Chernobyl Nuclear Accident Congressional Hearings Transcript

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. 'HE LEGACY OF CHORNOBYL 1986 TO 1996 AND BEYOND Y 4. SE 2: 104-1-12 Tie Legacy of Chornobyl 1986 to 1??. . HEARING BEFORE THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION APRIL 23, 1996 Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe [CSCE 104-1-12] OCTfg % U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 24-782 WASmNGTON : 1996 ^^ For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, <strong>Congressional</strong> Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN 0-16-053469-0
COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE HOUSE CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, Chairman JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Illinois FRANK R. WOLF, Vir^nia DAVID FUNDERBURK, North Carolina MATT SALMON, Arizona STENY H. HOYER, Maryland EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts BILL RICHARDSON, New Mexico BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland Legislative Branch Commissioners SENATE ALFONSE M. D'AMATO, New York, Co-Chairman BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Idaho RICK SANTORUM, Pennsylvania SPENCER ABRAHAM, Michigan FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey HARRY REID, Nevada BOB GRAHAM, Florida RUSSELL P. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin Executive Branch Commissioners John SHATTUCK, Department of State ASHTON Carter, Department of Defense (Vacant), Department of Commerce ^l Commission Staff Dorothy Douglas Taft, Chief of Staff Mike Hathaway, Deputy Chief of Staff SamX^IL G. Wise, Director for International Policy Richard P. Livingston. Senior Advisor Mike Amitay, Staff Advisor Maria V. Coll, Office Administrator OREST DEYCHAKIWSKY, Staff Advisor John Finerty, Staff Advisor Chadwick R. Gore, Communications Director Robert Hand, Staff Advisor Janice Helwig, Staff Advisor MaRLENE KauFMANN, Counsel for International Trade Sandy List, GPO Liaison Karen S. Lord, Counsel for Freedom of Religion, <strong>Congressional</strong> Fellow Ronald McNamara, Staff Advisor Michael Ochs, Staff Advisor Peter Santighian, Staff Assistant /CompuUr SysUms Administrator Erika Schlager, Counsel for International Law ai)
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CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT DOCUMENT
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About BACM Research - PaperlessArch
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days, so they left nearly everythin
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The 1986 Report of the U.S. Departm
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S. Hrg. 99-869 THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDE
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COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RES
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BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY THE CHERNOBYL
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statement of Senator J. Bennett Joh
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We will contiue to work to make nuc
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. - the foreign reactor market that
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STATEMENT OF HON. HOWARD M. METZENB
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11 with the wrong report. He came u
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13 The residents of the state of Oh
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15 Yes, I am not satisfied with eve
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17 We accomplished our work by coll
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19 Senator Metzenbaum. Mr. Chairman
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21 The work of the Task Force was t
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23 On May 3 the State Department se
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25 The first elevated levels of rad
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27 8 Foreign data received suggeste
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29 By way of comparison, you might
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31 - 2 - around the world. In the i
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33 4 - In addition to these meeting
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35 - 6 radiological release mechani
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37 DESCRIPTION OF THE CHERNOBYL SIT
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40 SIX OPERATING PUMPS (8 PUMPS TOT
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42 .'ill a* O > S 2s5Sg sxs.f 2-53
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46 10 I. 3 c o u .>$ «o
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48 12 H
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50 14 SUPPRESSION POOL ARRANGEMENT
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52 16 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
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54 18 EXTRAPOLATION FACTORS (BACK T
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56 20 FUTURE PLANS PREPARE REPORT I
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58 The Department's Nuclear Safety
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60 STATEMENT OF MARY L. WALKEK ASSI
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62 to minimize and manage risks so
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64 Third, the United States nuclear
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66 The priority the Department plac
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68 of the reactor core melted. Unli
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70 Introduction As a member of the
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72 questions concerning fuel behavi
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74 While each of these areas are pa
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76 promises to be able to demonstra
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78 The Chairman. Thank you. Dr. Bun
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80 The most important actions we ca
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82 Nonetheless, I will try to recou
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84 I doubt If I can today convert e
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86 All of our eggs are In the baske
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88 8 safety margins and more fall -
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90 10 The existing emergency planni
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92 12 Further, If we want to ensure
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94 14 never survive the kind of pro
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96 firmed, but at least suspected t
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The Chairman. If we were to 98 have
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100 2 THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS, MR
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102 THE SOVIET UNION ALSO AGREED TH
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104 6 MR. CHAIRMAN, IT WILL DO US L
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106 12 tific developments. includin
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108 14 The participating States a^^
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no speculation in the press that it
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112 than the Soviet Union. They hav
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114 We find that as a glimmer that
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116 Mr. Denton. I don't have that a
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118 My next question is what is the
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120 Mr. Meyers. These are the Easte
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122 Los Anpeles Times, 5/22/86 Radi
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124 us trig au m ifistead of a u to
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126 have it go through a peer revie
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128 Mr. Meyers. Mr. Chairman, may I
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130 -2- The health assessment subgr
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— 132 and ask my questions. If he
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134 Mr. Denton. I do not think they
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136 Senator Melcher. To clarify you
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^ 138 human error then, leading to
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140 are 25 BWR units with Mark I co
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142 engineering safeguards for ther
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144 STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE REC
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146 2 - Process Heat for the chemic
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. 148 - ^ THE HEAT IS TRANSPORTED B
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150 Senator Domenici. Mr. Taylor, w
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152 Of that, over the many, many ye
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154 statement to Senate Committee o
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. 156 have become vital and continu
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158 NRC and our industry to produce
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s" 160 on the facts and to ensure t
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. 162 the fuel elements and light w
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164 generations of RBMK designs to
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166 • Third, the design appears t
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168 and ramifications of flow and h
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— 170 Senator Domenici. Thank you
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172 Soon we will have seen a fivefo
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174 Testimony to the Energy and Nat
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176 o The June 1986 folder entitled
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178 Corporate Evaluations Evaluatio
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180 EVENT ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION
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182 accessible from remote terminal
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184 o INPO has also developed good
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186 Members of the full Board are l
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. 188 NATIONAL ACADEMY FOR NUCLEAR
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" 190 o In May and June of 1985, th
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192 identified during INPO evaluati
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194 increased awareness at all leve
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196 o Collective radiation exposure
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198 Establishment of these long-ter
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200 Senator Domenici. Thank you, ve
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202 STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE REC
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. 204 -2- capacity, and has long be
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206 • 4- Temperature Stability Th
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208 In addition. It also appears th
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210 Senator Domenici. Thank you. Dr
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212 The billions of dollars per yea
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214 As a nuclear physicist who has
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216 industry and strong reaction fr
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218 -5- Nevertheless, despite our o
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220 Citizen groups are going to int
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] 222 -9- Footnotes and References
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224 THE BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIE
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226 clear power plants since 1975
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228 Jan Beyea, a physicist, is a se
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230 ... a filtered vent system coul
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232 It is possible that it will tak
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234 Senator Domenici. I appreciate
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APPENDIX Responses to Additional Co
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. . 239 A2 . As noted above, we wou
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241 QUESTION 1. Some people have sa
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243 QUESnON_l. (Continued) 3 - For
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245 QUESTION C.tt . What do we know
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247
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: 249 -S-Vi9S>-ftv\.S>6)N^>^ -^'S^V
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251 QUESTION 2. (Continued) - 2 - P
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253 fiU E S no N_2 . (Continued) -
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255 QUESTION 3 . Just to set the re
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257 QUESTION 5. If you were to choo
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259 2UEST|0N_5. (Continued; 3 - Fir
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261 SMilII2!!_Z- ^° "^ "°" ^^^^ ^
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263 SMilllO^l-^- You attended the I
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I A 265 QU E ST 1 N_ 1 , year ago,
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267 QUESTION 10. (Continued) 3 - in
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269 QUESTION 10. (Continued) - 5 Wi
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271 QUESTION 10. (Continued) - 7 su
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I 273 QUESTION 10. (Continued) - 9
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: i 275 QUESTION 11. (Continued) -
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277 QUESTION 12. (Continued) - 2 -
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279 QUESTION 1 2. (Continued) - 4 -
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281 UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATOR
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283 g U E S T 1 N 13. What are the
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I 285 POST-HEARING QUESTIONS AND AN
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287 2 maintained current. Computer
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289 QUESTIONS FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A
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297 -2- Answer 7 (continued): posse
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299 -2- Answer 8 (continued): The S
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301 -2- Answer 9 (continued): The f
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303 Answer 10 j. -- xu (continued):
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305 nUESTION FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A.
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307 QUESTION FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A.
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309 Answer 14 (continued); 2. Early
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311 Answer 15 (continued): verifica
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313 -2- Answer 16 (continued): Desi
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315 -2- Answer 17 (continued): forc
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317 POST-HEARING QUESTIONS AND ANSW
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319 2 b. By legislation, existing D
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321 Question 3: Has the DOE designe
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, 323 JAMU A. WeCLUW. OAHO. CHAMHAN
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PROF. DR. RUDOLF SCHULTEN Direklor
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327 Questions from Senator Wallop 1
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329 i-ooi trnl Electric Power Resea
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: 331 J. A. McClure -2- July 08, 19
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333 J, A. McClure -4- July 08, 1986
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.. 335 ES, TUESDAY. JUNE 3. 1986 NE
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337 INPO RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS BY
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339 Answer: INPO's strength is in i
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SAN 341 SENATE COMMITT-E ON F'-'fm;
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343 Answer There is wide participat
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S. Hrg. 102-765 EFFECTS OF THE ACCI
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,,0S10H PUBUC UBRWV- COMMITTEE ON E
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EFFECTS OF THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHER
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It is clear that the remaining RBMK
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the Federal prosecutor of the USSR
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With growing urgency, the Ukrainian
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We did check soil samples and radia
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11 the cancer registry data in gene
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13 we are medical investigators and
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15 standard of medical diagnostic a
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17 nobyl. An American-Ukrainian Med
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19 The temperatures, however, were
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21 down on the kind of horizontal p
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23 those who got, shall we say, bla
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25 Well, in the May 1992 issue of t
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27 people just haven't complained a
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29 — physicians that come in. Bec
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31 tumor registries together. There
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33 like on the 1st of January 1995
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35 Ukraine, and two in Lithuania. T
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37 the training of the operators, e
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39 issue. The directions that the w
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41 Further, there is no easy way of
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43 I thank you for your attention.
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45 • WERs that have not been turn
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47 thank you for convening this hea
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I am am 49 INTRODUCTION My name is
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1 . 51 The Ukrainian Ministry of He
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53 information on the actual doses
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55 First, it is well known that wit
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57 1) The U.S. Government should in
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59 Level of malignant tumors of Lym
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61 Level of Malignant Diseases amon
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63 The Level of non-malignant hemat
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65 The Children of Chornobyl Relief
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2 67 TB8TIMOHT Of rr«d K, MattlMT,
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pnxlucing ihere 69 Pan H 4. Public
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• , t ( (iiiiiii i M 71 P«n H ev
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73 TESTIMONY OF WLADIMIR WERTELECKY
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. 75 education. The same comprehens
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77 Should epidemics and other medic
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. 79 Massive psychological effects
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81 American-Ukrainian Medical Scien
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83 circumstances in Ukraine, there
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85 flep:acaBHa AyMa yKpaiHM Kojieri
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I I 87 C.KHOliA (DMKl'AHUI Mxl'AIlK
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89 MiHiCTepCTBO OXOpOKH 3flopoB'a P
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. 91 m XAPKIBCbKA OBflACHA AEP>«AB
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93 U.S. Senate Committee on Environ
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95 What Happened The Chernobyl acci
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97 -? 15 U) (0 < Figure 1. Estimate
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99 form lava.' This material ran th
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101 V) S O aċo V) (A « aQ. 3 W f
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103 Unit 4 of ChernoSvt A'PP after
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105 3 O) (0 £ Q. O o
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107 •M E Mr -n. 136 \sss .4U>-^
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109 Natural processas of decay have
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Ill Clean up actions should be take
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113 those involved in 1986 and part
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115 Prepared Statement of Murray Fe
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117 with those who are classified a
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119 economies. Economic chaos and h
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121 Table 1.—Operating Reactors i
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123 FORMULA FOR FUNDING American as
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125 their transition to a new forms
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127 Table 1.—Cost Estimate—Cont
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129 Nuclear Materlai;s Management U
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131 Weeks Seven and Eight—Prelimi
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133 Four sets dictation and transcr
Page 504 and 505: . Develop 135 Ukrainian entrepreneu
Page 506 and 507: 137 be achieved during the first ph
Page 508 and 509: 139 tion measures. As required, the
Page 510 and 511: 141 and services. The laboratory wi
Page 512 and 513: 143 The reactor vessel, primary shi
Page 514 and 515: 145 • fixation, • restrictions
Page 516 and 517: 147 environmental compartment to an
Page 518 and 519: 149 In order to plan for and accomp
Page 520 and 521: 151 4.1.2.2 Ground Water Contaminat
Page 522 and 523: — 153 should provide direction on
Page 524 and 525: — 155 relative sensitivity of the
Page 526 and 527: . . and . . they 157 ( Prepared Sta
Page 528 and 529: . . and 159 generator. The result i
Page 530 and 531: 161 5 mln hectares of agricultural
Page 532 and 533: ' 163 Not only Ukraine, but the who
Page 534 and 535: 165 taking forceful steps to help c
Page 536 and 537: 167 late seventies." ^° Although t
Page 538 and 539: 169 actors; this information gap ma
Page 540 and 541: 171 To encourage this implementatio
Page 542 and 543: 173 production is solid fuels, eith
Page 544 and 545: 175 the energy efficiency of the ec
Page 546 and 547: 177 ' Because closing costs will in
Page 548 and 549: . May BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY ..Hopki
Page 550 and 551: BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY 9999 U^/ 0275
Page 554: . 'HE LEGACY OF CHORNOBYL 1986 TO 1
Page 560 and 561: THE LEGACY OF CHORNOBYI^1986 TO 199
Page 562 and 563: — The Helsinki Commission is very
Page 564 and 565: and its Belarus but any single coun
Page 566 and 567: Over 10 years after the events, I c
Page 568 and 569: Mr. Smith. Thank you very much, Mr.
Page 570 and 571: — 11 If you look at standardized
Page 572 and 573: 13 births. We find it difficult to
Page 574 and 575: 15 leagues have made a long-term co
Page 576 and 577: 17 7's commitment? Of the assistanc
Page 578 and 579: 19 burg is not too far. Greographic
Page 580 and 581: 21 Mr. Smith. Dr. Feshbach, can you
Page 582 and 583: 23 One of the problems with the Int
Page 584 and 585: 25 Mr. KuzMA. There's quite a large
Page 586 and 587: — 27 bombardment of low-level rad
Page 588 and 589: 29 are proposals that Kyiv be procl
Page 590 and 591: 31 good people there, everywhere, a
Page 592 and 593: 33 Only one percent of the territor
Page 594 and 595: 35 an extent possible the consequen
Page 596 and 597: 37 up of the Consequences of the Ac
Page 598 and 599: 39 Ukrainian people realized that t
Page 600 and 601: 41 presses the brake pedal to slow
Page 602 and 603: 43 The "Sarcophagus" facility was t
Page 604 and 605: 45 8 Rivers and lakes in the vicini
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47 10 According to maximum estimati
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49 12 Immediately after the acciden
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51 14 experienced radiation doses t
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53 16 ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES Over th
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55 18 LEGISLATION ON CHORNOBYL The
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57 20 children affected by the Cher
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59 22 - ensuring proper infrastruct
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61 24 private religious, non-profit
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63 26 environmental effects of radi
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65 STATEMENT BY ALEXANDER B. KUZMA
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67 uncontaminated. Two weeks ago, a
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69 towards other health concerns ex
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71 the enoimity of the task that li
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73 Testimony of Dt. Natalia Lakiza-
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75 About 5 mln people continue to l
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77 Changes in the childbearing func
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79 - a possible many-fold increase
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This is a U.S. Government publicati
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