Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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Table B.4 Participation in gambling by employment status and personal status, all gamblers Per cent of adults who participated in the last 12 months (per cent of gamblers) Form of gambling All groups Married (66) Separated or divorced (6) Widowed (4) Played poker or gaming machines 39 36 (61) 41 (6) 32 (3) 47 (29) at a club 30 29 (63) 34 (6) 22 (3) 35 (28) at a hotel/pub 18 15 (57) 19 (6) 11 (3) 25 (34) at a casino 17 15 (58) 17 (6) 11 (3) 24 (33) Bet on horse or greyhound races 24 23 (62) 25 (6) 13 (2) 30 (29) on-course 13 13 (63) 14 (6) 6 (2) 16 (29) off-course 19 18 (62) 22 (6) 10 (2) 23 (29) by phone 3 3 (67) 4 (7) 2 (2) 3 (23) via the internet .. .. (82) .. (..) .. (5) .. (13) Played lotto or other lottery game 60 65 (72) 59 (6) 51 (3) 48 (19) a weekly lottery game 57 62 (72) 55 (6) 44 (3) 46 (19) a daily lottery game 12 13 (70) 15 (7) 14 (5) 10 (19) Bought instant scratch tickets 46 49 (70) 50 (6) 37 (3) 40 (21) Played keno at a club/hotel/casino/other 16 15 (64) 18 (7) 10 (2) 18 (27) Played table games at a casino 10 7 (47) 6 (4) 3 (1) 21 (48) Played bingo at a club or hall 5 4 (58) 6 (7) 8 (7) 5 (28) Bet on a sporting event 6 5 (54) 7 (7) 1 (1) 10 (39) Played an internet casino game .. .. (28) 1 (9) .. (..) 1 (63) Played games privately for money 5 4 (53) 6 (6) 2 (2) 9 (39) Played any other gambling activity 1 .. (42) 4 (31) 1 (4) 1 (23) Participated in any gambling activity 82 81 (66) 85 (6) 71 (4) 83 (24) a .. indicates less than 0.5 per cent; Numbers in brackets beneath the headings represent the per cent of each group in the adult population eg. 66 per cent of adult Australians are married. Source: PC National <strong>Gambling</strong> Survey. Single (24) B.5
C Estimating consumer surplus C.1 What is consumer surplus? The consumer surplus from the purchase of any quantity of a product is the difference in dollars between the amount which the consumer pays for this product and the maximum amount which the consumer would be prepared to pay rather than do entirely without the product. For a group of consumers, this can be understood by observing that at a given price a certain quantity of a product will be sold in the market. If the price falls, more of the product is sold, and both the original and new consumers who purchase at the new lower price are better off. The original consumers, who had been willing to pay the higher price, have gained a consumer surplus on their original purchases equivalent to the difference between the old and new prices. In other words, consumer surplus occurs when consumers pay less for a good or service than they are willing to pay for that good or service. The gain, in terms of consumer surplus, from the introduction of a new product is illustrated in figure C.1 below. Figure C.1 Consumer surplus Price p 2 Dc D x 2 x Quantity The consumer surplus resulting from the introduction of a new product can be represented by the area underneath the demand schedule (or demand curve) for that ESTIMATING CONSUMER SURPLUS C.1
Page 1 and 2: Australia’s Gambling Industries I
Page 3: Contents of other volumes Volume 1
Page 6 and 7: Australian Capital Territory Federa
Page 8 and 9: Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
Page 10 and 11: Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
Page 12 and 13: Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
Page 14 and 15: Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
Page 16 and 17: N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
Page 18 and 19: Australian Hotels Association (SA)
Page 20 and 21: Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
Page 22 and 23: BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
Page 24 and 25: B Participation in gambling: data t
Page 26 and 27: Table B.2 Participation in gambling
Page 30 and 31: product in excess of the price paid
Page 32 and 33: C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
Page 34 and 35: from increased consumption resultin
Page 36 and 37: Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
Page 38 and 39: Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
Page 40 and 41: Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
Page 42 and 43: Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
Page 44 and 45: Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
Page 46 and 47: s n = share of gambling expenditure
Page 48 and 49: Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
Page 50 and 51: • the triangular area ’g’ whi
Page 52 and 53: The Commission’s treatment falls
Page 54 and 55: Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
Page 56 and 57: demand may become elastic, as peopl
Page 58 and 59: There are a number possible explana
Page 60 and 61: • Firstly, there has been extraor
Page 62 and 63: E Gambling in indigenous communitie
Page 64 and 65: The pattern of institutionally-base
Page 66 and 67: chase the “miracles” offered by
Page 68 and 69: F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
Page 70 and 71: F.2 The questionnaire Development o
Page 72 and 73: The use of this sampling approach m
Page 74 and 75: Box F.1 List of gambling activities
Page 76 and 77: • Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
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Table S.4 Real government revenue f
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Table S.8 Real government revenue,
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Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
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However, the survey used a set of p
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T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
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Table T.3 Method Various estimates
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such as France and the US (Casino I
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Table U.2 An example of an outcome
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intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
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considers that the machine price
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egular playing (30 years) the proba
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for an amount of time that is less
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U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
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This does not mean that a person ca
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V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
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Differences in question wording and
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References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
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—— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
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Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
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——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
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Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
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—— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
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——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
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Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
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—— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
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Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
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——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
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Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
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—— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
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—— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
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NT Select Committee (Select Committ
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Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
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Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
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Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
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—— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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