Chernobyl Nuclear Accident Congressional Hearings Transcript

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
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8 ^ C7^»::7
Hopkins, 30.
'
' Calculated by Darius Lakdawalla, FOE-US. Data on long-term load factor and net generating
capacity from Nuclear Power Reactors in the World. April 1992.
^^Alex Hittle. Memorandum. 28 May 1992. Re: Ecoglasnost Statement on the Kozloduy Nuclear
Power Station.
*3 AID invested in a total of 48 plants throughout Eastern Europe, in the nations of Hungary,
Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, and Czechoslovakia.
^* Given an initial cost of $77,837, and a total estimated savings per year of $262,598.
9 5 Hopkins, 19.
96Seep.ll.
'^ M. Bafflerger. Power Generation and Transmission in Eastern Europe: The Outlook for Nuclear
Power in Ekistem Europe. Conference in Brussels, June 1992. Electricite de France International.
9* MW to PJ conversion calculated by Darius Lakdawalla at FOE-US (see note 81).
9* Marousek, 4.
'°° Hopkins, 28. Honza Bemnek. World Information Service on Energy. Fax dated 30 June
1992.
i°» Marousek, 3.
'"2 According to Emil Bedi (see note 29) the rising cost of energy will make inevitable the
restructuring of industry away from energy-intensive endeavors.
'0 3 Separate studies have corroborated these conclusions in large part. According to Emil Bedi
(see note 29) a government study revealed a potential for energy conservation of over 20 percent,
while an independent study by the World Wildlife fund estimated a potential of over 40 percent.
'"''
Study calculates amount of energy that would have been saved if efficiency measures had
been in place in 1991.
»05 Marousek. 6, 13.
'"« Emil Bedi (see note 29). Paraphrased in electronic mail from John Hontelez, dated 28 June
1992.
*°^ Emil Bedi (see note 29). Contained in electronic mail message from John Hontelez, dated
28 June, 1992.
108 Marousek, 109 15.
Marousek, 5.
"" Marousek, 15.
>«» Marousek, 13.
* * 2 R.C. Cooper and L. Schipper. Energy Use and Conservation in the U.S.S.R.; Patterns, Prospects,
and Problems. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Applied Science Division, April 1991, p.3.
* * * Cooper and Schipper, 3.
"* Igor Bashmakov. Energy Efficiency: The Future Engine of Economic Growth in Russia.
Moscow:The Moscow Center for Energy Efficiency. May •'* 1992, p.3.
Cooper and Schipper, 12.
"^ Cooper and Schipper, 12.
'" Cooper and Schipper, 26.
*" Cooper and Schipper, 26.
"* Cooper and Schipper, 26.
'2° Cooper and Schipper, 31.
•** Cooper and Schipper, *22 31.
Cooper and Schipper, 33.
'23 Newer appliances in use tend to be more energy-efficient, according to Cooper and Schipper,
23.
'24 CENEF: The Moscow Center for Energy Efficiency. Undated.
'"C^iVEF.
'2« This figure accounts for capacity utilization Goad factor) and transmission losses in nuclear
plants; therefore, it should be compared not with production figures, but with the capacity
figure of 32 GW.
'27 Evan Mills and Arthur Rosenfield. Avoid JfO Chemobyls with a 3-year Payback. Lawrence
Berkeley Labs, Berkeley, CA. March, 31,1992.
'2« Mills and Rosenfield.
129 Mills and Rosenfield.
'30 Mills and Rosenfield.
'3' Current capacity is 32 GW. Nicholas Lenssen. Phone interview. 25 June '32 1992.
Bashmeikov, 5.
'^3 Conversions to MWh performed by Darius Lakdawalla at FOE-US: original data were multiplied
by 1 MW/1 000 kW (which equals 1).
'34 Kevin McCann. Soviet Energy: Crisis or Collapse?. Energy Policy. May 1991, p.365.
'^5 Igor Bashmakov. Energy Efficiency: The Future Engine of Economic Growth In Russia. The
Moscow Center for Energy Efficiency (CENEF). May 1992, p.5.
>*« Andrei Kolesnikov. "Nuclear (Generators Stopped." Moscow News 21, May 24-31, 1992.
•3' Based on costs of $757-$l 177 per kilowatt installed.
'38 Stewart Boyle. Greenpeace Emergency Plan for Immediate Shutdown of RBMK Nuclear
Reactors. Undated. Greenpeace International.
'»» McCann, 365.
'" McCann, 369.
'*' The problem in the Soviet energy sector is not one of too little supply but of too much
demand, relative to econonaic welfare. The goal of the former Soviet Union should be to decrease
energy demand and to minimize the amount of non-renewable resources extracted.
'*2 McCann, 368.
"»3 Bashmakov, p.3.