Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission
Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission
loans at usurious rates may be finance companies, many will not be. Secondly, ‘loan sharking’ connotes the combination of a penal interest rate, and implies a sense of desperation in the borrower and a more threatening context for the loan. The questions may both have usefulness in identifying problem gamblers, but they may often relate to divergent behaviours. • In some cases, (for example, the Tasmanian and New South Wales studies) the question ‘Have you ever claimed to be winning money when you really had lost?’ was re-worded as ‘When I have lost at gambling I have bragged about winning. How often has that applied to you?’ ‘Bragged’ is an emotive term with pejorative overtones, and could lead to a possible downward bias in answers. • In the 1996 Tasmanian study, the original SOGS question ‘Did you ever gamble more than you intended to?’ was amended to ‘When I have gambled I have gone on longer than planned. In the last 6 months how often has that applied to you?’ The first question can relate to both expenditure and time, whereas the second only relates to time. • Also in the Tasmanian study, there are omissions and additions to questions relating to borrowing money for gambling. No question is asked on loan sharks, nor is there a question about writing cheques knowing there was no money in the account (passing bad cheques). Instead there is a question about borrowing from friends and another about borrowing from other sources. ‘Household’ money is rendered as the narrower term ‘housekeeping’ money. These alterations have unknown impacts on the specificity and sensitivity of the test. • The placement of the SOGS within the surveys has been different. In the New South Wales studies, the SOGS questions are interspersed among a range of other questions about the harmful and beneficial impacts of gambling, rather than appearing as a bloc. • In some cases, for example the 1997 Victorian study, the SOGS appears near the end of a very long survey, while in others, such as the 1996 Tasmanian study, the overall survey length is short and undemanding, probably improving the accuracy of responses. In summary, there have been significant differences in both the wording and placement of the SOGS in surveys implemented in Australia. This means that the variations in the prevalence rates observed will inevitably reflect an amalgam of real differences, random sampling errors and differences in test instruments and contexts. V.4 GAMBLING
References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission) 1998, see Wynne Resources Ltd and AADAC 1998. ABA (Australian Broadcasting Authority) 1999a, Commercial Radio Inquiry, transcript, 28 October, http://www.aba.gov.au/whats_new/radio_transcripts.htm, accessed November 1999. —— 1999b, Commercial Radio Inquiry, 22 October, http://www.aba.gov.au/- whats_new/radio_transcripts.htm, accessed November 1999. Abbott, M.W. and Volberg, R. 1991, Gambling and Problem Gambling in New Zealand: A Report on Phase One of the National Survey, Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand), Wellington. —— and Volberg, R. 1992, Frequent Gamblers and Problem Gamblers in New Zealand: Report on Phase Two of the National Survey of Problem Gambling, Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand), Wellington. ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) 1995, User Guide, 1993-94 Household Expenditure Survey, Australia, Cat. no 6527.0, ABS, Canberra. —— 1996a, Census of Population and Housing, State Summaries, http://www.abs.gov.au. —— 1996b, Clubs, Pubs, Taverns and Bars, Australia, 1994-95, Cat. no 8687.0, ABS, Canberra. —— 1996c, Detailed Expenditure Items, 1993-94 Household Expenditure Survey, Australia, Cat. No. 6535.0, ABS, Canberra. —— 1997, Prisoners in Australia, 1997, Results of the 1997 National Prisoner Census, ABS, Canberra. —— 1998a, Australian Standard Geographical Classification, Cat. no. 1216.0, ABS, Canberra. —— 1998b, Casinos, Australia, 1997-98, Cat. no. 8383.0, ABS, Canberra. –––– 1998c, Household Use of Information Technology, February 1998, Cat. no 8128.0, ABS, Canberra. —— 1998d, Mental Health and Wellbeing: Profile of Adults, Australia, 1997, Cat. no. 4326.0, ABS, Canberra. REF.1
- Page 349 and 350: Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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- Page 375 and 376: However, the survey used a set of p
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- Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
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- Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
- Page 385 and 386: intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
- Page 387 and 388: considers that the machine price
- Page 389 and 390: egular playing (30 years) the proba
- Page 391 and 392: for an amount of time that is less
- Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
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References<br />
AADAC (Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse <strong>Commission</strong>) 1998, see Wynne<br />
Resources Ltd and AADAC 1998.<br />
ABA (Australian Broadcasting Authority) 1999a, Commercial Radio Inquiry,<br />
transcript, 28 October, http://www.aba.gov.au/whats_new/radio_transcripts.htm,<br />
accessed November 1999.<br />
—— 1999b, Commercial Radio Inquiry, 22 October, http://www.aba.gov.au/-<br />
whats_new/radio_transcripts.htm, accessed November 1999.<br />
Abbott, M.W. and Volberg, R. 1991, <strong>Gambling</strong> and Problem <strong>Gambling</strong> in New<br />
Zealand: A Report on Phase One of the National Survey, Department of Internal<br />
Affairs (New Zealand), Wellington.<br />
—— and Volberg, R. 1992, Frequent Gamblers and Problem Gamblers in New<br />
Zealand: Report on Phase Two of the National Survey of Problem <strong>Gambling</strong>,<br />
Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand), Wellington.<br />
ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) 1995, User Guide, 1993-94 Household<br />
Expenditure Survey, Australia, Cat. no 6527.0, ABS, Canberra.<br />
—— 1996a, Census of Population and Housing, State Summaries,<br />
http://www.abs.gov.au.<br />
—— 1996b, Clubs, Pubs, Taverns and Bars, Australia, 1994-95, Cat. no 8687.0,<br />
ABS, Canberra.<br />
—— 1996c, Detailed Expenditure Items, 1993-94 Household Expenditure Survey,<br />
Australia, Cat. No. 6535.0, ABS, Canberra.<br />
—— 1997, Prisoners in Australia, 1997, Results of the 1997 National Prisoner<br />
Census, ABS, Canberra.<br />
—— 1998a, Australian Standard Geographical Classification, Cat. no. 1216.0,<br />
ABS, Canberra.<br />
—— 1998b, Casinos, Australia, 1997-98, Cat. no. 8383.0, ABS, Canberra.<br />
–––– 1998c, Household Use of Information Technology, February 1998, Cat. no<br />
8128.0, ABS, Canberra.<br />
—— 1998d, Mental Health and Wellbeing: Profile of Adults, Australia, 1997,<br />
Cat. no. 4326.0, ABS, Canberra.<br />
REF.1
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