Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Aztar Riverboat Casino 1999, What’s Hot, http://www.casinoaztar.com/whatshot.html (accessed October 1999). Baron, E., Dickerson, M. and Blaszczynski, A. 1995, The scale of gambling choices: preliminary development of an instrument to measure impaired control of gambling behaviour, paper presented to NAGS ‘95, Sixth National Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies, Curtin University, Fremantle, 28–30 September. Barrett, W. (forthcoming), ‘Gambling and public policy’, to be published in Public Affairs Quarterly, January 2000. Baseline Market Research 1996, Replication Study of Problem Gambling in New Brunswick, a report prepared for the New Brunswick Department of Finance. Bateman, G. and Conroy, R. 1999, ‘1998 Relationship Indicators: Views on Relationships Now and in the Future’, in Relationships into the New Millenium, Relationship Australia, ACT. Bear Claw Casino 1999, Bear Claw Casino and Lodge, http://www.bearclawcasino.com (accessed November 1999). Becker, G. and Murphy, K. 1988, ‘A Theory of Rational Addiction’, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 96, no. 4. Becona, E. 1996, ‘Prevalence Surveys and Pathological Gambling in Europe: The Cases of Germany, Holland and Spain’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol 12(2), Summer, pp. 179-192. Behrens, J. and Smyth, B. 1999, ‘Spousal support in Australia: a study of incidence and attitudes’, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Working Paper 16, June (www.aifs.org.au). Bell, T. 1999, ‘Internet gambling: popular, inexorable and (eventually) legal’, Policy Analysis, no. 336, March 8. Bennert, J. 1999, Rand Report on High–Tech Theft, 18 March 1999, http://www.web2.kpix.com/news/ (accessed June 1999). Bergler, E. 1957, The Psychology of Gambling, Hill and Wang, New York. BERL 1997, ‘Sensitivity analysis of gross win to price elasticities of demand’, in Responsible Gaming: A Commentary by the New Zealand Lotteries Commission on The Department of Internal Affairs’ Proposals for Gaming and Gambling contained in ‘Gaming — a New Direction for New Zealand’ and its Associated ‘Impact Reports’, New Zealand Lotteries Commission, Wellington. Better Regulation Task Force 1998, Consumer Affairs: Review, UK Central Office of Information, May. REF.4 GAMBLING
Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 1997, Reducing the Regulatory Burden: Does Firm Size Matter?, Industry Commission Staff Research Paper, AGPS, Canberra. BIE (Bureau of Industry Economics) 1995, Science Awareness and Understanding: How Australia Ranks in International Surveys, Occasional paper 30, AGPS, Canberra. Black, D. and Moyer T. 1998, ‘Clinical features and psychiatric comorbidity of subjects with pathological gambling behavior’, Psychiatric Services, vol. 49, pp. 1434–39. Bland, R., Neuman, S., Orn, H. and Stebelsky, R. 1993, Epidemiology of pathological gambling in Edmonton, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 38, pp. 108–12. Blaszczynski, A. 1988a, Clinical Studies in Pathological Gambling: Is Controlled Gambling an Acceptable Treatment Outcome?, doctoral dissertation, University of New South Wales, unpublished. —— 1996, Is pathological gambling an impulse control, addictive or obsessivecompulsive disorder?, paper presented to NAGS 96, Seventh National Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000: The Future of Gambling’, Adelaide, November. —— 1998b, Overcoming Compulsive Gambling, A Self-help Guide Using Cognitive Behavioural Techniques, Robinson Publishing, London. —— 1999, ‘A pathway model of problem and pathological gambling’, manuscript submitted to journal Addictions, and made available to the Commission. ——, Dumlao, V. and Lange, M. 1997, ‘How much do you spend gambling?’ Ambiguities in survey questionnaire items’, Journal of Gambling Studies, vol. 13, no. 3, Fall, pp. 237–52. —— and Farrell, E. 1998, A case series of 44 completed gambling-related suicides, paper presented to the Twelfth National Conference on Problem Gambling, Las Vegas, 18–21 June. —— and Maccallum 1999, ‘Suicidality and pathological gambling’, paper presented at the Second National Workshop on Problem Gambling and Mental Health, Compulsive Gambling Society of New Zealand, Auckland, 29–30 July. —— and McConaghy N. 1986, ‘Demographic and clinical data on compulsive gambling’, in Walker, M. (ed), Faces of Gambling, National Association for Gambling Studies, Sydney. —— and McConaghy N. 1988, ‘SCL-90 assessed psychopathy in pathological gamblers, Psychological Reports, vol. 62, no. 2, pp.547–52. REF.5
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
Page 353 and 354: S State and territory gambling data
Page 355 and 356: Table S.4 Real government revenue f
Page 357 and 358: Table S.8 Real government revenue,
Page 359 and 360: Table S.12 Real government revenue
Page 373 and 374: Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
Page 375 and 376: However, the survey used a set of p
Page 377 and 378: T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
Page 381 and 382: such as France and the US (Casino I
Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
Page 385 and 386: intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
Page 387 and 388: considers that the machine price
Page 389 and 390: egular playing (30 years) the proba
Page 391 and 392: for an amount of time that is less
Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
Page 395 and 396: This does not mean that a person ca
Page 397 and 398: V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
Page 399 and 400: Differences in question wording and
Page 401 and 402: References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
Page 403: —— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
Page 407 and 408: ——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
Page 409 and 410: Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
Page 411 and 412: —— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
Page 413 and 414: ——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
Page 415 and 416: Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
Page 417 and 418: —— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
Page 419 and 420: Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
Page 421 and 422: ——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
Page 423 and 424: Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
Page 425 and 426: —— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
Page 427 and 428: —— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
Page 429 and 430: NT Select Committee (Select Committ
Page 431 and 432: Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
Page 433 and 434: Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
Page 435 and 436: Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
Page 437 and 438: —— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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