RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
page 74 of 142 <strong>RIVM</strong> <strong>report</strong> 773301 001 / NRP <strong>report</strong> 410200 051<br />
For k we use as GHIDXOWVN DQG, depending on the regions. In practice the value can<br />
vary between 0.005-0.4 year. N = 0.95 when using k = 0.21; doubling or halving the k-value gives the<br />
range for N of 0.90-0.98 (the extremes mentioned give 0.82-1.00 as range).<br />
To calculate the actual emissions in year W the methane generated should be corrected for any<br />
amount recovered 5 (e.g. used energetically or flared) and the fraction of methane 2; that is oxidised<br />
in the upper layers of waste and in the site cover material, before it is released to the atmosphere:<br />
where:<br />
R(t) = Recovered amount of CH 4 [Gg/yr]; GHIDXOW<br />
OX = Oxidation factor [fraction]; H[FHSW IRU2(&'DQG(,7 (IPCC default is 0)<br />
Results of this model are presented in Fig. 4.6.<br />
Emissions E(t) = [G(t) - R(t)] * (1 - OX)<br />
&+IURPODQGILOOVLQFOXGLQJPHWKDQHUHFRYHU\<br />
7J<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
6287+($67$6,$<br />
($67$6,$<br />
6287+$6,$<br />
0,''/(($67<br />
$)5,&$<br />
/$7,1$0(5,&$<br />
)250(58665<br />
($67(51(8523(<br />
-$3$1<br />
2&($1,$<br />
2(&'(8523(<br />
86$<br />
&$1$'$<br />
)LJ7UHQGLQJURVVPHWKDQHHPLVVLRQVIURPODQGILOOVXVLQJDILUVWRUGHUGHFD\PRGHOLQFOXGLQJ<br />
PHWKDQHUHFRYHU\<br />
According to our analysis, global total net landfill emissions increased from 15 to 23 Gg in the 1970-<br />
1995 period. This includes the effect of increasing amounts of methane being recovered and<br />
combustion for energy purposes or flared, which increased from virtually 0 to 2.5 and 4.3 Gg in 1990<br />
and 1995, respectively (see Table 4.9). Figure 4.6 clearly shows the impact on emissions from the<br />
USA in the early '90s. Table 4.12 shows how the amount of waste deposited into landfills has<br />
increased over time but started to decrease in the 1990's in the USA and in the countries of the former<br />
USSR.