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page 44 of 142 RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051
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Global emissions of the direct greenhouse gases, CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and CFCs, are concentrated in the
USA, Europe, the former USSR, China and, to a lesser extent, India (see Fig. 2.4). The largest KRW
VSRWV are CO 2 emissions, per region contributing 13, 9, 9, and 7% to global CO 2 -eq.emissions,
respectively. Within Europe the intensity is highest in the north-western part. Globally, carbon
dioxide contributes 2/3, methane 1/5, CFCs 1/10 and nitrous oxide 1/20. In the USA, the European
Union and Japan, CFCs contribute 1/5 locally; in India methane and nitrous oxide contribute more
than 50% to the national total.
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Two-thirds of the global CO 2 emissions originate in OECD countries and the former USSR. Globally,
emissions of CH 4 contribute about 20% to total direct greenhouse gases. In India, however, this
percentage is more than twice as high, mainly due to the large share of rice cultivation and cattle,
whereas the contribution of methane in OECD countries is about 10%. In developing countries the
share of N 2 O emissions is twice as high as in industrialised countries (20% in OECD and 10% in the
former USSR and Eastern Europe). Depending on the mix of alternatives for CFCs used (notably
HCFCs and HFCs), halocarbons will continue to contribute significantly to total CO 2 -eq. emissions
from industrialised countries.
Of direct greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use, which contribute to half of the total CO 2 -
eq. emissions, about half of this stems from the USA, the European Union and the former USSR.
Amongst the ‘fossil fuel’ sources, electric power plants are the largest and industrial plants second
largest, while about 10% comes from methane losses during production and transmission of fossil
fuels. Emissions from agriculture and land use, mainly in developing countries, contribute together
about 20% to the global total.
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Globally, agricultural activities represent one of the largest sources of methane and nitrous oxide.
Animals, in particular, beef cattle, and rice production, account for a large share of these emissions.
Methane emissions per capita from the USA and the former USSR are twice as high as the global