Chernobyl Nuclear Accident Congressional Hearings Transcript

More documents

Recommendations

Info

253 fiU E S no N_2 . (Continued) - 4 - and to mitigate the adverse effects of such an accident should one occur. Foreign experience demonstrates that there are practical and reasonable opti.ons available to reduce the severe accident risk in this country as well. I would propose a three-part program to achieve this objective. First, each of the 100 operating plants in the U.S. should be reexamined to identify design deficiencies and vulnerabilities, of the type seen in our recent serious operating events and plant safety analyses, that could cause or contribute to a severe accident. Second, improvement programs should be required in areas of demonstrated weak performance at the U.S. plants such as management, maintenance, personnel performance and equipment reliability. Our objective should be to bring all U.S. plants up to the highest standards of operating performance being achieved in other countries. We should insist upon rapid improvement in the case of those U.S. plants with a history of poor performance. Third, new design features should be considered for existing and future U.S. plants which have the potential to reduce both the likelihood and the consequences of a core meltdown accident. The design features being added in foreign plants, such as an added independent decay heat removal system, improvements in the reliability of reactor control systems and emergency power supply systems, systems to protect against the loss of power to operate cooling and safety systems, and systems to allow the controlled 63-756 0-86-9
254 2yESnON_2. (continued) - 5 - venting from some reactor containments, provide a good starting point for this review. Taken together, these measures should lead to a substantial reduction in the risk of a core meltdown accident in this country. They would also represent a return to the vigilant and forward-looking safety philosophy advocated by the President's Commission on the Three Mile Island <strong>Accident</strong>. If we are to heed the lessons of the <strong>Chernobyl</strong> accident, we must return to a safety approach that stresses the need to improve plant performance, to learn the lessons of operating experience, and to pursue practical safety improvements in existing as well as any future plants in order to reduce the risk of a core meltdown to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable.
Page 1:
CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT DOCUMENT
Page 4 and 5:
About BACM Research - PaperlessArch
Page 6 and 7:
days, so they left nearly everythin
Page 8 and 9:
The 1986 Report of the U.S. Departm
Page 10:
S. Hrg. 99-869 THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDE
Page 13 and 14:
COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RES
Page 16 and 17:
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY THE CHERNOBYL
Page 18 and 19:
statement of Senator J. Bennett Joh
Page 20 and 21:
We will contiue to work to make nuc
Page 22 and 23:
. - the foreign reactor market that
Page 24 and 25:
STATEMENT OF HON. HOWARD M. METZENB
Page 26 and 27:
11 with the wrong report. He came u
Page 28 and 29:
13 The residents of the state of Oh
Page 30 and 31:
15 Yes, I am not satisfied with eve
Page 32 and 33:
17 We accomplished our work by coll
Page 34 and 35:
19 Senator Metzenbaum. Mr. Chairman
Page 36 and 37:
21 The work of the Task Force was t
Page 38 and 39:
23 On May 3 the State Department se
Page 40 and 41:
25 The first elevated levels of rad
Page 42 and 43:
27 8 Foreign data received suggeste
Page 44 and 45:
29 By way of comparison, you might
Page 46 and 47:
31 - 2 - around the world. In the i
Page 48 and 49:
33 4 - In addition to these meeting
Page 50 and 51:
35 - 6 radiological release mechani
Page 52:
37 DESCRIPTION OF THE CHERNOBYL SIT
Page 55 and 56:
40 SIX OPERATING PUMPS (8 PUMPS TOT
Page 57 and 58:
42 .'ill a* O > S 2s5Sg sxs.f 2-53
Page 61 and 62:
46 10 I. 3 c o u .>$ «o
Page 63 and 64:
48 12 H
Page 65 and 66:
50 14 SUPPRESSION POOL ARRANGEMENT
Page 67 and 68:
52 16 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
Page 69 and 70:
54 18 EXTRAPOLATION FACTORS (BACK T
Page 71 and 72:
56 20 FUTURE PLANS PREPARE REPORT I
Page 73 and 74:
58 The Department's Nuclear Safety
Page 75 and 76:
60 STATEMENT OF MARY L. WALKEK ASSI
Page 77 and 78:
62 to minimize and manage risks so
Page 79 and 80:
64 Third, the United States nuclear
Page 81 and 82:
66 The priority the Department plac
Page 83 and 84:
68 of the reactor core melted. Unli
Page 85 and 86:
70 Introduction As a member of the
Page 87 and 88:
72 questions concerning fuel behavi
Page 89 and 90:
74 While each of these areas are pa
Page 91 and 92:
76 promises to be able to demonstra
Page 93 and 94:
78 The Chairman. Thank you. Dr. Bun
Page 95 and 96:
80 The most important actions we ca
Page 97 and 98:
82 Nonetheless, I will try to recou
Page 99 and 100:
84 I doubt If I can today convert e
Page 101 and 102:
86 All of our eggs are In the baske
Page 103 and 104:
88 8 safety margins and more fall -
Page 105 and 106:
90 10 The existing emergency planni
Page 107 and 108:
92 12 Further, If we want to ensure
Page 109 and 110:
94 14 never survive the kind of pro
Page 111 and 112:
96 firmed, but at least suspected t
Page 113 and 114:
The Chairman. If we were to 98 have
Page 115 and 116:
100 2 THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS, MR
Page 117 and 118:
102 THE SOVIET UNION ALSO AGREED TH
Page 119 and 120:
104 6 MR. CHAIRMAN, IT WILL DO US L
Page 121 and 122:
106 12 tific developments. includin
Page 123 and 124:
108 14 The participating States a^^
Page 125 and 126:
no speculation in the press that it
Page 127 and 128:
112 than the Soviet Union. They hav
Page 129 and 130:
114 We find that as a glimmer that
Page 131 and 132:
116 Mr. Denton. I don't have that a
Page 133 and 134:
118 My next question is what is the
Page 135 and 136:
120 Mr. Meyers. These are the Easte
Page 137 and 138:
122 Los Anpeles Times, 5/22/86 Radi
Page 139 and 140:
124 us trig au m ifistead of a u to
Page 141 and 142:
126 have it go through a peer revie
Page 143 and 144:
128 Mr. Meyers. Mr. Chairman, may I
Page 145 and 146:
130 -2- The health assessment subgr
Page 147 and 148:
— 132 and ask my questions. If he
Page 149 and 150:
134 Mr. Denton. I do not think they
Page 151 and 152:
136 Senator Melcher. To clarify you
Page 153 and 154:
^ 138 human error then, leading to
Page 155 and 156:
140 are 25 BWR units with Mark I co
Page 157 and 158:
142 engineering safeguards for ther
Page 159 and 160:
144 STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE REC
Page 161 and 162:
146 2 - Process Heat for the chemic
Page 163 and 164:
. 148 - ^ THE HEAT IS TRANSPORTED B
Page 165 and 166:
150 Senator Domenici. Mr. Taylor, w
Page 167 and 168:
152 Of that, over the many, many ye
Page 169 and 170:
154 statement to Senate Committee o
Page 171 and 172:
. 156 have become vital and continu
Page 173 and 174:
158 NRC and our industry to produce
Page 175 and 176:
s" 160 on the facts and to ensure t
Page 177 and 178:
. 162 the fuel elements and light w
Page 179 and 180:
164 generations of RBMK designs to
Page 181 and 182:
166 • Third, the design appears t
Page 183 and 184:
168 and ramifications of flow and h
Page 185 and 186:
— 170 Senator Domenici. Thank you
Page 187 and 188:
172 Soon we will have seen a fivefo
Page 189 and 190:
174 Testimony to the Energy and Nat
Page 191 and 192:
176 o The June 1986 folder entitled
Page 193 and 194:
178 Corporate Evaluations Evaluatio
Page 195 and 196:
180 EVENT ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION
Page 197 and 198:
182 accessible from remote terminal
Page 199 and 200:
184 o INPO has also developed good
Page 201 and 202:
186 Members of the full Board are l
Page 203 and 204:
. 188 NATIONAL ACADEMY FOR NUCLEAR
Page 205 and 206:
" 190 o In May and June of 1985, th
Page 207 and 208:
192 identified during INPO evaluati
Page 209 and 210:
194 increased awareness at all leve
Page 211 and 212:
196 o Collective radiation exposure
Page 213 and 214:
198 Establishment of these long-ter
Page 215 and 216:
200 Senator Domenici. Thank you, ve
Page 217 and 218: 202 STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE REC
Page 219 and 220: . 204 -2- capacity, and has long be
Page 221 and 222: 206 • 4- Temperature Stability Th
Page 223 and 224: 208 In addition. It also appears th
Page 225 and 226: 210 Senator Domenici. Thank you. Dr
Page 227 and 228: 212 The billions of dollars per yea
Page 229 and 230: 214 As a nuclear physicist who has
Page 231 and 232: 216 industry and strong reaction fr
Page 233 and 234: 218 -5- Nevertheless, despite our o
Page 235 and 236: 220 Citizen groups are going to int
Page 237 and 238: ] 222 -9- Footnotes and References
Page 239 and 240: 224 THE BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIE
Page 241 and 242: 226 clear power plants since 1975
Page 243 and 244: 228 Jan Beyea, a physicist, is a se
Page 245 and 246: 230 ... a filtered vent system coul
Page 247 and 248: 232 It is possible that it will tak
Page 249 and 250: 234 Senator Domenici. I appreciate
Page 252 and 253: APPENDIX Responses to Additional Co
Page 254 and 255: . . 239 A2 . As noted above, we wou
Page 256 and 257: 241 QUESTION 1. Some people have sa
Page 258 and 259: 243 QUESnON_l. (Continued) 3 - For
Page 260 and 261: 245 QUESTION C.tt . What do we know
Page 262 and 263: 247
Page 264 and 265: : 249 -S-Vi9S>-ftv\.S>6)N^>^ -^'S^V
Page 266 and 267: 251 QUESTION 2. (Continued) - 2 - P
Page 270 and 271: 255 QUESTION 3 . Just to set the re
Page 272 and 273: 257 QUESTION 5. If you were to choo
Page 274 and 275: 259 2UEST|0N_5. (Continued; 3 - Fir
Page 276 and 277: 261 SMilII2!!_Z- ^° "^ "°" ^^^^ ^
Page 278 and 279: 263 SMilllO^l-^- You attended the I
Page 280 and 281: I A 265 QU E ST 1 N_ 1 , year ago,
Page 282 and 283: 267 QUESTION 10. (Continued) 3 - in
Page 284 and 285: 269 QUESTION 10. (Continued) - 5 Wi
Page 286 and 287: 271 QUESTION 10. (Continued) - 7 su
Page 288 and 289: I 273 QUESTION 10. (Continued) - 9
Page 290 and 291: : i 275 QUESTION 11. (Continued) -
Page 292 and 293: 277 QUESTION 12. (Continued) - 2 -
Page 294 and 295: 279 QUESTION 1 2. (Continued) - 4 -
Page 296 and 297: 281 UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATOR
Page 298 and 299: 283 g U E S T 1 N 13. What are the
Page 300 and 301: I 285 POST-HEARING QUESTIONS AND AN
Page 302 and 303: 287 2 maintained current. Computer
Page 304 and 305: 289 QUESTIONS FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A
Page 312 and 313: 297 -2- Answer 7 (continued): posse
Page 314 and 315: 299 -2- Answer 8 (continued): The S
Page 316 and 317: 301 -2- Answer 9 (continued): The f
Page 318 and 319:
303 Answer 10 j. -- xu (continued):
Page 320 and 321:
305 nUESTION FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A.
Page 322 and 323:
307 QUESTION FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A.
Page 324 and 325:
309 Answer 14 (continued); 2. Early
Page 326 and 327:
311 Answer 15 (continued): verifica
Page 328 and 329:
313 -2- Answer 16 (continued): Desi
Page 330 and 331:
315 -2- Answer 17 (continued): forc
Page 332 and 333:
317 POST-HEARING QUESTIONS AND ANSW
Page 334 and 335:
319 2 b. By legislation, existing D
Page 336 and 337:
321 Question 3: Has the DOE designe
Page 338 and 339:
, 323 JAMU A. WeCLUW. OAHO. CHAMHAN
Page 340 and 341:
PROF. DR. RUDOLF SCHULTEN Direklor
Page 342 and 343:
327 Questions from Senator Wallop 1
Page 344 and 345:
329 i-ooi trnl Electric Power Resea
Page 346 and 347:
: 331 J. A. McClure -2- July 08, 19
Page 348 and 349:
333 J, A. McClure -4- July 08, 1986
Page 350 and 351:
.. 335 ES, TUESDAY. JUNE 3. 1986 NE
Page 352 and 353:
337 INPO RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS BY
Page 354 and 355:
339 Answer: INPO's strength is in i
Page 356 and 357:
SAN 341 SENATE COMMITT-E ON F'-'fm;
Page 358:
343 Answer There is wide participat
Page 364:
S. Hrg. 102-765 EFFECTS OF THE ACCI
Page 367 and 368:
,,0S10H PUBUC UBRWV- COMMITTEE ON E
Page 370 and 371:
EFFECTS OF THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHER
Page 372 and 373:
It is clear that the remaining RBMK
Page 374 and 375:
the Federal prosecutor of the USSR
Page 376 and 377:
With growing urgency, the Ukrainian
Page 378 and 379:
We did check soil samples and radia
Page 380 and 381:
11 the cancer registry data in gene
Page 382 and 383:
13 we are medical investigators and
Page 384 and 385:
15 standard of medical diagnostic a
Page 386 and 387:
17 nobyl. An American-Ukrainian Med
Page 388 and 389:
19 The temperatures, however, were
Page 390 and 391:
21 down on the kind of horizontal p
Page 392 and 393:
23 those who got, shall we say, bla
Page 394 and 395:
25 Well, in the May 1992 issue of t
Page 396 and 397:
27 people just haven't complained a
Page 398 and 399:
29 — physicians that come in. Bec
Page 400 and 401:
31 tumor registries together. There
Page 402 and 403:
33 like on the 1st of January 1995
Page 404 and 405:
35 Ukraine, and two in Lithuania. T
Page 406 and 407:
37 the training of the operators, e
Page 408 and 409:
39 issue. The directions that the w
Page 410 and 411:
41 Further, there is no easy way of
Page 412 and 413:
43 I thank you for your attention.
Page 414 and 415:
45 • WERs that have not been turn
Page 416 and 417:
47 thank you for convening this hea
Page 418 and 419:
I am am 49 INTRODUCTION My name is
Page 420 and 421:
1 . 51 The Ukrainian Ministry of He
Page 422 and 423:
53 information on the actual doses
Page 424 and 425:
55 First, it is well known that wit
Page 426 and 427:
57 1) The U.S. Government should in
Page 428 and 429:
59 Level of malignant tumors of Lym
Page 430 and 431:
61 Level of Malignant Diseases amon
Page 432 and 433:
63 The Level of non-malignant hemat
Page 434 and 435:
65 The Children of Chornobyl Relief
Page 436 and 437:
2 67 TB8TIMOHT Of rr«d K, MattlMT,
Page 438 and 439:
pnxlucing ihere 69 Pan H 4. Public
Page 440 and 441:
• , t ( (iiiiiii i M 71 P«n H ev
Page 442 and 443:
73 TESTIMONY OF WLADIMIR WERTELECKY
Page 444 and 445:
. 75 education. The same comprehens
Page 446 and 447:
77 Should epidemics and other medic
Page 448 and 449:
. 79 Massive psychological effects
Page 450 and 451:
81 American-Ukrainian Medical Scien
Page 452 and 453:
83 circumstances in Ukraine, there
Page 454 and 455:
85 flep:acaBHa AyMa yKpaiHM Kojieri
Page 456 and 457:
I I 87 C.KHOliA (DMKl'AHUI Mxl'AIlK
Page 458 and 459:
89 MiHiCTepCTBO OXOpOKH 3flopoB'a P
Page 460 and 461:
. 91 m XAPKIBCbKA OBflACHA AEP>«AB
Page 462 and 463:
93 U.S. Senate Committee on Environ
Page 464 and 465:
95 What Happened The Chernobyl acci
Page 466 and 467:
97 -? 15 U) (0 < Figure 1. Estimate
Page 468 and 469:
99 form lava.' This material ran th
Page 470 and 471:
101 V) S O aċo V) (A « aQ. 3 W f
Page 472 and 473:
103 Unit 4 of ChernoSvt A'PP after
Page 474 and 475:
105 3 O) (0 £ Q. O o
Page 476 and 477:
107 •M E Mr -n. 136 \sss .4U>-^
Page 478 and 479:
109 Natural processas of decay have
Page 480 and 481:
Ill Clean up actions should be take
Page 482 and 483:
113 those involved in 1986 and part
Page 484 and 485:
115 Prepared Statement of Murray Fe
Page 486 and 487:
117 with those who are classified a
Page 488 and 489:
119 economies. Economic chaos and h
Page 490 and 491:
121 Table 1.—Operating Reactors i
Page 492 and 493:
123 FORMULA FOR FUNDING American as
Page 494 and 495:
125 their transition to a new forms
Page 496 and 497:
127 Table 1.—Cost Estimate—Cont
Page 498 and 499:
129 Nuclear Materlai;s Management U
Page 500 and 501:
131 Weeks Seven and Eight—Prelimi
Page 502 and 503:
133 Four sets dictation and transcr
Page 504 and 505:
. Develop 135 Ukrainian entrepreneu
Page 506 and 507:
137 be achieved during the first ph
Page 508 and 509:
139 tion measures. As required, the
Page 510 and 511:
141 and services. The laboratory wi
Page 512 and 513:
143 The reactor vessel, primary shi
Page 514 and 515:
145 • fixation, • restrictions
Page 516 and 517:
147 environmental compartment to an
Page 518 and 519:
149 In order to plan for and accomp
Page 520 and 521:
151 4.1.2.2 Ground Water Contaminat
Page 522 and 523:
— 153 should provide direction on
Page 524 and 525:
— 155 relative sensitivity of the
Page 526 and 527:
. . and . . they 157 ( Prepared Sta
Page 528 and 529:
. . and 159 generator. The result i
Page 530 and 531:
161 5 mln hectares of agricultural
Page 532 and 533:
' 163 Not only Ukraine, but the who
Page 534 and 535:
165 taking forceful steps to help c
Page 536 and 537:
167 late seventies." ^° Although t
Page 538 and 539:
169 actors; this information gap ma
Page 540 and 541:
171 To encourage this implementatio
Page 542 and 543:
173 production is solid fuels, eith
Page 544 and 545:
175 the energy efficiency of the ec
Page 546 and 547:
177 ' Because closing costs will in
Page 548 and 549:
. May BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY ..Hopki
Page 550 and 551:
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY 9999 U^/ 0275
Page 554:
. 'HE LEGACY OF CHORNOBYL 1986 TO 1
Page 557 and 558:
COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERAT
Page 560 and 561:
THE LEGACY OF CHORNOBYI^1986 TO 199
Page 562 and 563:
— The Helsinki Commission is very
Page 564 and 565:
and its Belarus but any single coun
Page 566 and 567:
Over 10 years after the events, I c
Page 568 and 569:
Mr. Smith. Thank you very much, Mr.
Page 570 and 571:
— 11 If you look at standardized
Page 572 and 573:
13 births. We find it difficult to
Page 574 and 575:
15 leagues have made a long-term co
Page 576 and 577:
17 7's commitment? Of the assistanc
Page 578 and 579:
19 burg is not too far. Greographic
Page 580 and 581:
21 Mr. Smith. Dr. Feshbach, can you
Page 582 and 583:
23 One of the problems with the Int
Page 584 and 585:
25 Mr. KuzMA. There's quite a large
Page 586 and 587:
— 27 bombardment of low-level rad
Page 588 and 589:
29 are proposals that Kyiv be procl
Page 590 and 591:
31 good people there, everywhere, a
Page 592 and 593:
33 Only one percent of the territor
Page 594 and 595:
35 an extent possible the consequen
Page 596 and 597:
37 up of the Consequences of the Ac
Page 598 and 599:
39 Ukrainian people realized that t
Page 600 and 601:
41 presses the brake pedal to slow
Page 602 and 603:
43 The "Sarcophagus" facility was t
Page 604 and 605:
45 8 Rivers and lakes in the vicini
Page 606 and 607:
47 10 According to maximum estimati
Page 608 and 609:
49 12 Immediately after the acciden
Page 610 and 611:
51 14 experienced radiation doses t
Page 612 and 613:
53 16 ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES Over th
Page 614 and 615:
55 18 LEGISLATION ON CHORNOBYL The
Page 616 and 617:
57 20 children affected by the Cher
Page 618 and 619:
59 22 - ensuring proper infrastruct
Page 620 and 621:
61 24 private religious, non-profit
Page 622 and 623:
63 26 environmental effects of radi
Page 624 and 625:
65 STATEMENT BY ALEXANDER B. KUZMA
Page 626 and 627:
67 uncontaminated. Two weeks ago, a
Page 628 and 629:
69 towards other health concerns ex
Page 630 and 631:
71 the enoimity of the task that li
Page 632 and 633:
73 Testimony of Dt. Natalia Lakiza-
Page 634 and 635:
75 About 5 mln people continue to l
Page 636 and 637:
77 Changes in the childbearing func
Page 638:
79 - a possible many-fold increase
Page 643:
This is a U.S. Government publicati
show all

Chernobyl Nuclear Accident Congressional Hearings Transcript

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?