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page 68 of 142 RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051
have this emission factor of 19. Interpolation is used for the emission factors between 1975 and
1990.
The emission factors for N 2 O from adipic acid production were determined by the fraction abatement
assumed:
ú According to Reimer HWDO (1992) globally 32% of N 2 O from adipic acid manufacture in 1990
was abated and on average 53% of the emissions from Du Pont plants, including 98% abatement
at the Du Pont plant in Victoria, USA.
ú Our production data from SRI (1998) (smoothed and averaged) and point source information
from Castellan HWDO (1991) leads to the conclusion that on average 22% of the non-Du Pont plant
emissions were abated in 1990.
For other years we assumed that the emission factors have remained constant.
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Basically, for EDGAR 3.0 the emission factors for 1995 are imported from EDGAR 2.0 (1990)
without any changes except for an improved data format for Europe and the USA. However certain
developments influencing emission factors that have taken place during the first half of the 1990s
cannot be ignored. Updated emission factors, or another mix of sub-activities, for 1995 will be
required for sources such as coal mining, gasoline cars, shifting type of rice cultivation, landfills with
gas recovery. In addition, also for power plants and some industries in countries where additional
control technology e.g. for SO 2 and NO x has been installed. For extension of emission factors for CH 4
and N 2 O towards 1970 similar considerations have been made.
Given the limited resources available for the 1995 update it was decided to focus only on the most
important developments and changes that might influence emission factors. There are many sectors in
which important emission reduction measures have been implemented. For the update of the 1990
EDGAR 3.0 emission factors to 1995 the following three sectors have been selected: large
combustion plants, mobile sources and solvent use.
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For coal mining, we used the same country-specific emission factors for underground and surface
mining, respectively, as in EDGAR 2.0 for 1990. However, the steadily increasing share of surface
mining in total hard coal and brown coal production results in decreasing emissions as the emission
factor for surface mining is much lower than for underground mining. Therefore we used countryspecific
information of the largest producing countries to compile for EDGAR 3.0 a dataset for the
split of national total production into surface and underground mining in the period 1970-1995.
Taking into account this shift, it appears that the impact on global methane emissions by and large
compensates the increasing trend of total coal production (see Fig. 4.4).
Another reason why global total coal mining emissions remained more or less constant in the
'80s and '90s is the increasing amount of methane recovered (and combustion for energy purposes or
flared), which increased to 1 and 2 Gg in 1990 and 1995, respectively (see Table 4.9).