Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Table S.2 Real gambling expenditure, Australia, $ million a 1972-73 1982-83 1992-93 1997-98 Racing TAB 865.439 908.602 1 395.286 1 437.444 On-course totalisators 152.702 189.747 186.022 142.989 On-course bookmakers 304.723 270.056 118.609 83.336 Off-course bookmakers 18.546 6.071 0.434 0.150 Sports betting - - 7.140 20.261 Total racing 1 341.409 1 374.476 1 707.491 1 684.180 Gaming Lotteries 254.739 107.499 69.527 56.943 Lotto 28.486 577.776 803.279 923.422 Instant lotteries - 196.527 281.166 224.839 Pools - 47.077 11.851 7.700 Casino 10.307 56.045 728.884 2 232.036 Minor gaming 10.307 143.761 343.009 194.907 Keno - - 60.908 170.898 Gaming machines 1 086.886 1 298.388 2 649.834 5 866.966 Sports betting - - 0.393 4.210 Total gaming 1 390.725 2 427.073 4 948.850 9 681.921 Total gambling 2 732.134 3 801.550 6 656.340 11 366.101 a Real values represent 1997-98 values; Casino gaming includes wagers on table games, gaming machines, and keno systems; Gaming machine data excludes gaming machine data from casinos. Source: Tasmanian Gaming Commission (1999). Table S.3 Real gambling expenditure, Australia, per capita a 1972-73 1982-83 1992-93 1997-98 Racing TAB 98.312 85.051 108.086 103.914 On-course totalisators 17.347 17.762 14.410 10.338 On-course bookmakers 34.616 25.279 9.188 6.024 Off-course bookmakers 2.107 0.568 0.034 0.011 Sports betting - - 0.553 1.465 Total racing 152.377 128.665 132.272 121.752 Gaming Lotteries 28.938 10.063 5.386 4.116 Lotto 3.236 54.084 62.226 66.755 Instant lotteries - 18.396 21.781 16.254 Pools - 4.407 0.918 0.557 Casino 1.171 5.246 56.463 161.356 Minor gaming 1.171 13.457 26.571 14.090 Keno - - 4.718 12.356 Gaming machines 123.468 121.538 205.270 424.128 Sports betting - - 0.030 0.304 Total gaming 157.979 227.198 383.367 699.917 Total gambling 310.357 355.863 515.639 821.669 a Real values represent 1997-98 values; Per capita represents persons over 18; Casino gaming includes wagers on table games, gaming machines, and keno systems; Gaming machine data excludes casinos. Source: Tasmanian Gaming Commission (1999). S.2 GAMBLING
Table S.4 Real government revenue from gambling, Australia, $ million a 1972-73 1982-83 1992-93 1997-98 Racing TAB 333.701 380.897 570.226 491.781 On-course totalisators 81.898 107.120 124.063 62.054 Bookmakers 96.646 74.440 26.799 17.857 Sports betting - - 2.307 3.143 Total racing 512.245 562.457 723.396 574.835 Gaming Lottery products np np 955.133 1 003.813 Casino np np 128.907 459.734 Minor gaming np np 19.730 8.434 Gaming machines np np 607.148 1 791.496 Sports betting np np - 0.644 Total gaming 479.468 1 036.502 1 710.765 3 264.121 Total gambling 991.714 1 598.959 2 434.161 3 838.956 a Real values represent 1997-98 values; Lottery products include lotteries, lotto, instant lotteries and pools; Casino gaming includes wagers on table games, gaming machines, and keno systems; Gaming machine data excludes gaming machine data from casinos and includes keno in hotels and clubs. Source: Tasmanian Gaming Commission (1999). New South Wales Table S.5 Real gambling turnover, New South Wales, $ million a 1972-73 1982-83 1992-93 1997-98 Racing TAB 2 257.134 2 411.399 3 575.084 3 554.474 On-course totalisators 433.875 551.456 536.486 394.923 On-course bookmakers 2 221.778 2 085.605 964.696 610.658 Off-course bookmakers - - - - Sports betting - - 21.562 50.625 Total racing 4 912.787 5 048.460 5 097.828 4 610.680 Gaming Lotteries 378.840 145.190 153.582 134.338 Lotto - 451.637 448.213 626.544 Instant lotteries - 265.687 193.489 171.288 Pools - 26.029 6.568 7.145 Casino - - - 2 635.039 Minor gaming - - - - Keno - - 193.204 384.400 Gaming machines 8 360.659 9 734.818 15 683.346 30 540.143 Sports betting - - - - Total gaming 8 739.499 10 623.361 16 678.401 34 498.897 Total gambling 13 652.286 15 671.821 21 776.229 39 109.577 a Real values represent 1997-98 values; Casino turnover is measured as casino handle, the value of money exchanged for gaming chips; Casino gaming includes wagers on table games, gaming machines, and keno systems; Gaming machine data excludes gaming machine data from casinos. Source: Tasmanian Gaming Commission (1999). STATE AND TERRITORY GAMBLING DATA S.3
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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Page 309 and 310: O Displacement of illegal gambling?
Page 311 and 312: survive together because they cater
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Page 317 and 318: Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Page 333 and 334: Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
Page 335 and 336: Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
Page 337 and 338: Relationship status The greater inv
Page 339 and 340: Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
Page 341 and 342: The pattern of an increased feminis
Page 343 and 344: R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
Page 345 and 346: Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
Page 347 and 348: Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
Page 349 and 350: Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
Page 351 and 352: • The penalty has become less sev
Page 353: S State and territory gambling data
Page 357 and 358: Table S.8 Real government revenue,
Page 359 and 360: Table S.12 Real government revenue
Page 373 and 374: Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
Page 375 and 376: However, the survey used a set of p
Page 377 and 378: T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
Page 381 and 382: such as France and the US (Casino I
Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
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Page 393 and 394: U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
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Page 397 and 398: V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
Page 399 and 400: Differences in question wording and
Page 401 and 402: References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
Page 403 and 404: —— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
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Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
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——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
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Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
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—— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
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——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
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Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
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—— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
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Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
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——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
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Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
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—— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
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—— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
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NT Select Committee (Select Committ
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Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
Page 433 and 434:
Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
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Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
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—— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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