RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
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page 68 of 142 <strong>RIVM</strong> <strong>report</strong> 773301 001 / NRP <strong>report</strong> 410200 051<br />
have this emission factor of 19. Interpolation is used for the emission factors between 1975 and<br />
1990.<br />
The emission factors for N 2 O from adipic acid production were determined by the fraction abatement<br />
assumed:<br />
ú According to Reimer HWDO (1992) globally 32% of N 2 O from adipic acid manufacture in 1990<br />
was abated and on average 53% of the emissions from Du Pont plants, including 98% abatement<br />
at the Du Pont plant in Victoria, USA.<br />
ú Our production data from SRI (1998) (smoothed and averaged) and point source information<br />
from Castellan HWDO (1991) leads to the conclusion that on average 22% of the non-Du Pont plant<br />
emissions were abated in 1990.<br />
For other years we assumed that the emission factors have remained constant.<br />
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Basically, for EDGAR 3.0 the emission factors for 1995 are imported from EDGAR 2.0 (1990)<br />
without any changes except for an improved data format for Europe and the USA. However certain<br />
developments influencing emission factors that have taken place during the first half of the 1990s<br />
cannot be ignored. Updated emission factors, or another mix of sub-activities, for 1995 will be<br />
required for sources such as coal mining, gasoline cars, shifting type of rice cultivation, landfills with<br />
gas recovery. In addition, also for power plants and some industries in countries where additional<br />
control technology e.g. for SO 2 and NO x has been installed. For extension of emission factors for CH 4<br />
and N 2 O towards 1970 similar considerations have been made.<br />
Given the limited resources available for the 1995 update it was decided to focus only on the most<br />
important developments and changes that might influence emission factors. There are many sectors in<br />
which important emission reduction measures have been implemented. For the update of the 1990<br />
EDGAR 3.0 emission factors to 1995 the following three sectors have been selected: large<br />
combustion plants, mobile sources and solvent use.<br />
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For coal mining, we used the same country-specific emission factors for underground and surface<br />
mining, respectively, as in EDGAR 2.0 for 1990. However, the steadily increasing share of surface<br />
mining in total hard coal and brown coal production results in decreasing emissions as the emission<br />
factor for surface mining is much lower than for underground mining. Therefore we used countryspecific<br />
information of the largest producing countries to compile for EDGAR 3.0 a dataset for the<br />
split of national total production into surface and underground mining in the period 1970-1995.<br />
Taking into account this shift, it appears that the impact on global methane emissions by and large<br />
compensates the increasing trend of total coal production (see Fig. 4.4).<br />
Another reason why global total coal mining emissions remained more or less constant in the<br />
'80s and '90s is the increasing amount of methane recovered (and combustion for energy purposes or<br />
flared), which increased to 1 and 2 Gg in 1990 and 1995, respectively (see Table 4.9).