Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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for some gambling categories, such as gaming machines, wagering and casino table games. Table P.2 The Australian gambling market, 1987-98 Gambling mode ABS 1997-98 Tasmanian Gaming Commission 1997-98 PC National Gambling Survey March 1998 - March 1999 Hybrid measure $ million $ million $ million $ million Gaming machines 6400.8 5867.0 a 3719.8 6400.8 Total wagering (excluding sportsbetting) 1600.2 1663.9 g 901.4 1600.2 Total sportsbetting 23.4 24.5 50.6 23.4 Lotteries, lotto style and pools 1179.1 988.1 1679.7 1179.1 Scratchies 246.4 224.8 130.6 246.4 Keno Club keno 175.7 170.9 h .. 175.7 Casino keno 33.4 .. .. 33.4 Total keno 209.1 .. 315.1 209.1 Casino table games Table games including foreigners 1431.6 2232.0 b .. 1431.6 Foreign losses 536.5 .. .. 536.5 By residents 895.1 747.2 895.1 Internet casino games .. .. 27.4 27.4 d Other commercial (bingo etc) .. 194.9 c 189.3 189.3 e Private games .. .. 178.2 178.2 Commercial gambling involving Australian 10554.1 .. 7761.1 10770.8 f residents Total gambling by Australian residents .. .. 7939.3 10949.0 Commercial gambling total 11090.6 11366.1 i .. 11090.6 a This excludes gaming machines in casinos. b This includes gaming machines in casinos and casino keno. c This includes minor gaming forms such as bingo and some raffles. d This is included in the hybrid measure because the official statistics will have failed to pick up data on such internet gambling. e This is the preferred measure of ‘other’ for the hybrid measure because the Commission’s National Gambling Survey did not include raffles. f This is the definitionally appropriate measure of gambling when calculating the magnitude of gambling expenditure by Australian residents. It excludes foreign gambling in casinos and private games and raffles. It is not perfect. It fails to subtract tourist spending on gambling outside of casinos (but this is believed to be small), and in the case of internet gaming and ‘other’ the hybrid measure combines data from April 1998 to April 1999 with other data for 1997-98. g This updates the published Tasmanian Gaming Commission data to take account of a slight underestimation of the expenditure through the Tasmanian TAB. h This updates the published Tasmanian Gaming Commission data to include club keno from Queensland. i This updates the total expenditure data published by the Tasmanian Gaming Commission (see notes g and h). Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999, 1997-98, Gambling Industries, Australia, Cat. no. 8684.0, June; Tasmanian Gaming Commission Database 1997-98 (including unpublished updates) and PC National Gambling Survey. P.4 GAMBLING
Table P.3 Concentration of outlays on commercial gambling, Australia a Gambling type Top 10% of spenders share of aggregate outlay Top 5% of spenders share of aggregate outlay Ratio of median to mean Mean outlay of the top 10% of spenders % % ratio $ Gaming machines 76.7 62.8 0.24 7 750 Wagering 82.1 64.6 0.16 10 011 Scratchies 56.3 41.7 0.33 409 Lotteries 39.0 33.1 0.63 1 498 Casino table games 78.7 64.8 0.13 12 532 All commercial gambling 72.9 59.4 0.33 10 377 a Based on outlays of gamblers, not player losses. Source: PC National Gambling Survey. Figure P.1 Distribution of commercial gambling outlays 70.0 60.0 50.0 Frequency 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 >7000 >6500 to 7000 >6000 to 6500 >5500 to 6000 >5000 to 5500 >4500 to 5000 >4000 to 4500 >3500 to 4000 >3000 to 3500 >2500 to 3000 >2000 to 2500 >1500 to 2000 >1000 to 1500 >500 to 1000 >0 to 500 Outlay $ a These data are outlays on commercial gambling (not player losses) from the PC National Gambling Survey, and exclude private games for money and raffles. These data have not been adjusted to take account of under enumeration of gambling expenditure. Data source: PC National Gambling Survey. One view is that gambling is like other consumer goods in showing such a pattern of concentrated consumer spending. Some data on US lotteries was provided to the Commission to support this and to infer that such a pattern would be similar for other gambling products. According to this view, the concept of problem gambling SPENDING BY PROBLEM GAMBLERS P.5
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Page 271 and 272: Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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Page 275 and 276: Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
Page 277 and 278: Poker machines In most states, lice
Page 279 and 280: Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
Page 281 and 282: Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
Page 283 and 284: Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
Page 285 and 286: Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
Page 287 and 288: N.1 Characteristics of machines of
Page 289 and 290: Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
Page 291 and 292: Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
Page 293 and 294: The following discussion of gaming
Page 295 and 296: Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
Page 297 and 298: Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
Page 299 and 300: Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
Page 301 and 302: Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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Page 305 and 306: N.2 Market segments As with many ot
Page 307 and 308: Box N.4 Comments on market segments
Page 309 and 310: O Displacement of illegal gambling?
Page 311 and 312: survive together because they cater
Page 313 and 314: P Spending by problem gamblers The
Page 315: Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Page 337 and 338: Relationship status The greater inv
Page 339 and 340: Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
Page 341 and 342: The pattern of an increased feminis
Page 343 and 344: R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
Page 345 and 346: Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
Page 347 and 348: Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
Page 349 and 350: Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
Page 351 and 352: • The penalty has become less sev
Page 353 and 354: S State and territory gambling data
Page 355 and 356: Table S.4 Real government revenue f
Page 357 and 358: Table S.8 Real government revenue,
Page 359 and 360: Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Table S.28 Real government revenue
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Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
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However, the survey used a set of p
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T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
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Table T.3 Method Various estimates
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such as France and the US (Casino I
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Table U.2 An example of an outcome
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intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
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considers that the machine price
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egular playing (30 years) the proba
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for an amount of time that is less
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U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
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This does not mean that a person ca
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V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
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Differences in question wording and
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References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
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—— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
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Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
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——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
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Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
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—— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
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——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
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Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
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—— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
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Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
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——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
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Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
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—— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
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—— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
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NT Select Committee (Select Committ
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Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
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Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
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Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
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—— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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