RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
RIVM report xxxxxx xxx
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page 66 of 142 <strong>RIVM</strong> <strong>report</strong> 773301 001 / NRP <strong>report</strong> 410200 051<br />
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IDFWRUDVXVHGLQ('*$5<br />
Fuel type<br />
Carbon content<br />
(kg C/GJ)<br />
Fraction stored<br />
(-)<br />
Emission factor<br />
(kg C/GJ)<br />
Ibid.<br />
(kg CO 2 /GJ)<br />
Bitumen 22.0 1 0 0<br />
Ethane 16.8 0.8 12.3 45.2<br />
Gas/Diesel oil 20.2 0.5 37.0 135.8<br />
LPG 17.2 0.8 12.6 46.2<br />
Lubricants 20.0 0.5 36.7 134.5<br />
Naphtha 20.0 0.75 18.3 67.2<br />
Coke-oven coke&lignite coke 29.5 0.75 27.0 99.1<br />
Gas coke 29.5 0.75 27.0 99.1<br />
Natural gas 15.3 0.33 37.6 137.8<br />
Other derived gases 15.3 0.33 37.6 137.8<br />
Source: IPCC (1997).<br />
7DEOH(PLVVLRQIDFWRUVLQ('*$5IRULQWHUQDWLRQDOVKLSSLQJEDVHGRQ&RUEHWWHWDODQG<br />
,3&&NJ*-)<br />
Compound<br />
Emission factor HFO<br />
(kg/GJ)<br />
Emission factor diesel<br />
(kg/GJ)<br />
NO x 1700 1700<br />
SO 2 1500 (3%) 500 (1%)<br />
CO 15 30<br />
NMVOC 3 3<br />
7DEOHD(PLVVLRQIDFWRUVLQ('*$5IRUELRPDVVEXUQLQJYHJHWDWLRQILUHVJNJ&<br />
Source CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O CO NMVOC NO x NH 3 SO 2<br />
Deforestation 3667 10 0.11 1) 200 10 4 1.85 1.4<br />
Savannah burning NA 5.3 0.07 133 9 7.9 1.85 1.4<br />
Agricultural waste burning NA 6.7 0.165 133 16 6 1.85 1.4<br />
Temperate vegetation fires 3667 10 0.22 300 40 12 1.85 1.4<br />
Fuelwood 100 2) 6.8 0.08 64.3 13.5 1.4 1.4 0.2<br />
)XHOZRRGJ*-<br />
<br />
<br />
1)<br />
Excluding post-burn effects (Bouwman HWDO, 1997).<br />
2) 10% of C content, comparable with an unsustainable production at about 10% (reference value, to indicate<br />
possible order of magnitude).<br />
7DEOHE(PLVVLRQIDFWRUVLQ('*$5IRUYHJHWDWLRQILUHVODUJHVFDOHILHOGLQJNJGP<br />
Source CH 4 N 2 O CO NO x NMVOC SO 2 NH 3<br />
Deforestation 5.6 0.055 1) 111.0 3.6 7.7 0.7 0.93<br />
Savannah burning 2.2 0.033 66.5 3.6 5.5 0.7 0.93<br />
Agricultural waste burning 6.7 0.083 116.5 4.1 7.8 0.7 0.93<br />
Temperate vegetation fires 5.6 0.055 111.0 3.6 40.0 0.7 0.93<br />
1)<br />
Excluding post-burn effects (Bouwman HWDO, 1997).<br />
Recently, Andreae and Merlet (2001) compiled a comprehensive set of emission factors based on 130<br />
publications (Table 4.7). Comparison with this set shows that most of the EDGAR 3.2 emission<br />
factors are in line or within the uncertainty of the reference set presented in this recently published<br />
review paper. Marked differences are:<br />
ú CH 4 in agricultural waste burning (twice as high, however based on only one measurement, thus<br />
very uncertain);<br />
ú N 2 O from temperate vegetation fires (twice as high, at the upper side of the 2 range);<br />
ú N 2 O from deforestation (4 times lower, however based on only one measurement, thus very<br />
uncertain);<br />
ú N 2 O from savannah burning (6 times lower, near the lower side of the 2 range);