‘The effects of alcohol, gender and sensation seeking on the gambling choices of social drinkers’, Psychology of Addictive Behaviours, vol. 13, pp. 243–52. Brown, S., Johnson, K., Jackson, A.C., and Wynn, J. 1999, Who Picks Up The Tab?, Women’s Health West. Brown, R.I.F. 1987, ‘Pathological gambling and associated patterns of crime: comparison with alcohol and other drug addictions’, Journal of Gambling Behaviour, vol. 3, pp. 98–114. —— 1989, ‘Gaming, gambling, risk taking addictions and a developmental model of man-machine relationships’, in Klahberg, J., Croowall, D., De Jong, H. and Scheper (eds), Simulation Gambling, Pergamon Press, Oxford. ——1996, ‘Arousal and sensation-seeking components in the general explanation of gambling and gambling addictions’, The International Journal of the Addictions, vol. 21, pp. 1001–16. Brown, S. and Coventry, L. 1997, Queen of Hearts: The Needs of Women with Gambling Problems, Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc., August. Bruce, A.C. and Johnson, J.E.V. 1994, ‘Male and female betting behaviour: new perspectives’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 10, pp. 183–98. Bureau of Labour Statistics (US) 1999, ‘National employment, hours and earnings custom data extraction’, National Current Employment Statistics, http://stats.bls.gov/wh/cesbref3.htm (accessed October 1999) Byrne, Gabriela 1997, Free Yourself — a program for people with addictive gambling behaviour. REF.7
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
Page 355 and 356: Table S.4 Real government revenue f
Page 357 and 358: Table S.8 Real government revenue,
Page 359 and 360: Table S.12 Real government revenue
Page 373 and 374: Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
Page 375 and 376: However, the survey used a set of p
Page 377 and 378: T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
Page 381 and 382: such as France and the US (Casino I
Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
Page 385 and 386: intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
Page 387 and 388: considers that the machine price
Page 389 and 390: egular playing (30 years) the proba
Page 391 and 392: for an amount of time that is less
Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
Page 395 and 396: This does not mean that a person ca
Page 397 and 398: V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
Page 399 and 400: Differences in question wording and
Page 401 and 402: References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
Page 403 and 404: —— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
Page 405: Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
Page 409 and 410: Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
Page 411 and 412: —— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
Page 413 and 414: ——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
Page 415 and 416: Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
Page 417 and 418: —— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
Page 419 and 420: Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
Page 421 and 422: ——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
Page 423 and 424: Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
Page 425 and 426: —— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
Page 427 and 428: —— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
Page 429 and 430: NT Select Committee (Select Committ
Page 431 and 432: Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
Page 433 and 434: Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
Page 435 and 436: Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
Page 437 and 438: —— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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