Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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US Canada New Zealand UK 200 426 465 a 22 567 492 j 2 540 352 s 43 934 626 bb 582 605 b 38 000 VLTs and 20 000 k 14 311 machines t 220 000 AWPs, 33 000 cc slots outside casinos, 1440 in casinos. jackpot/club machines, 13 200 pinball/pusher/crane grab $29.43 billion c $1.87 billion (VLT only) l $411 million u $3.87 billion dd 29 26 62 59 $650 d $540 m $550 v $930 ee $150 $80 (VLT only) $160 $90 $50 500 $32 200 (VLT only) $26 100 $14 500 States differ in terms of venues. 203 Indian casinos e Global caps apply in some provinces. VLTs in (or moving to) licensed areas. Slots (and some VLTs) in casinos. n Gaming machines in licensed areas and casinos. w Some (low stake) AWPs in cafes and shops. Other machines in licensed venues Denominations US5c to US$500 (A7c to A$735), but most are US25c (A37c). Multiple coins and lines available, but more limited than Australia. Due to lever pull and automatic pay out of winnings, games likely to be slightly longer than Australian games. f Slot denominations C5c to C$100 (A5c to A$103). Maximum bet on VLT is C$2.50. Multiple line bets available. g Average speed 5 sec. VLTs have faster games, slots have slower. Eg: experienced VLT players can complete games in 2 secs. $705 $186 (VLT) o Maximum NZ$2.50 (A$2.17) bet for machines outside casinos. Casino machines no limit. p Similar to Australian machines. $156 (outside casino) x y Maximum bet 30p (A73c) for AWPs and 50p (A$1.20) for club or jackpot machines. Machines accept coins from 2p to £1 (A5c to $2.42). Money inserted cannot be withdrawn, must be played. Initial game can be over quickly, but if the player wins the chance to progress the total game time can be up to a minute or more. $130 (jackpot machine) States differ. h Bill acceptors q Bill acceptors z No bill acceptors (but industry is seeking this). Progressive jackpots available. Some machines automatically pay out winnings. i VLTs and slots credit wins. Progressive jackpots available. For VLTs, payout button gives winners a receipt which is redeemable for cash. r Cash prizes (non casino machines limit of NZ$2.50 (A$2.17), casino machines no limit). Wins are credited. Progressive jackpots. aa Automatic pay out of wins. No progressive jackpots. AWPs pay up to £15 (A$36). Club machines pay up to £1000 (A$ 2417) (casinos), £500 (A$1209) (bingo clubs), or £250 (A$604) (other clubs). Crane grab pays soft toy. a Population 18 and over US Census Bureau 1999a; b sub D257; c <strong>Commission</strong> rough estimate only (underestimate, as this is the result of an addition of 1997 casino slot win from Klatzkin et al (1998) and 1996 VLT expenditure from Dept of Business (Hawaii) (1997, p. 71)); d Bureau of Labor Statistics (US) 1999; e GAO (US) 1998, p. 4; f table N.2 ; Casino International 1999b. j Population 20 and over (data grouping constraints) US Census Bureau 1999b; k, l, n, o, p, q, r sub. D222, Azmier J., Canada West Foundation, pers. comm. 9 and 10 Nov 1999; Azmier and Smith 1998, McNabb, W., Alberta Gaming and Liquor <strong>Commission</strong>, Canada, pers. comm., 2 and 4 Nov 1999, Bear Claw Casino 1999, Casino Regina 1999, Casino Windsor 1999, Casino Rama, Casino Niagara 1999, Palace Casino 1999, m Statistics Canada 1999. s Population 20 and over (data grouping constraints) US Census Bureau 1999b; t 1999 rough estimate u rough indicative expenditure estimate only (casino machine expenditure is estimated thus: Sky City machine win per day x 363 days x 1440 machines) w, x, y, z, aa, Osmond, M., Department of Internal Affairs (NZ), pers. comm., 5 and 8 Nov 1999; v Statistics New Zealand 1999. bb Population 20 and over (data grouping constraints) US Census Bureau 1999b; cc (rough estimate only) , dd, ff, gg, hh, ii, jj White, J. BACTA, pers. comm. 15 and 22 Nov 1999; sub. D222; Kavanaugh, T. Gaming Board for Great Britain, pers. comm., 9 Nov 1999; Lockyer, A. ,UK Home Office, pers. comm, 29 Oct 1999, Casino International 1999a, Clegg 1999; ee UK National Statistics Online 1999. ff gg hh ii jj INTERNATIONAL GAMING MACHINES N.5
Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Connecticut, Missouri, Nevada, Colorado, 1997-98. Australia a Indiana Connecticut Adult population 13 831 000 4 381 829 b 2 483 354 h No. of machines 1 184 526 15 169 c 8 512 i Expenditure ($ local currency) Expenditure per machine ($ local currency) No. of venues with gaming machines A$5.9 billion US$1.03 billion d US$1.04 billion j A$32 000 US$67 800 US$122 700 5866 venues. 9 riverboats (no Native American casinos). e 2 Native American casinos K Range of possible bets per game ($ local currency) Other ($ local currency) Denominations A1c to A$2. Maximum bet in many pubs and clubs is A$10. Up to ten credits and nine lines. Can use money to wager. Bill acceptors. Denominations US5c to US$100. Almost all (94%) of machines are US$1 denomination or below, half (48%) are US25c machines. Must use tokens/credits to wager. Average loss of US$30 per person per riverboat excursion on slot machines. f g Denominations US25c to US$500. Multi-game video machines in US25c and US$1 denominations. Can use money to wager, most machines have bill acceptors. l m 1 Information was insufficient to apportion into drawcard and reel machines. a For references, see table N.1. Indiana — b US Bureau of the Census 1999a; c IGC 1998, ch. 6; d IGC 1998, ch. 6; e IGC 1998, GAO (US) 1998, p. 6; f IGC 1998, ch. 6; g Office of Code Revision IC 4-33-9-11, IGC 1998, ch. 6. Connecticut — h US Bureau of the Census 1999a; i Division of Special Revenue 1998, p. 8; j Division of Special Revenue 1998 p. 5; k Division of Special Revenue 1998; GAO (US) 1998, p. 6; l Foxwoods Casino 1999, Mohegan Sun Casino 1999; m Mohegan Sun Casino 1999. N.6 GAMBLING
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Australia’s Gambling Industries I
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Contents of other volumes Volume 1
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Australian Capital Territory Federa
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Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
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Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
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Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
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Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
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N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
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Australian Hotels Association (SA)
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Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
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BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
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B Participation in gambling: data t
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Table B.2 Participation in gambling
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Table B.4 Participation in gambling
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product in excess of the price paid
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C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
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from increased consumption resultin
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Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
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Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
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Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
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Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
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Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
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s n = share of gambling expenditure
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Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
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• the triangular area ’g’ whi
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The Commission’s treatment falls
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Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
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demand may become elastic, as peopl
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There are a number possible explana
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• Firstly, there has been extraor
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E Gambling in indigenous communitie
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The pattern of institutionally-base
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chase the “miracles” offered by
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F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
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F.2 The questionnaire Development o
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The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
Page 239 and 240: Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
Page 241 and 242: L Survey of Counselling Services Th
Page 243 and 244: Several academics working in the ar
Page 245 and 246: L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
Page 247 and 248: Number of clients The survey includ
Page 249 and 250: Characteristics of gambling clients
Page 251 and 252: counselling because of someone else
Page 253 and 254: Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
Page 255 and 256: Table L.20 Approaches used to help
Page 257 and 258: Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
Page 259 and 260: More specifically, agencies said fu
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Page 271 and 272: Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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Page 275 and 276: Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
Page 277 and 278: Poker machines In most states, lice
Page 279 and 280: Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
Page 281 and 282: Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
Page 283 and 284: Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
Page 285 and 286: Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
Page 287 and 288: N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Page 297 and 298: Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Page 305 and 306: N.2 Market segments As with many ot
Page 307 and 308: Box N.4 Comments on market segments
Page 309 and 310: O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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Page 315 and 316: Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
Page 317 and 318: Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Page 321 and 322: Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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Page 327 and 328: P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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Page 335 and 336: Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Page 339 and 340: Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
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Table S.4 Real government revenue f
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Table S.8 Real government revenue,
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Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
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However, the survey used a set of p
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T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
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Table T.3 Method Various estimates
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such as France and the US (Casino I
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Table U.2 An example of an outcome
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intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
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considers that the machine price
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egular playing (30 years) the proba
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for an amount of time that is less
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U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
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This does not mean that a person ca
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V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
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Differences in question wording and
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References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
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—— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
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Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
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——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
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Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
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—— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
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——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
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Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
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—— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
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Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
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——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
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Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
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—— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
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—— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
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NT Select Committee (Select Committ
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Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
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Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
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Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
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—— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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