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page 60 of 142 RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051 $FWLYLW\GDWD Next, data were collected for the period 1970-1995. A major part could be drawn from IEA (energy), UN (supplementary energy, industrial production) and FAO (agriculture) databases. But for some source like biofuels and specific industrial production of commodities like adipic acid, nitric acid and fluorinated carbons country statistics are not readily available. For each of these latter compounds additional data sources were found and used. See Box 4.1 for an overview of data sources used. For Latin American countries ELRIXHO statistics from OLADE were used for the period 1970-1995 (OLADE, 1999, pers. comm). For other developing countries biofuel data in 1990 have been based on Hall HWDO (1994), as in EDGAR 2.0, with biofuel type splits from EDGAR 2.0 (Olivier HWDO., 1996, 1999), which includes vegetal waste used as fuel. For these other less developed regions the time series 1970-1995 was constructed by extrapolating the 1990 dataset towards 1970 and 1995, according to the trends in urban and rural population. In OECD’90 and EIT countries (Economies-In- Transition, i.e. Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union countries) fuelwood and charcoal consumption (also production) was based on FAO (1998b), thereby replacing any IEA data for biofuel combustion in the ‘Other sector’ in these countries. For biofuel combustion in industry and power generation in OECD’90 countries, we used the data as provided in the IEA dataset (IEA, 1997). However these data were often not provided for all years and all countries. The resulting dataset for biofuel consumption shows an increase in the total global amount of non-commercial biofuel use from 28 EJ in 1970 to 33, 39 and 42 EJ in 1980, 1990 and 1995, respectively. It is stressed, though, that these estimates are very uncertain. Production data of FHPHQWQLWULFDFLGLURQDQGVWHHODQGYDULRXVFKHPLFDOV were based on UN Industrial Commodity Statistics (UN, 1997). However, for many countries interpolations and extrapolations were necessary to arrive at complete time series per country for 1970-1995. Special attention had to be given to new EIT countries, in particular to former SU countries, to match the older totals for the former countries. Cement production data were supplemented with data from the USGS. For DGLSLFDFLGSURGXFWLRQdata were taken from SRI (1998) (smoothed and averaged); steel production was split into different technologies using data from IISI (1998), supplemented with UN data. If we compare global total QLWULFDFLG(NA) production in 1990 or 1995 as reported by the UN (7.3 Mton) with industry estimates of 56 Mton, then 40% is missing in the UN statistics (even after correcting the statistics for a major country from units in N to full molecular mass). This large discrepancy may be partly explained by the fact that NA is often an intermediate product of which a large part is not sold externally. Thus, manufacturing companies and countries may not always report according to the definition asked for, e.g. only reporting production for external sales, thereby neglecting production at the plant as intermediate product that is processed by the same company. We got a clear indication of this phenomenon when we realised that most NA produced is used for nitrogen fertiliser production (only about 10% is used for other uses, e.g. adipic acid production). Looking at national fertiliser statistics by FAO and IFA shows that 31 countries produce either ammonium nitrate (AN), calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) or other complex nitrogen fertilisers, without a corresponding production of NA according to the UN statistics. Apparently, these countries did not sell any NA produced externally and also did not report the production of NA as intermediate. This is a substantial amount: the total amount of N of these countries as NA accounts for 10.7 Mton or about 15% point of the 40% gap. Therefore we decided to bring the NA production dataset in line with industry estimates by the following procedure: (a) we started with the UN dataset, corrected and inter/extrapolated where necessary; (b) subsequently we added the NA equivalent of the 31 N fertiliser producing countries not included in the UN set; (c) we added 40% to the NA production data of the UN set in order to match the required total, assuming this fraction underreporting by these countries.
RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051 page 61 of 142 %R[2YHUYLHZRIGDWDVRXUFHIRUDFWLYLW\GDWDLQ('*$5 (1(5*< >5,* 5HYLVHG,3&&*XLGHOLQHV@ $&RQVXPSWLRQ ú Fossil fuel: IEA (112) (sectoral) + UN (IEA split for 71 small countries) + chemical industry: CHE/NEC split + road gasoline: fraction catalyst equipped cars ú Biofuel: BUN + OLADE for non-OECD + fuel/sector split for non-OLADE IEA for OECD countries, for Industry and Transformation only + FAO Fuelwood/charcoal (in Other sector) %3URGXFWLRQ IEA + UN (+ charcoal ~ FAO + own estimates) + coal 60-77: hard coal/brown coal split in CAN, CZE, MEX, ESP, TUR, BUL, NKO, SLV + coal: split Underground/Surface FAO Charcoal ,1'8675,$/352&(66(6 ú Cement: UN + USGS } CO 2 ú Soda ash: UN+ } ú Steel: UN+ + IISI: type split (OHF/BOF/EAF) }CH 4 ú Chemicals: UN+ } ú Adipic Acid: SRI (+ rounding/avg.) } N 2 O ú Nitric Acid: cf. Bøckmann indicators } ú HCFC/HFC: AFEAS + UNEP + own estimates } HFC/ ú Aluminium: UN+ + USGS + World Alu Directory: technology split } PFC ú Semi-conduct.: (DataQuest) } PFC/SF 6 ú SF6 application: S&PA (CESP/RAND) } ú Magnesium: UN+ + USGS } SF 6 ú GDP: Worldbank+ (+others) (OECD/CEPII) } ú Electricity cons.: IEA (+ UN; see 1) } 62/9(176352'8&786( ú N 2 O consumption: population ~ UN/WB+; GDP/cap. ~WB/UN+ + kg/cap. estimate $*5,&8/785( ú Animals: FAO + cattly split dairy/non-dairy + manure management types cf. RIG + /HUQHUHWDO for Caribous ú Rice: FAO + 40% correction for China + area harvested by type cf. FAO-database + split intermitted/continuously flooded cf. RIG+ ú N-fertilisers: FAO + IFIA + organic fertiliser use cf. RIG ú N-fixation: FAO + correction cf. Mosier/RIG ú Savanna burning: FAO (ha)+ +DRHWDO ú Agric. waste burn.: FAO + fraction burned by type cf. %RXZPDQHWDO + own estimate for fr. waste ú Deposition: NH 3 /NO x emission cf. GEIA/EDGAR ú Leaching/runoff: 1) N-fertiliser ~ FAO x factors cf. RIG 2) N-manure ~ FAO x factors cf. RIG /8&) ú Deforestation: FAO (ha) + ton/ha cf. 5,* ú Sinks: (FAO) (ha) + ton/ha cf. 5,* ú Wildfires: UN/ECE + ton/ha cf. 5,* :$67( ú Landfills: population (urban/rural) ~ UN/WB+ + kg/cap generated + fraction landfilled + fraction BOD: cf. RIG+ ú Waste incineration: 1) controlled: see landfills + fraction for energy: cf. IEA 2) uncontrolled: population ~UN.WB+ + kg/cap cf. 712 ú Waste water: 1) domestic: population ~ UN/WB+ 2) industrial: 5 commodities ~ UN+ x kg water/ton product cf. 'RRUQHWDO + fraction treated cf 'RRUQHWDO ú Human sewage N 2 O: protein/cap ~FAO + fraction treated cf. RIG+
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