Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Q.3 What are the general patterns that emerge? Comparisons of problem gambling prevalence and profiles in different countries show varying patterns. The data reveal some general characteristics of problem gamblers which are consistent with the results of the Commission’s surveys: • single and young people are over-represented; • problem gambling varies with ethnicity; • while males typically still account for a greater share of problem gamblers, feminisation of problem gambling is a world-wide phenomenon; and • the people who are found to be problem gamblers in general population studies are somewhat different from those in treatment groups, with implications for service delivery. WHO ARE THE PROBLEM GAMBLERS? Q.13
R Bankruptcy and gambling This appendix begins by examining the number of bankruptcies in Australia by cause, age, state and territory and over time. It then looks at the prosecution of bankrupts for gambling related offences under section 271 of the Bankruptcy Act 1966. Finally, participants criticisms of section 271 are examined to assess whether the section should be revoked. Background Over 24 000 new business and non-business bankruptcies were declared in 1997-98. Less than 2 per cent, or 317 bankrupts stated that the main cause for bankruptcy was gambling or speculation (box R.1). • The main self-attributed causes of business bankruptcies were economic conditions, excessive interest and lack of business ability. • Unemployment, domestic discord and excessive use of credit were the major causes stated for non-business bankruptcies (table R.1). Table R.1 Number of new bankruptcies by self attributed cause 1997-98 Cause Number Per cent Business bankruptcies Lack of capital 518 11 Lack of business ability 569 12 Failure to keep proper books 111 2 Economic conditions 720 15 Seasonal conditions 92 2 Excessive interest 520 11 Inability to collect debts 128 3 Excessive drawings 198 4 Gambling or speculation 94 2 Other causes 1 896 39 Total 4 846 100 Non-business bankruptcies Unemployment 7 082 36 Domestic discord 2 611 13 Excessive use of credit 2 274 12 Ill health 1 326 7 Adverse litigation 720 4 Liabilities on guarantees 239 1 Gambling or speculation 223 1 Other causes 5 052 26 Total 19 527 100 Data source: Inspector-General in Bankruptcy (1998). BANKRUPTCY AND GAMBLING R.1
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Page 307 and 308: Box N.4 Comments on market segments
Page 309 and 310: O Displacement of illegal gambling?
Page 311 and 312: survive together because they cater
Page 313 and 314: P Spending by problem gamblers The
Page 315 and 316: Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
Page 317 and 318: Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Page 335 and 336: Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Page 339 and 340: Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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Page 349 and 350: Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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Page 353 and 354: S State and territory gambling data
Page 355 and 356: Table S.4 Real government revenue f
Page 357 and 358: Table S.8 Real government revenue,
Page 359 and 360: Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Page 377 and 378: T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
Page 379 and 380: Table T.3 Method Various estimates
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Page 383 and 384: Table U.2 An example of an outcome
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U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
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This does not mean that a person ca
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V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
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Differences in question wording and
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References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
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—— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
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Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
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——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
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Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
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—— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
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——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
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Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
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—— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
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Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
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——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
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Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
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—— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
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—— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
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NT Select Committee (Select Committ
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Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
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Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
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Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
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—— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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