RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
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page 76 of 142 <strong>RIVM</strong> <strong>report</strong> 773301 001 / NRP <strong>report</strong> 410200 051<br />
were estimated from country-specific values for septic tanks, latrines, open sewers and wastewater<br />
treatment in urban and rural areas following the methodology and assumptions of Doorn HWDO (1997).<br />
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In addition, several national greenhouse gas inventories <strong>report</strong>s mention a methane recovery rate of<br />
about 75% for their with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore we tentatively assumed a<br />
75% methane recovery for all WWTPs, which amounts to a global total of about 0.6 Tg. The<br />
resulting emissions of the new category are presented in Fig. 4.8. According to this dataset, the<br />
emissions from waste water treatment and disposal increased from 19 to 33 Tg in the period 1970-<br />
1995, with 85% stemming from waste water disposal, i.e. from latrines, septic tanks and open sewers.<br />
This leads to the conclusion that landfills and domestic and industrial wastewater disposal (latrines,<br />
septic tanks, open sewers, and WWTPs) appear to contribute about the same to global methane<br />
emissions.<br />
For domestic waste burning (i.e. by households for non-energetic purposes, just to get rid of the<br />
refuse) we tentatively assumed that about 10 kg waste per urban capita is burned per year E\ XUEDQ<br />
KRXVHKROGVin less developed countries. This values has been adopted from Gupta HWDO (1998) who<br />
use the assumption that in India about 10 kg/cap is burnt per urban household per year. This is about<br />
5% of total waste generation per household in India. In rural areas of LDC we assume no<br />
uncontrolled burning in addition to the agricultural residue burning and biofuel use that is already<br />
accounted for in another source category (either all domestic waste is assumed to be dumped or the<br />
amount burnt for non-energy purposes is neglected). In contrast, for industrialised countries, we<br />
assume that domestic waste burning only occurs in rural areas, where waste incineration regulation is<br />
less well controlled. Based on NMVOC data for the USA (Nizich and Pope, 1998) we estimate the<br />
amount burned at 250 kg/cap per year for households LQUXUDODUHDV of OECD'90 countries, except in<br />
Western European countries and Japan, where we assume that this amount is much lower. For these<br />
countries, as well as for EIT countries, we tentatively assume a burning rate of 25 kg/cap for rural<br />
households per year.