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RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051 page 65 of 142
In the process of updating 1990 activity data with more recent statistical datasets, these levels are
often changed to a lesser or larger degree. This is caused by the phenomenon that statistics of activity
data of the most recent years tend to change during a couple of years after the first compilation. This
happens in particular in non-OECD countries, however, also in industrialised countries this
phenomenon can be observed, although in these countries the changes are often only minor. In
addition, data for the former USSR have become rather weak due to inconsistencies between the sum
of the new countries and the 1990 data for the former USSR.
Moreover, international statistics often do not include full time series for all countries. Often for
the most recent year(s) as well as in the more distant past data are missing. For industrial production
statistics this has been 'repaired' by extrapolating at constant levels to 1995 and linearly back to 1970
in these cases. Interpolation was used when intermediate years were missing. For the so-called 'new'
countries (e.g. of the former USSR), extrapolation of the official time series back in time was done by
applying the annual growth rates of the former country to all new countries.
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As a result of the validation of EDGAR 2.0 with other global and regional emission inventories it was
decided that several items should be modified for the reference year 1990. Compared to Version 2.0
the following amendments have been made for 1990:
ú The emission factors for 1990 for direct greenhouse gases CO 2 ,CH 4 and N 2 O have been brought
more in line with the defaults recommended in the 5HYLVHG ,3&& *XLGHOLQHV IRU
*UHHQKRXVH*DV,QYHQWRULHV (IPCC, 1997) and for reference purposes any departures from them
will be clearly identified. For CO 2 from fossil fuel use, emission factors per detailed fuel type are
used as recommended as default in the 5HYLVHG ,3&& *XLGHOLQHV, including the default
fractions of fuel not oxidised (in V2.0: one aggregated factor for coal, oil and gas). For CO 2 from
non-energy use of fossil fuels we used the default carbon storage factors recommended by the
5HYLVHG ,3&&*XLGHOLQHV (see Table 4.4). This also means that the agricultural emissions
have been changed substantially by the inclusion of ‘indirect’ emissions of N 2 O. Other examples
of areas where emission factors were updated are CH 4 from rice and landfills (see separate
sections 4.2.4.5 and 4.2.4.6).
ú Global default emission factors for NO x , CO and NMVOC for the following non-road transport
activities are updated: Rail transport, Inland water, Other land-non-road and Non-specified
transport. Emission factors are entered for coal, diesel oil and gasoline when applicable. These
new EDGAR factors are taken from the EMEP-CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory
Guidebook.
ú Global default emission factors for NO x and SO 2 for sea ships have been updated; in particular the
emission factor for NO x has increased significantly. The new emission factors for NO x and SO 2
are based on Corbett HWDO(1997, 1999) and for others on the IPCC default values (IPCC, 1997)
(see Table 4.5).
ú Global emission factors for biomass burning (savannah burning, deforestation, agricultural waste
burning) have been updated, based on existing GEIA inventories and default values
recommended by IPCC (1997) (see Table 4.6.a and b). The emission factors for biofuels were
updated based on a recent literature review, which are similar to the default values recommended
in IPCC (1997). The main differences with the emission factors for vegetation fires in EDGAR
2.0 are the factors for CH 4 and CO from agricultural waste burning and for NO x from
deforestation fires, which are presently about half of the old values.