RIVM report xxxxxx xxx

page 10 of 142 RIVM report 773301 001 / NRP report 410200 051
under the UN Climate Convention and for other gases with data from CORINAIR, GEIA and others.
In addition, inventories in National Communications were checked for the use of different emission
factors for 1990 and 1995 in order to select sources and gases for which specific emission factors for
1995 in EDGAR V3.0 need to be determined. This has been done for the purpose of the update, but
also as application of Version 2.0 as reference dataset for comparing with official national greenhouse
gas inventories to flag possible inconsistencies in source allocation, incompleteness of sources, and
areas of incomparability. In addition, for CO 2 ,NO x and SO 2 a comparison was made with the present
GEIA inventories, both on grid and per country, from which interesting conclusions could be drawn
regarding the apparent uncertainty in international statistics, on emission factors, missing sources and
on apparent strong emission trends in specific regions/sources.
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As a result of the validation of EDGAR 2.0 with other global and regional emission inventories it was
decided that several items should be modified for the reference year 1990. Compared to Version 2.0
the following amendments have been made for 1990:
ú The emission factors for 1990 for direct greenhouse gases CO 2 ,CH 4 and N 2 O have been
brought more in line with the defaults recommended in the 5HYLVHG ,3&& *XLGHOLQHV IRU
*UHHQKRXVH *DV ,QYHQWRULHV and for reference purposes any departures from them will be
clearly identified. For CO 2 from fossil fuel use, emission factors per detailed fuel type will be
used (in V2.0: one aggregated factor for coal, oil and gas). This also means that the
agricultural emissions will be affected considerably by the inclusion of some ‘indirect’
emissions. Other examples of areas where emission factors will be updated are CH 4 from rice
and landfills.
ú Global default emission factors for NO x , CO and NMVOC for the following non-road
transport activities are updated: Rail transport, Inland water, Other land - non-road and Nonspecified
transport. Emission factors are entered for coal, diesel oil and gasoline when
applicable.
ú Global default emission factors for NO x and SO 2 for sea ships have been updated; in particular
the emission factor for NO x has increased significantly.
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Next, activity data were collected for the period 1970-1995. A major part could be drawn from IEA
(energy), UN (supplementary energy, industrial production) and FAO (agriculture) databases. But for
some source like biofuels and specific industrial production of commodities like adipic acid, nitric
acid and fluorinated carbons country statistics are not readily available. For each of these latter
compounds additional data sources were found and used.
In the process of updating 1990 activity data with more recent statistical datasets, these levels are
often changed to a lesser or larger degree. This is caused by the phenomenon that statistics of activity
data of the most recent years tend to change during a couple of years after the first compilation. This
happens in particular in non-OECD countries, however, also in industrialised countries this
phenomenon can be observed, although in these countries the changes are often only minor. In
addition, data for the former USSR have become rather weak due to inconsistencies between the sum
of the new countries and the 1990 data for the former USSR.
For biofuels we use the previous V2.0 dataset for less developed countries and FAO fuelwood plus
IEA data for OECD countries. In addition, for the IPCC sources ‘Land-use change and forestry’
(LUCF) and ‘Waste’ there is no readily available data in time-series per country. Here, in line with
the approach taken for the compilation of the GEIA NH 3 inventory, biomass burning data (vegetation
fires) for LUCF were based on FAO reports providing 10 year averaged estimates. For agricultural
waste burning too the activity data were essentially based on the methodology used for NH 3 , however
using updated fractions for the amount of agricultural waste per unit of net crop production, and using