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RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051 page 11 of 142
much lower fractions burned in OECD countries. For waste, the activity data per country are based on
a fit with of international waste generation figures per capita with per capita income per country.
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For the update of the 1990 EDGAR 3.0 emission factors to 1995 the following three sectors have
been selected: large combustion plants, mobile sources and solvent use. Updated emission factors, or
another mix of sub-activities, for 1995 were required for sources such as coal mining, gasoline cars,
shifting type of rice cultivation, landfills with gas recovery. In addition, also for power plants and
some industries in countries where additional control technology e.g. for SO 2 and NO x has been
installed updated emission factors have been considered. For extension of emission factors for CH 4
and N 2 O towards 1970 similar considerations have been made. Given the limited resources available
for the 1995 update it was decided to focus only on the most important developments and changes
which might influence emission factors. There are many sectors in which important emission
reduction measures have been implemented.
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Although no specific effort has been made to improve the current grid maps used for allocating
country emissions of specific sources to the 1 o x1 o grid, the following new maps have been included:
ú human population distribution, based on a new GEIA population map by Li, also split into an
urban and rural population map;
ú steel production plants by process type, which covers a large fraction of coal/coke use in the
industry sector (also used for coke production locations);
ú cement production plants;
ú nitric acid production plants;
ú aluminium smelters;
ú rice production in Asia, based on NOP-MLK results by Denier van der Gon;
ú coal fire map for China.
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In EDGAR 3.0 the following new sources have been added:
ú :LOGILUHVYHJHWDWLRQ ILUHV LQ QRQWURSLFDO UHJLRQV Recognising the importance of emissions
related to biomass burning, temperate vegetation fires have been added as an emission source
based on the UN/ECE forest fire statistics for 1990 and 1995.
ú :DVWH KDQGOLQJ Recognising the possible importance of this source category, wastewater
treatment and domestic waste combustion were added as sources.
ú &RDOILUHV Unintentional coal fires at shallow coal deposits have been added in EDGAR as an
emission source category for China. This source appeared to be considerable and was so far
lacking in EDGAR 2.0. Only for China this emission source has been taken into account,
although these fires are known also to occur in other countries (e.g. USA, India, Indonesia).
ú 2LO ILUHV The Kuwait oil fires in 1992 due to the Gulf war have been included as separate
source.
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The largest differences with EDGAR 2.0 emissions are in the following sources:
ú wastewater treatment has been added, which is a substantial source of CH 4 ;
ú indirect emissions of N 2 O from agriculture have been added;
ú agricultural waste burning emissions have been decreased substantially, in particular for CO;
ú temperate forest fires show considerable emissions, though highly variable between years;