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RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051 page 127 of 142
- ([WHQVLRQZLWKRWKHUFRPSRXQGV (or NMVOC compound groups), e.g. ammonia and aerosols:
- A global inventory of DPPRQLD (NH 3 ) will enable improved estimates of atmospheric N2O
formation from NH3 and of deposition of NH3 and effects on N 2 O formation in soils. This is
related to and will affect the break-down of the global N 2 O budget.
$WPRVSKHULFDHURVROV are considered important players in the atmospheric radiative balance:
they may counterbalance greenhouse warming. Climate change models should, therefore,
include estimates for aerosols. So far no comprehensive inventories have been made for
aerosols and WKHLUSUHFXUVRUV (e.g. DMS) with a global coverage.
- Estimates for NM-VOC may be complemented with PRUHGHWDLOHG 92&SURILOHV, separating
out most of the highly reactive species. Most atmospheric models require estimates of the
composition of NM-VOC for proper modelling of the chemistry of the PL[ of compounds.
- ,PSURYH GDWD RQ VSHFLILF VRXUFHV such as biofuel use, biomass burning, oceans, volcanoes.
Currenty emissions estimates for these sources are either very weak or absent. The quality of
assessments of anthropogenic emissions will increase substantially when these estimates are
improved.
- 6RIWZDUHPRGLILFDWLRQV to improve the performance of update facilities and data retrieval options,
e.g. for VOC profiles and comparisons of emission results of different datasets.
Finally, by a soft-link of EDGAR files with the User Support System of the IMAGE model,
consistent emission scenarios on grid can be provided using gridded emissions files from EDGAR to
put regional emission projections created by the IMAGE 2 model on a 1 o x1 o grid (NRP project
"IMAGE Model Contributions to International Climate Policy and Science", User Support System).
These topics are not yet covered in the GEIA programme. Partially, the results will be Dutch
contributions to GEIA.
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The objectives of this topic are:
(1) to KDUPRQLVH the emissions of European countries with those recently published as
CORINAIR'90;
(2) to HQKDQFHWKHTXDOLW\ of the EDGAR inventories by incorporating results from the validation in
future updates described under B.2;
(3) to provide policy makers with NH\ LQIRUPDWLRQ needed for developing the most effective and
robust policies (regions/sectors);
(4) to give UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV to IPCC on improved national calculation methodologies, e.g. default
aggregated emission factors;
(5) to improve our understanding of the XQFHUWDLQW\ involved in global extrapolations such as those
made for CH 4 and N 2 O. The latter objectives are preconditions to meet the first one.
Comparison of EDGAR data with independently developed GEIA inventories will highlight
differences in specific sectors or regions of the world, and may lead to corrections in either the
EDGAR approach or the GEIA inventories, or to revisions of uncertainty estimates. Target of the
comparison of EDGAR data and national GHG inventories is an evaluation of the independently
selected data sources and calculation methodology, resulting in UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV WR WKH 'XWFK
JRYHUQPHQWDQGWRWKH)&&&VHFUHWDULDW for improving default methods and default emission factors
for estimation of national GHG emissions. Compilation of an indication of the uncertainty in
emissions, both by source and by region, will identify the areas in which additional policy or
additional research may be more or less effective. The conclusions of these activities will be
summarised in reports for policy makers and the scientific community.
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Based on new data, in particular on activities, in the context of the annual Environmental Balance coordinated
by RIVM, DQQXDOO\DVVHVVPHQWVof recent emission trends of direct greenhouse gases will
be made on a regional basis. These will include a brief description of developments in key sectors