Vietnam War: Forest Fire as a Military Weapon - Paperless Archives

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SECRET Example of a Desiccation Plan: Saigon, Republic of Vietnam Figure 40 shows the monthly temperature, precipitation, and probability of muccesful burning for Saigon. From the definitionsgiven in the section on Climatic Types, there are only 4 "bum" months, but the yearly (-) value is over 26 and the yearly ( + ) value is over 100. So Saigon falls in Precipitation Class HULB: Humid-long burn season. The average daily mean temperature for the coldest 3 months is 79 degrees, and the average daily minimum for the same months is 65 degrees. So Saigon falls in Temperature Class FF: Frostfree winter. The vegetation type is dense hardwood forest with relatively continuous ground-story vegetation, but deficient ground litter and dead stems. The best burning period is in late winter (February 15 - March 15). The first step in planning desiccation treatment is to look at the average weather situation during the months preceeding February 15, as follows: 4 I. Two months of hot dry weather occur after December 15 - favorable for dying and drying of sprayed vegetation, with minimum deterioration of leaf fuel on the ground. 2. Average precipitation drops rapidly after October 15 - unfavorable for best action of herbicides. 3. Precipitation and te' iperature in May are favorable for start of active plant growth, and conditions remain favorable through September. The next step is to decide the best dates of desiccant application and the herbicide to use: 1. The choice of desiccation treatment lies between use of pellets that will penetrate the canopy and act as a soil application, or use of a defoliant spray followed in 4 to 6 weeks by a desiccant spray aimed at the understory. 2. The best period for soil application of herbicide is late April or early May. Later applications stand too much chance of loss from heavy leaching rains. The best spray period is from June through September, whenever clear weather allows spraying to procede. 3. A soil application (before June 1) will drop leaves to the ground and leave them under hot, moist conditions for4 to 5 months. A defoliant spray (August 1) and a desiccant spray (September 15) will cut the period when leaves are on the ground by at least 2 to 3 months. 4. The best choice is the foliar spray, to reduce loss of leaf litter. At each spray date apply a mixture of 2,4- D and 2,4,5-T (8 pounds, a.e. per acre) and picloram (2 pounds, ae., per acre) in diesel oil to make a total volume of 5 gallons per acre. IGNITION TECHNIQUES In addition to treating live vegetation with desiccant chemicals, and timing incendiary operations to take every possible advantage of the weather, forest fires can be made to spread more rapidly and bum more intensely by igniting many small fires in a predetermined pattern. This technique, known as multiple igniti, utilizes the fact that two approaching flame fronts will interact and reinforce each other. To see how multiple ignition works, let's look first at a fire asit develops from a single ignition, and then at what happens when we set two fires properly spaced. SECRET 61 !r
SECRET FIG. 40. FIRECLIMATE OF SAIGON, RVN CLIMATE-- FF-HULB FROST FREE WINTER; HUMID, LONG BURN SEASON. U•+40- • S+20- UNFAVORA1BLE FOR BURNING 0 0 BURN ODDS .U. I I 24 I I I " t I- 8 ca g t I Ew 60 II 2 -- 80 I TEMPERATURE t= -4 40, z~ 20' Zo 80. TEPEoR I5 00 PR SECRET
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VIETNAM WAR Forest Fire as a Milita
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Forest Fire as a Military Weapon A
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OF7 A iD5S Hil'---0 __ = IIIII- _w
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SECRET FOREST FIRE AS A MILITARY WE
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SECRET INDEX (Continued) Page Weath
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SECRET FOREST FIRE AS A MILITARY WE
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SECRET detailed and timely intellig
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SECRET I I I i it FI.I FIG. 2 I I B
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I SECRET I I I I I S....... '•FIG
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SECRET FI.I TYIAIRONFR BEOR FIG.FIG
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SECRET REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL
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I I SECRET heating adjacent unburne
Page 26 and 27: I SECRET FUEL TYPE 8o e1 82 83 84 I
Page 28 and 29: I SECRET I ii 11 I S~FIG. 17 | GRAS
Page 30 and 31: I I SECRET I I FIG. 18 SHRUB TYPE I
Page 32 and 33: Relative Humidity SECRET Table 2 "S
Page 34 and 35: I U I I I I I SECRET I FIG. 21 CONI
Page 36 and 37: S~SECRET A I. B O I I I IB. IN O LE
Page 38 and 39: I I SECRET I- I I I I I I I FIG. EV
Page 40 and 41: SECRET In developing recommended pr
Page 42 and 43: U SECRET The yearly sums of (+) val
Page 44 and 45: I Fireclimate Classification SECRET
Page 46 and 47: SECRET TABLE 5 KEY TO IDENTIFICATIO
Page 48 and 49: SECRET SHumid, long bum season (HUL
Page 50 and 51: I SECRET Table 6 Surfac,,/Volume Ra
Page 52 and 53: I SECRET FIG. 29 AVAILABLE FUEL WEI
Page 54 and 55: SECRET 100 80 FIG. 31 FLAME HEIGHTS
Page 56 and 57: I SECRET I Table 7 Precipitation Ef
Page 58 and 59: I SECRET FIG. 32 EQUILIBRIUM MOI$TU
Page 60 and 61: •Sunshine: SECRET Solar radiation
Page 62 and 63: I I SECRET I Ii I II I g I FIG. 34
Page 64 and 65: Technique"s for Kdlin, D•rming an
Page 66 and 67: SECRET I t '4Pi I I FIG. 35 * AERIA
Page 68 and 69: SECRET FIG.36 EFFECTS OF OVERSTORY
Page 70 and 71: SECRET FIG. 37 TYPICAL EFFECT OF CO
Page 72 and 73: I .SECRET Use of Systemic Desiccant
Page 74 and 75: SECRET 6. Effectiveness of foliar s
Page 78 and 79: SECRET If a lighted match is droppe
Page 80 and 81: SECRET 0 0 ----- 0" E I- -- z -- o
Page 82 and 83: SECRET The advantages of multiple i
Page 84 and 85: SECRET DISCUSSION The deliberate in
Page 86 and 87: 1 SECRET U MINH FOREST FIRES PROLOG
Page 88 and 89: SECRET Spread Analysis: Spread to K
Page 90 and 91: SECRET HEADQUARTERS US ARMY ADVISOR
Page 92 and 93: I SECRET MACV-IVC-2 24 May 1968 SUB
Page 94 and 95: SECRET NAVAL GUNFIRE MISSIONS DATE
Page 96 and 97: SECRET Rach Gia - Kien Giang Hourly
Page 98 and 99: SECRET APPENDIX B Pertinent Incendi
Page 100 and 101: SECRET Major vegetation type: Tropi
Page 102 and 103: SECRET CLIMATE FF-HUSB FROSTFREE WI
Page 104 and 105: SECRET FIG. B2 CLIMATE FF-HUSB HANO
Page 106 and 107: SECRET Soil appiicat ion: Apply 20
Page 108 and 109: SECRET CLIMATE FF-NHLB FROSTFREE WI
Page 110 and 111: SECRET CLIMATE FF-DRYL FROSTFREE WI
Page 112 and 113: SECRET CLIMATE MI-HUYL MILD WINTER;
Page 114 and 115: SECRET FIG. B6 CLIMATE MI-HUYL NEW
Page 116 and 117: SECRET Soil application: Apply 15 p
Page 118 and 119: SECRET CLIMATE MI-HULB MILD WINTER;
Page 120 and 121: SECRET FCa. W8 CLIMATE MI-HULB RHOD
Page 122 and 123: SECRET FIG. B9 CLIMATE MI-NHSB AUST
Page 124 and 125: SECRET Dates for examl ocationAU.s
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SECRET CLIMATE MI-DRYL MILD WINTER;
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* climates& j SECRET CLIMATE CL-HUY
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SECRET FIG. 512 CLIMATE CL-HUYL COL
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SECRET Dates for example location (
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SECRET t (IIMATI (L HILD ('(X)I WIN
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SECRET (1lMAU- (L NH.% 41()1. *INTI
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I SECRET (IIM-AIF ( Hl•Nt1 ( Wl W
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SECRET FIG. 816 CLIMATE CL-NHLB GRA
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SECRET FIG. 817 CLIMATE CL-DRYL LAS
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Foliar sTray: Apply per acre: SECRE
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Warm continental climates SECRET CL
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SECRET FIG. B19 CLIMATE SC-HUSB MT.
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SECRET Dates for cxampre location (
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SECRET CLIMATE SC-NHYL SHORT COLD W
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SECRET FIG. B21 CLIMATE SC-NHYL PAR
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SECRET FIG. 522 CLIMATE SC-NHSB SAN
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SECRET FIG. 823 CLIMATE SC-NHLB REN
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SECRET Foliar Žpxa: Apply per acre
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SECRET CLIMATE LC-HUSB LONG COLD WI
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SECRET Foliar spray: Apply during t
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"SECRET CLIMATE LC-NHLB LONG COLD W
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SECRET CLIMATE VC-HUYL VERY COLD WI
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I SECRET FIG. 827 CLIMATE VC-HUYL D
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SECRET "CLIMATE VC-NHSB VERY COLD W
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SECRET I Publiction-,: Protect EMOT
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