RIVM report xxxxxx xxx

RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051 page 67 of 142
ú NO x from savannah burning (almost half lower, but well within the 2 range);
ú NMVOC from temperate vegetation fires (5 times as high);
ú SO 2 from savannah burning (twice as high, at the upper side of the 2 range).
So we may conclude that all EDGAR 3.2 emission factors are within the uncertainty of the data set
presented recently, except for NMVOC from temperate vegetation fires, which we based on figures
reported by Hobbs et al. (1996).
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CH 4 N 2 O CO NO x NMVOC SO 2 NH 3
Deforestation 6.8±2.0 0.2 104±20 2.5±1.6 8.1±3.0 0.57±0.23 1.3
Savannah burning 2.3±0.9 0.21±0.10 65±20 6.0±3.8 3.4±1.0 0.35±0.16 0.6-1.5
Agricultural waste burning 2.7 0.07 92±84 3.8±1.7 7 0.4 1.3
Temperate vegetation fires 4.7±1.9 0.26±0.07 107±37 4.6±2.3 5.7±4.6 1 1.4±0.8
Biofuel: fuelwood 6.1±2.2 0.06 78±31 1.7±1.1 7.3±4.7 0.27±0.30 1.3
Note: one figure, a range and (value ñ standard deviation) corresponds with one, two or more than two
measurements, respectively.
After an evaluation of available data sources for biofuel use (see references listed in Table 4.8),
including measurement data that has been published recently, we selected the emission factors in
Table 4.8 for use in EDGAR 3. The largest differences compared with EDGAR V2.0 are found in:
ú CH 4 and CO from dung (doubled) and vegetal waste (+50%);
ú NO x from fuelwood (doubled); NMVOC from wood waste (1/10 of the old value);
ú SO 2 from vegetal waste (+50%).
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Biofuel type CH 4 N 2 O CO NO x NMVOC SO 2 NH 3 References
Fuelwood 300 4 5000 150 600 15 55 2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
Charcoal 150 1 7000 100 100 20 55 2,3,6,8,9
Agricultural waste 300 3 5000 150 600 60 55 3,5,11
Dung 400 4 7000 250 800 400 55 2,3,5,11
Wood waste 400 4 4700 100 65 15 0 4
Charcoal production 1000 1 7000 10 1700 5 3 2,3,7,8,9,10
Sources: 2 (Berdowski HW DO, 1993); 3 (Veldt and Berdowski, 1995); 4 (Olivier HW DO, 1999); 5 (Smith and
Ramakrishna, 1990); 6 (Smith HWDO, 1993); 7 (Delmas, 1993); 8 (Delmas HWDO, 1995); 9 (Brocard HWDO, 1996);
10 (USEPA, 1985); 11 (Joshi HWDO, 1989); 12 (Ellegard and Egneus, 1992).
The emission factors for N 2 O from nitric acid (NA) production have been compiled using the
emission factors provided in the IPCC *RRG3UDFWLFH*XLGDQFHreport (IPCC, 2001):
ú For 1990 we used 1.2 kg/ton for the 20% NA plants in the world equipped with Non-Selective
Catalytic Reduction (NSCR) control technology (this is the lower end of the 1.12-2.5 range)
(Choe HWDO 1993). For other NA plants without NSCR we use the emission factor of 9 kg/ton
(average of the 8-10 range default for non-NSCR) (IPCC, 2001). We assume that all NSCR plants
are within OECD; i.e. of the 68% of total world production in OECD countries, 20% points have
an emission factor of 1.2 and the other 48% points has an emission factor of 9. Since we do not
know which OECD plants are equipped with NSCR, we use the weighted average emission factor
of 6.7 for all OECD countries. For non-OECD countries the default of 9 kg/ton is used.
ú According to Choe/EMFA cited in the IPCC (2001), older plants, i.e. pre 1975, may have
emission factors around 19 kg/ton. Therefore we assume that all NA plants in 1975 and earlier