Australia's Gambling Industries - Productivity Commission

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B Participation in gambling: data tables Chapter 3 summarised the participation profiles of gamblers based on findings from the Commission’s National Gambling Survey. This appendix presents the more detailed survey data. The tables provide information on the socio-demographic profiles of gamblers as a whole, by state and territory, location, gender, age, income, education, and personal status. The following information is provided by each socio-demographic characteristic: • the proportion of gamblers who participated, in a particular gambling activity (non-bracketed figures in each column); • of those who gambled, the proportion of gamblers who participated in a particular activity (bracketed figures in each column); and • the proportion of each group in the population (bracketed figure under each column heading). For example, table B.1 shows that: • 45 per cent of Victorians played gaming machines compared with 39 per cent of Australians; and • of those that gambled on gaming machines 29 per cent were from Victoria. This is more than Victoria’s representation in the population — Victorians form 25 per cent of Australia’s population. Similarly, table B.2 shows that: • 40 per cent of people aged between 18 and 24 purchased a lottery product compared with 60 per cent of all adults; and • of those that purchased a lottery product 9 per cent were aged between 18 and 24. This is less than their representation in the adult population — 13 per cent of adults are aged between 18 and 24. PARTICIPATION IN GAMBLING: DATA TABLES B.1
Table B.1 Participation in gambling by state and location, all gamblers Per cent of adults who participated in the last 12 months (per cent of gamblers) Form of gambling Australia NSW (34) Vic (25) Qld (18) SA (8) WA (10) Tas (2) ACT (1) NT (2) Metropolitan (65) Non-metropolitan (35) Played poker or gaming machines 39 39 (34) 45 (29) 41 (20) 41 (9) 16 (4) 36 (2) 37 (2) 33 (1) 38 (64) 39 (35) at a club 30 35 (39) 34 (29) 36 (22) 19 (5) 5 (2) 18 (1) 37 (2) 12 (..) 28 (61) 33 (39) at a hotel/pub 18 14 (28) 23 (33) 17 (17) 37(17) 3 (2) 25 (4) 3 (..) 10 (1) 17 (63) 19 (37) at a casino 17 12 (23) 22 (32) 20 (22) 18 (9) 15 (9) 27 (4) 5 (..) 27 (1) 18 (70) 15 (30) Bet on horse or greyhound races 24 26 (36) 25 (26) 20 (15) 19 (6) 27 (11) 31 (3) 28 (2) 28 (1) 25 (66) 23 (33) on-course 13 14 (35) 15 (29) 11 (15) 8 (5) 17 (12) 12 (2) 13 (2) 9 (1) 13 (64) 14 (36) off-course 19 21 (37) 19 (25) 17 (16) 16 (7) 18 (9) 26 (3) 21 (2) 22 (1) 19 (66) 19 (34) by phone 3 3 (31) 4 (33) 3 (19) 3 (8) 2 (6) 3 (3) 2 (1) 1 (..) 3 (63) 3 (36) via the internet .. .. (68) .. (11) .. (21) .. (..) .. (..) .. (..) .. (1) .. (..) .. (54) .. (46) Played lotto or other lottery game 60 54 (31) 62 (26) 64 (20) 55 (7) 74 (12) 52 (2) 53 (1) 63 (1) 58 (63) 63 (37) a weekly lottery game 57 47 (28) 60 (27) 64 (20) 54 (8) 74 (13) 50 (2) 52 (1) 60 (1) 56 (63) 59 (37) a daily lottery game 12 29 (79) 4 (9) .. (..) 8 (5) 4 (3) 9 (2) 14 (2) 1 (..) 12 (60) 14 (40) Bought instant scratch tickets 46 47 (35) 33 (18) 66 (26) 32 (6) 53 (11) 40 (2) 43 (1) 39 (1) 42 (59) 53 (41) Played keno at a club/hotel/casino/other 16 16 (33) 11 (18) 25 (29) 14 (7) 9 (6) 34 (5) 13 (1) 21 (1) 15 (59) 18 (41) Played table games at a casino 10 10 (34) 14 (35) 7 (12) 7 (6) 9 (9) 9 (2) 8 (1) 12 (1) 12 (74) 8 (26) Played bingo at a club or hall 5 5 (38) 5 (30) 4 (16) 3 (5) 3 (6) 5 (3) 5 (2) 4 (1) 4 (58) 5 (42) Bet on a sporting event 6 8 (42) 5 (20) 3 (10) 8 (10) 9 (13) 6 (3) 6 (2) 4 (1) 7 (68) 6 (32) Played an internet casino game .. .. (21) 1 (64) .. (12) .. (..) .. (..) .. (3) .. (1) .. (1) .. (67) .. (34) Played games privately for money 5 5 (30) 6 (29) 4 (14) 10 (15) 5 (9) 6 (3) 4 (1) 3 (1) 6 (70) 5 (30) Played any other gambling activity 1 1 (29) .. (15) 1 (23) .. (4) 1 (23) .. (..) .. (1) 4 (6) 1 (62) 1 (39) Participated in any gambling activity 82 80 (33) 81 (25) 86 (19) 77 (8) 84 (10) 77 (2) 80 (2) 80 (1) 80 (63) 84 (37) a .. indicates less than 0.5 per cent; Numbers in brackets beneath the headings represent the per cent of each group in the adult population eg. 18 per cent of adult Australians are from Queensland. Source: PC National Gambling Survey. B.2
Page 1 and 2: Australia’s Gambling Industries I
Page 3: Contents of other volumes Volume 1
Page 6 and 7: Australian Capital Territory Federa
Page 8 and 9: Tasmania Wrest Point Casino New Zea
Page 10 and 11: Marianne James Prof Jan McMillen Pe
Page 12 and 13: Canberra, 30 November 1998 Senator
Page 14 and 15: Sydney, 16-17 September 1999 Rev Fr
Page 16 and 17: N Ward 28 Evelyn Jago 29 Territory
Page 18 and 19: Australian Hotels Association (SA)
Page 20 and 21: Women’s Health West 176 Norfolk I
Page 22 and 23: BetSafe Group - Paul Symond Consult
Page 26 and 27: Table B.2 Participation in gambling
Page 28 and 29: Table B.4 Participation in gambling
Page 30 and 31: product in excess of the price paid
Page 32 and 33: C.2 Consumer surplus in the gamblin
Page 34 and 35: from increased consumption resultin
Page 36 and 37: Figure C.2 Tax and consumer surplus
Page 38 and 39: Table C.3 Price elasticities of dem
Page 40 and 41: Figure C.3 Consumer surplus for pro
Page 42 and 43: Box C.1 continued (e) That part of
Page 44 and 45: Table C.4 continued Wagering Lotter
Page 46 and 47: s n = share of gambling expenditure
Page 48 and 49: Figure C.6 Demand for gambling by p
Page 50 and 51: • the triangular area ’g’ whi
Page 52 and 53: The Commission’s treatment falls
Page 54 and 55: Box C.4 Explaining the lack of vari
Page 56 and 57: demand may become elastic, as peopl
Page 58 and 59: There are a number possible explana
Page 60 and 61: • Firstly, there has been extraor
Page 62 and 63: E Gambling in indigenous communitie
Page 64 and 65: The pattern of institutionally-base
Page 66 and 67: chase the “miracles” offered by
Page 68 and 69: F National Gambling Survey F.1 Intr
Page 70 and 71: F.2 The questionnaire Development o
Page 72 and 73: The use of this sampling approach m
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Box F.1 List of gambling activities
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• Big spending regular or less fr
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Questions asked of all respondents
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Comparisons of aggregate expenditur
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elated to their gambling — all
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Interview duration As with any ques
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ecause of non-payment), while there
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• post-weighting the sample data
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particular area/age/gender cell fro
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esult in turn reflects the survey p
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F.11 Contact and participation rate
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Being aware of the need to minimise
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NATIONAL GAMBLING SURVEY F.31
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F.52 GAMBLING
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F.54 GAMBLING
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F.56 GAMBLING
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F.58 GAMBLING
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F.60 GAMBLING
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F.62 GAMBLING
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F.64 GAMBLING
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F.66 GAMBLING
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G Survey of Clients of Counselling
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G.3 Question by question A1 to A3
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D23 — is concerned with the mecha
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of problem gambling (eg how many ch
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CLIENT SURVEY G.9
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CLIENT SURVEY G.11
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CLIENT SURVEY G.13
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CLIENT SURVEY G.15
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CLIENT SURVEY G.17
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CLIENT SURVEY G.19
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CLIENT SURVEY G.21
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CLIENT SURVEY G.23
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CLIENT SURVEY G.25
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Problem gamblers may subsequently b
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For a subset of 856 clients in 1996
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Table H.3 Variable Logistic estimat
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Prison, South Australia’s main re
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• “Has your gambling ever led y
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elicit information on vocational, f
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This finding is consistent with the
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H.5 What crimes do problem gamblers
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Other more violent crimes such as b
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But as noted above, police statisti
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H.8 Problem gambling and loan shark
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epayments were required — but mos
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State Gaming Authorities data The s
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Table I.2 Unweighted estimation Med
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machines. There is no statistically
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Figure I.2 Expenditure on gaming ma
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Weighted results The Commission’s
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Table I.7 Summary of Victorian metr
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Table I.9 Summary of Queensland reg
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it is likely to represent the more
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Table J.1 presents the information
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suffer from some of the adverse con
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• costs of gambling counselling s
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To the extent that borrowed money i
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This fee is only taken in estates w
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• for a higher estimate, the numb
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The Commission has assumed that the
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• to estimate the income lost ove
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the Commission has used this estima
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• 336 people receiving a jail sen
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states offer up to $50 000 each for
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As indicated in table J.6, where pr
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seen as part of the informal contra
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Almost all divorce cases are uncont
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of their gambling during the period
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Suicide ideation The Commission’s
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Table J.10 continued People a Per p
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Table J.12 Value of annual transfer
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pathological and problem gamblers a
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Table K.2 Summary of cost estimates
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L Survey of Counselling Services Th
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Several academics working in the ar
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L.4 Survey results Nature of agenci
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Number of clients The survey includ
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Characteristics of gambling clients
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counselling because of someone else
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Table L.17 Full time equivalent pai
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Table L.20 Approaches used to help
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Table L.24 Gambling clients ending
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More specifically, agencies said fu
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Centacare (Whyalla) Centre for Anxi
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SURVEY OF COUNSELLING SERVICES L.23
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Table M.1 Major forms of gambling t
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and sport development fund. In some
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Tax on keno In New South Wales, the
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Poker machines In most states, lice
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Table M3: Gaming machine taxation b
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Table M3: (continued) Hotels: Levie
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Table M4: (continued) NSW VIC QLD W
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Table M5: (continued) OTHER GAMBLIN
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N.1 Characteristics of machines of
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Table N.1 Australia, Japan, United
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Table N.2 Australia, Indiana, Conne
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The following discussion of gaming
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Canada Broadly speaking, Canada has
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Figure N.4 Japanese pachislo machin
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Winnings Progressive jackpots are p
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Bets and losses Bets and losses on
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In Japan, the minimum amount requir
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N.2 Market segments As with many ot
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Box N.4 Comments on market segments
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O Displacement of illegal gambling?
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survive together because they cater
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P Spending by problem gamblers The
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Table P.1 Outlays, player losses an
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Table P.3 Concentration of outlays
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Figure P.2 Distribution of outlay b
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Table P.4 Expenditure shares of pro
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is adjusted for biases in its estim
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ACIL (sub. D233. p. 48) claimed tha
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P.5 Estimating the expenditure shar
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expenditures shares are shown in ta
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of counselling agencies is necessar
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Table Q.2 Employment status of prob
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Table Q.3 continued Study Average a
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Relationship status The greater inv
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Table Q.6 Gender of problem gambler
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The pattern of an increased feminis
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R Bankruptcy and gambling This appe
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Table R.2 Age profile of bankrupts,
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Table R.5 New bankruptcies per mill
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Figure R.2 continued Western Austra
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• The penalty has become less sev
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S State and territory gambling data
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Table S.4 Real government revenue f
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Table S.8 Real government revenue,
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Table S.12 Real government revenue
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Dickerson et al (1998, p. 79) for e
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However, the survey used a set of p
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T.3 The logistic approach The NORC
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Table T.3 Method Various estimates
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such as France and the US (Casino I
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Table U.2 An example of an outcome
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intensity on the 85.15 per cent Cas
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considers that the machine price
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egular playing (30 years) the proba
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for an amount of time that is less
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U.6 The gambler’s fallacy Gambler
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This does not mean that a person ca
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V Use of the SOGS in Australian gam
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Differences in question wording and
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References AADAC (Alberta Alcohol a
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—— 1998, Efficient Tobacco Taxa
Page 405 and 406:
Bickerdyke, I. and Lattimore, R. 19
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——, Dickerson, M. and Harley, B
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Campbell, C. and Smith G. 1998, Can
Page 411 and 412:
—— and Winefield, A.H. 1996, Co
Page 413 and 414:
——, Baxter, P., Boreham, P., Ha
Page 415 and 416:
Ferguson, B. 1996, A Note on the In
Page 417 and 418:
—— 1997, Legalised Gambling as
Page 419 and 420:
Horner, T. and Bradfield, G. 1998,
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——, Marston, A., Singer, R., Wi
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Gambling Studies, ‘Towards 2000:
Page 425 and 426:
—— 1995b, Social impacts of urb
Page 427 and 428:
—— and Ohtsuka, K. 1999, ‘The
Page 429 and 430:
NT Select Committee (Select Committ
Page 431 and 432:
Prosser, G., Breen, H., Weeks, P. a
Page 433 and 434:
Single, E., Collins, D., Easton, B.
Page 435 and 436:
Thomas, S., Jackson, A., Thomason,
Page 437 and 438:
—— 1997, Gambling and Problem G
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