Vietnam War: Forest Fire as a Military Weapon - Paperless Archives

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SECRET FOREST FIRE AS A MILITARY WEAPON t Craig C. Chandler g Jay R, Bentley I I I June 1970 U. S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service Sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency Overseas Defense Research I ARPA Order No. 818 Ii SECRET
! SECRET INDEX Sunnar . ......................... . ... .. ................................ i Background .................. ......................... ...... ........ Forest Fire Effects ....................... . .... ............................. 4 Creeping Ground Fire ..................... . ... .......................... 4 Running Surface Fire ...................... .... ........................... 6 Forest Crown Fire ..................... ... .. ........................... 6 Firestorm ....................... .. .... .............................. 8 Requirements for Successful Forest Burning .................... ... .................. II Vegetation Types ........................ .............................. 16 Grass ............................ ... ................................ lb Shrub .......................... ................................ 18 Conifer Forest ............. . ...................... ... .. .... ....... 21 Pine .......................... ................................ 22 Other Than Pine............................. 22 Hardwood Forest ..................... ............................. . 22 Deciduous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evergreen ......................... .............................. 26 Climatic Types .................... ........................................ I 26 Probability of Incendiary Success ...................... ....................... 29 Fireclimate Classification .................... .......................... 33 Temperature Regimes .... . ................ . . ..... .. . . . ... .... 33 Precipitation Regimes .................................................... 34 Fuel Characteristics ......................... ............................. 37 Moisture Content ....................... ............................ 38 Thickness ............................................................ 38 Surface-Volume Ratio . ........... ....................................... 38 Chemistry .......................... ............................... 39 Full Bed Characteristics .................... .......................... 40 Amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4n Vertical Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Page SECRET
Page 1: VIETNAM WAR Forest Fire as a Milita
Page 4 and 5: Forest Fire as a Military Weapon A
Page 6 and 7: OF7 A iD5S Hil'---0 __ = IIIII- _w
Page 10 and 11: SECRET INDEX (Continued) Page Weath
Page 12 and 13: SECRET FOREST FIRE AS A MILITARY WE
Page 14 and 15: SECRET detailed and timely intellig
Page 16 and 17: SECRET I I I i it FI.I FIG. 2 I I B
Page 18 and 19: I SECRET I I I I I S....... '•FIG
Page 20 and 21: SECRET FI.I TYIAIRONFR BEOR FIG.FIG
Page 22 and 23: SECRET REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL
Page 24 and 25: I I SECRET heating adjacent unburne
Page 26 and 27: I SECRET FUEL TYPE 8o e1 82 83 84 I
Page 28 and 29: I SECRET I ii 11 I S~FIG. 17 | GRAS
Page 30 and 31: I I SECRET I I FIG. 18 SHRUB TYPE I
Page 32 and 33: Relative Humidity SECRET Table 2 "S
Page 34 and 35: I U I I I I I SECRET I FIG. 21 CONI
Page 36 and 37: S~SECRET A I. B O I I I IB. IN O LE
Page 38 and 39: I I SECRET I- I I I I I I I FIG. EV
Page 40 and 41: SECRET In developing recommended pr
Page 42 and 43: U SECRET The yearly sums of (+) val
Page 44 and 45: I Fireclimate Classification SECRET
Page 46 and 47: SECRET TABLE 5 KEY TO IDENTIFICATIO
Page 48 and 49: SECRET SHumid, long bum season (HUL
Page 50 and 51: I SECRET Table 6 Surfac,,/Volume Ra
Page 52 and 53: I SECRET FIG. 29 AVAILABLE FUEL WEI
Page 54 and 55: SECRET 100 80 FIG. 31 FLAME HEIGHTS
Page 56 and 57: I SECRET I Table 7 Precipitation Ef
Page 58 and 59:
I SECRET FIG. 32 EQUILIBRIUM MOI$TU
Page 60 and 61:
•Sunshine: SECRET Solar radiation
Page 62 and 63:
I I SECRET I Ii I II I g I FIG. 34
Page 64 and 65:
Technique"s for Kdlin, D•rming an
Page 66 and 67:
SECRET I t '4Pi I I FIG. 35 * AERIA
Page 68 and 69:
SECRET FIG.36 EFFECTS OF OVERSTORY
Page 70 and 71:
SECRET FIG. 37 TYPICAL EFFECT OF CO
Page 72 and 73:
I .SECRET Use of Systemic Desiccant
Page 74 and 75:
SECRET 6. Effectiveness of foliar s
Page 76 and 77:
SECRET Example of a Desiccation Pla
Page 78 and 79:
SECRET If a lighted match is droppe
Page 80 and 81:
SECRET 0 0 ----- 0" E I- -- z -- o
Page 82 and 83:
SECRET The advantages of multiple i
Page 84 and 85:
SECRET DISCUSSION The deliberate in
Page 86 and 87:
1 SECRET U MINH FOREST FIRES PROLOG
Page 88 and 89:
SECRET Spread Analysis: Spread to K
Page 90 and 91:
SECRET HEADQUARTERS US ARMY ADVISOR
Page 92 and 93:
I SECRET MACV-IVC-2 24 May 1968 SUB
Page 94 and 95:
SECRET NAVAL GUNFIRE MISSIONS DATE
Page 96 and 97:
SECRET Rach Gia - Kien Giang Hourly
Page 98 and 99:
SECRET APPENDIX B Pertinent Incendi
Page 100 and 101:
SECRET Major vegetation type: Tropi
Page 102 and 103:
SECRET CLIMATE FF-HUSB FROSTFREE WI
Page 104 and 105:
SECRET FIG. B2 CLIMATE FF-HUSB HANO
Page 106 and 107:
SECRET Soil appiicat ion: Apply 20
Page 108 and 109:
SECRET CLIMATE FF-NHLB FROSTFREE WI
Page 110 and 111:
SECRET CLIMATE FF-DRYL FROSTFREE WI
Page 112 and 113:
SECRET CLIMATE MI-HUYL MILD WINTER;
Page 114 and 115:
SECRET FIG. B6 CLIMATE MI-HUYL NEW
Page 116 and 117:
SECRET Soil application: Apply 15 p
Page 118 and 119:
SECRET CLIMATE MI-HULB MILD WINTER;
Page 120 and 121:
SECRET FCa. W8 CLIMATE MI-HULB RHOD
Page 122 and 123:
SECRET FIG. B9 CLIMATE MI-NHSB AUST
Page 124 and 125:
SECRET Dates for examl ocationAU.s
Page 126 and 127:
SECRET CLIMATE MI-DRYL MILD WINTER;
Page 128 and 129:
* climates& j SECRET CLIMATE CL-HUY
Page 130 and 131:
SECRET FIG. 512 CLIMATE CL-HUYL COL
Page 132 and 133:
SECRET Dates for example location (
Page 134 and 135:
SECRET t (IIMATI (L HILD ('(X)I WIN
Page 136 and 137:
SECRET (1lMAU- (L NH.% 41()1. *INTI
Page 138 and 139:
I SECRET (IIM-AIF ( Hl•Nt1 ( Wl W
Page 140 and 141:
SECRET FIG. 816 CLIMATE CL-NHLB GRA
Page 142 and 143:
SECRET FIG. 817 CLIMATE CL-DRYL LAS
Page 144 and 145:
Foliar sTray: Apply per acre: SECRE
Page 146 and 147:
Warm continental climates SECRET CL
Page 148 and 149:
SECRET FIG. B19 CLIMATE SC-HUSB MT.
Page 150 and 151:
SECRET Dates for cxampre location (
Page 152 and 153:
SECRET CLIMATE SC-NHYL SHORT COLD W
Page 154 and 155:
SECRET FIG. B21 CLIMATE SC-NHYL PAR
Page 156 and 157:
SECRET FIG. 522 CLIMATE SC-NHSB SAN
Page 158 and 159:
SECRET FIG. 823 CLIMATE SC-NHLB REN
Page 160 and 161:
SECRET Foliar Žpxa: Apply per acre
Page 162 and 163:
SECRET CLIMATE LC-HUSB LONG COLD WI
Page 164 and 165:
SECRET Foliar spray: Apply during t
Page 166 and 167:
"SECRET CLIMATE LC-NHLB LONG COLD W
Page 168 and 169:
SECRET CLIMATE VC-HUYL VERY COLD WI
Page 170 and 171:
I SECRET FIG. 827 CLIMATE VC-HUYL D
Page 172 and 173:
SECRET "CLIMATE VC-NHSB VERY COLD W
Page 174 and 175:
SECRET I Publiction-,: Protect EMOT
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