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page 48 of 142 RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051 overall consumption has slightly decreased (by 6%). Since 1986, the CFC consumption in the former USSR has decreased by 60%, whereas the consumption in China has increased by 60% since 1990 (by 140% since 1986) (see Fig. 2.9 and UNEP, 1997abc). 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Consumption total Emission total Consumption reported Emisssion reported 600 400 200 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 )LJ*OREDOFRQVXPSWLRQDQGHPLVVLRQVRIR]RQHGHSOHWLQJVXEVWDQFHVNWRQ2'3HTXLY 350 300 250 H D U \ 3 ' Q 2 N WR 200 150 1986 1990 1994 100 50 0 * Zero in 1994 EU-15 USA* Japan Russian Federation China (Article 5) Other Article 5 countries )LJ7UHQGLQ&)&FRQVXPSWLRQE\YDULRXVFRXQWULHVLQWKHSHULRGNWRQ2'3HTXLY Fig. 2.8 presents the trend in global consumption and emissions from 1980 onwards. The emissions of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs of the so-called reported consumption decreased in 1995 by 12% compared to 1994, whereas compounds still in use in products that will eventually be released to the atmosphere decreased by 10% (AFEAS, 1997). While the trend in emissions was similar to the trend in
RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051 page 49 of 142 consumption till 1994, since that time is the annual decrease in emissions (of about 14%) is about half the annual decrease in consumption (about 30%). This is caused by the part of the compounds consumed that are embedded in applications with a long lifetime released after a delay of several years. Fig. 2.10 shows the spatial distribution of CFC emissions in the reference year, 1986, in ton CFC- 11-equivalents, clearly illustrating the KRWVSRWV of the world in terms of ODP-eq./km 2 for the USA, European Union - in particular the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany - and Japan. As a result of CFC substitution, global use of the substituting compounds HCFCs and HFCs are expected to increase substantially. The consumption of HFCs is particularly important since they contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of CO 2 -equivalents, CFC emissions show a similar pattern as in CFC-11-eq. A country with a high historical CFC use, as shown in Figure 2.10, may show a sizeable contribution of CFC substitutes to national CO 2 -eq. emissions in the future. )LJ6SDWLDOGLVWULEXWLRQRI&)&HPLVVLRQVLQLQWRQ&)&HT
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