Chernobyl Nuclear Accident Congressional Hearings Transcript

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APPENDIX Responses to Additional Committee Questions UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 JUL 2 2 OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS Honorable James A. McClure Chairman Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 Dear Mr. Chairman: Enclosed are our responses to the questions contained in your June 30, 1986 letter to Sheldon Meyers, Director, Office of Radiation Programs, who testified before the Committee on June 19, 1986 concerning the Chernobyl accident and its implications for the domestic nuclear industry. If I can be of further assistance, please let me know. Sincerely, Enclosure (Manson) Wilson Administrator rnal Affairs (237)
238 RESPONSES TO eOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS TO JUNE 19, 1986 HEARING BEFORE THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 01. Why are there so few federal monitoring stations in Alaska when the Arctic is a known "sink" for atmospheric pollutants, and the first traces of radioactivity over North America resulting from Chernobyl were located over the Gulf of Alaska? Al. The Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS) is a nationwide monitoring program that is operated jointly by State and local personnel and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA provides the sampling equipment, supplies, and laboratory analyses of samples. State and local governments provide the personnel that collect the samples and pay for the electricity required to run the samplers. In the event of an incident such as Chernobyl, radioactivity will be first detected in air and precipitation. There are 67 ERAMS stations that collect air particulates and precipitation. With the exception of Maryland and Massachusetts, there are one or more air sampling stations in each of the fifty States. Because nuclear debris from incidents like Chernobyl or foreign tests of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere is widely dispersed in the atmosphere, this distribution of the 67 stations is sufficient to monitor the track of air contamination as it moves across the United States and to determine if additional sampling (milk, food, and water) or other actions are required. In Alaska there are two air particulate sampling stations and milk samples are collected from the Palmer, Alaska, milk shed. The air particulate stations in Alaska, located in Anchorage and Juneau, are maintained in a ready standby mode and can be activated by phone, as required. Following the Chernobyl accident both stations operated continuously until June 1 when atmospheric radioactivity had returned to near normal levels. Milk was collected twice per week through the month of June when the normal monthly sampling program was resumed. We believe that the monitoring stations in Alaska are sufficient to provide early warning of contamination and allow appropriate protective actions to be taken. However, if the State or the Arctic Research Commission is willing to provide personnel to operate stations, we would be happy to discuss the number and location of additional monitoring sites in Alaska. Q2 . The major monitoring response to the Chernobyl accident was by State and University personnel primarily because of a perceived insufficent Federal capacity to respond. In light of the ad-hoc nature of the monitoring program in Alaska, and the presence of several University, State, and Federal groups involved in monitoring, do you see a role for the Arctic Research Commission to help coordinate the monitoring program?
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CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT DOCUMENT
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About BACM Research - PaperlessArch
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days, so they left nearly everythin
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The 1986 Report of the U.S. Departm
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S. Hrg. 99-869 THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDE
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COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RES
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BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY THE CHERNOBYL
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statement of Senator J. Bennett Joh
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We will contiue to work to make nuc
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. - the foreign reactor market that
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STATEMENT OF HON. HOWARD M. METZENB
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11 with the wrong report. He came u
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13 The residents of the state of Oh
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15 Yes, I am not satisfied with eve
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17 We accomplished our work by coll
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19 Senator Metzenbaum. Mr. Chairman
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21 The work of the Task Force was t
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23 On May 3 the State Department se
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25 The first elevated levels of rad
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27 8 Foreign data received suggeste
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29 By way of comparison, you might
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31 - 2 - around the world. In the i
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33 4 - In addition to these meeting
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35 - 6 radiological release mechani
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37 DESCRIPTION OF THE CHERNOBYL SIT
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40 SIX OPERATING PUMPS (8 PUMPS TOT
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42 .'ill a* O > S 2s5Sg sxs.f 2-53
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46 10 I. 3 c o u .>$ «o
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48 12 H
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50 14 SUPPRESSION POOL ARRANGEMENT
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52 16 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
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54 18 EXTRAPOLATION FACTORS (BACK T
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56 20 FUTURE PLANS PREPARE REPORT I
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58 The Department's Nuclear Safety
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60 STATEMENT OF MARY L. WALKEK ASSI
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62 to minimize and manage risks so
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64 Third, the United States nuclear
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66 The priority the Department plac
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68 of the reactor core melted. Unli
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70 Introduction As a member of the
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72 questions concerning fuel behavi
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74 While each of these areas are pa
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76 promises to be able to demonstra
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78 The Chairman. Thank you. Dr. Bun
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80 The most important actions we ca
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82 Nonetheless, I will try to recou
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84 I doubt If I can today convert e
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86 All of our eggs are In the baske
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88 8 safety margins and more fall -
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90 10 The existing emergency planni
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92 12 Further, If we want to ensure
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94 14 never survive the kind of pro
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96 firmed, but at least suspected t
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The Chairman. If we were to 98 have
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100 2 THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS, MR
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102 THE SOVIET UNION ALSO AGREED TH
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104 6 MR. CHAIRMAN, IT WILL DO US L
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106 12 tific developments. includin
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108 14 The participating States a^^
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no speculation in the press that it
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112 than the Soviet Union. They hav
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114 We find that as a glimmer that
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116 Mr. Denton. I don't have that a
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118 My next question is what is the
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120 Mr. Meyers. These are the Easte
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122 Los Anpeles Times, 5/22/86 Radi
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124 us trig au m ifistead of a u to
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126 have it go through a peer revie
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128 Mr. Meyers. Mr. Chairman, may I
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130 -2- The health assessment subgr
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— 132 and ask my questions. If he
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134 Mr. Denton. I do not think they
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136 Senator Melcher. To clarify you
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^ 138 human error then, leading to
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140 are 25 BWR units with Mark I co
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142 engineering safeguards for ther
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144 STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE REC
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146 2 - Process Heat for the chemic
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. 148 - ^ THE HEAT IS TRANSPORTED B
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150 Senator Domenici. Mr. Taylor, w
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152 Of that, over the many, many ye
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154 statement to Senate Committee o
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. 156 have become vital and continu
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158 NRC and our industry to produce
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s" 160 on the facts and to ensure t
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. 162 the fuel elements and light w
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164 generations of RBMK designs to
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166 • Third, the design appears t
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168 and ramifications of flow and h
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— 170 Senator Domenici. Thank you
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172 Soon we will have seen a fivefo
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174 Testimony to the Energy and Nat
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176 o The June 1986 folder entitled
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178 Corporate Evaluations Evaluatio
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180 EVENT ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION
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182 accessible from remote terminal
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184 o INPO has also developed good
Page 201 and 202: 186 Members of the full Board are l
Page 203 and 204: . 188 NATIONAL ACADEMY FOR NUCLEAR
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Page 207 and 208: 192 identified during INPO evaluati
Page 209 and 210: 194 increased awareness at all leve
Page 211 and 212: 196 o Collective radiation exposure
Page 213 and 214: 198 Establishment of these long-ter
Page 215 and 216: 200 Senator Domenici. Thank you, ve
Page 217 and 218: 202 STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE REC
Page 219 and 220: . 204 -2- capacity, and has long be
Page 221 and 222: 206 • 4- Temperature Stability Th
Page 223 and 224: 208 In addition. It also appears th
Page 225 and 226: 210 Senator Domenici. Thank you. Dr
Page 227 and 228: 212 The billions of dollars per yea
Page 229 and 230: 214 As a nuclear physicist who has
Page 231 and 232: 216 industry and strong reaction fr
Page 233 and 234: 218 -5- Nevertheless, despite our o
Page 235 and 236: 220 Citizen groups are going to int
Page 237 and 238: ] 222 -9- Footnotes and References
Page 239 and 240: 224 THE BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIE
Page 241 and 242: 226 clear power plants since 1975
Page 243 and 244: 228 Jan Beyea, a physicist, is a se
Page 245 and 246: 230 ... a filtered vent system coul
Page 247 and 248: 232 It is possible that it will tak
Page 249 and 250: 234 Senator Domenici. I appreciate
Page 254 and 255: . . 239 A2 . As noted above, we wou
Page 256 and 257: 241 QUESTION 1. Some people have sa
Page 258 and 259: 243 QUESnON_l. (Continued) 3 - For
Page 260 and 261: 245 QUESTION C.tt . What do we know
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Page 264 and 265: : 249 -S-Vi9S>-ftv\.S>6)N^>^ -^'S^V
Page 266 and 267: 251 QUESTION 2. (Continued) - 2 - P
Page 268 and 269: 253 fiU E S no N_2 . (Continued) -
Page 270 and 271: 255 QUESTION 3 . Just to set the re
Page 272 and 273: 257 QUESTION 5. If you were to choo
Page 274 and 275: 259 2UEST|0N_5. (Continued; 3 - Fir
Page 276 and 277: 261 SMilII2!!_Z- ^° "^ "°" ^^^^ ^
Page 278 and 279: 263 SMilllO^l-^- You attended the I
Page 280 and 281: I A 265 QU E ST 1 N_ 1 , year ago,
Page 282 and 283: 267 QUESTION 10. (Continued) 3 - in
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Page 290 and 291: : i 275 QUESTION 11. (Continued) -
Page 292 and 293: 277 QUESTION 12. (Continued) - 2 -
Page 294 and 295: 279 QUESTION 1 2. (Continued) - 4 -
Page 296 and 297: 281 UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATOR
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Page 300 and 301: I 285 POST-HEARING QUESTIONS AND AN
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287 2 maintained current. Computer
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289 QUESTIONS FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A
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297 -2- Answer 7 (continued): posse
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299 -2- Answer 8 (continued): The S
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301 -2- Answer 9 (continued): The f
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303 Answer 10 j. -- xu (continued):
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305 nUESTION FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A.
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307 QUESTION FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A.
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309 Answer 14 (continued); 2. Early
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311 Answer 15 (continued): verifica
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313 -2- Answer 16 (continued): Desi
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315 -2- Answer 17 (continued): forc
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317 POST-HEARING QUESTIONS AND ANSW
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319 2 b. By legislation, existing D
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321 Question 3: Has the DOE designe
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, 323 JAMU A. WeCLUW. OAHO. CHAMHAN
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PROF. DR. RUDOLF SCHULTEN Direklor
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327 Questions from Senator Wallop 1
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329 i-ooi trnl Electric Power Resea
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: 331 J. A. McClure -2- July 08, 19
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333 J, A. McClure -4- July 08, 1986
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.. 335 ES, TUESDAY. JUNE 3. 1986 NE
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337 INPO RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS BY
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339 Answer: INPO's strength is in i
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SAN 341 SENATE COMMITT-E ON F'-'fm;
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343 Answer There is wide participat
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S. Hrg. 102-765 EFFECTS OF THE ACCI
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,,0S10H PUBUC UBRWV- COMMITTEE ON E
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EFFECTS OF THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHER
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It is clear that the remaining RBMK
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the Federal prosecutor of the USSR
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With growing urgency, the Ukrainian
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We did check soil samples and radia
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11 the cancer registry data in gene
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13 we are medical investigators and
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15 standard of medical diagnostic a
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17 nobyl. An American-Ukrainian Med
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19 The temperatures, however, were
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21 down on the kind of horizontal p
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23 those who got, shall we say, bla
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25 Well, in the May 1992 issue of t
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27 people just haven't complained a
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29 — physicians that come in. Bec
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31 tumor registries together. There
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33 like on the 1st of January 1995
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35 Ukraine, and two in Lithuania. T
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37 the training of the operators, e
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39 issue. The directions that the w
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41 Further, there is no easy way of
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43 I thank you for your attention.
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45 • WERs that have not been turn
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47 thank you for convening this hea
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I am am 49 INTRODUCTION My name is
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1 . 51 The Ukrainian Ministry of He
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53 information on the actual doses
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55 First, it is well known that wit
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57 1) The U.S. Government should in
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59 Level of malignant tumors of Lym
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61 Level of Malignant Diseases amon
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63 The Level of non-malignant hemat
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65 The Children of Chornobyl Relief
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2 67 TB8TIMOHT Of rr«d K, MattlMT,
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pnxlucing ihere 69 Pan H 4. Public
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• , t ( (iiiiiii i M 71 P«n H ev
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73 TESTIMONY OF WLADIMIR WERTELECKY
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. 75 education. The same comprehens
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77 Should epidemics and other medic
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. 79 Massive psychological effects
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81 American-Ukrainian Medical Scien
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83 circumstances in Ukraine, there
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85 flep:acaBHa AyMa yKpaiHM Kojieri
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I I 87 C.KHOliA (DMKl'AHUI Mxl'AIlK
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89 MiHiCTepCTBO OXOpOKH 3flopoB'a P
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. 91 m XAPKIBCbKA OBflACHA AEP>«AB
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93 U.S. Senate Committee on Environ
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95 What Happened The Chernobyl acci
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97 -? 15 U) (0 < Figure 1. Estimate
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99 form lava.' This material ran th
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101 V) S O aċo V) (A « aQ. 3 W f
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103 Unit 4 of ChernoSvt A'PP after
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105 3 O) (0 £ Q. O o
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107 •M E Mr -n. 136 \sss .4U>-^
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109 Natural processas of decay have
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Ill Clean up actions should be take
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113 those involved in 1986 and part
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115 Prepared Statement of Murray Fe
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117 with those who are classified a
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119 economies. Economic chaos and h
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121 Table 1.—Operating Reactors i
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123 FORMULA FOR FUNDING American as
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125 their transition to a new forms
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127 Table 1.—Cost Estimate—Cont
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129 Nuclear Materlai;s Management U
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131 Weeks Seven and Eight—Prelimi
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133 Four sets dictation and transcr
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. Develop 135 Ukrainian entrepreneu
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137 be achieved during the first ph
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139 tion measures. As required, the
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141 and services. The laboratory wi
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143 The reactor vessel, primary shi
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145 • fixation, • restrictions
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147 environmental compartment to an
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149 In order to plan for and accomp
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151 4.1.2.2 Ground Water Contaminat
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— 153 should provide direction on
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— 155 relative sensitivity of the
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. . and . . they 157 ( Prepared Sta
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. . and 159 generator. The result i
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161 5 mln hectares of agricultural
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' 163 Not only Ukraine, but the who
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165 taking forceful steps to help c
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167 late seventies." ^° Although t
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169 actors; this information gap ma
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171 To encourage this implementatio
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173 production is solid fuels, eith
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175 the energy efficiency of the ec
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177 ' Because closing costs will in
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. May BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY ..Hopki
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BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY 9999 U^/ 0275
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. 'HE LEGACY OF CHORNOBYL 1986 TO 1
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COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERAT
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THE LEGACY OF CHORNOBYI^1986 TO 199
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— The Helsinki Commission is very
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and its Belarus but any single coun
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Over 10 years after the events, I c
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Mr. Smith. Thank you very much, Mr.
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— 11 If you look at standardized
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13 births. We find it difficult to
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15 leagues have made a long-term co
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17 7's commitment? Of the assistanc
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19 burg is not too far. Greographic
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21 Mr. Smith. Dr. Feshbach, can you
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23 One of the problems with the Int
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25 Mr. KuzMA. There's quite a large
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— 27 bombardment of low-level rad
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29 are proposals that Kyiv be procl
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31 good people there, everywhere, a
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33 Only one percent of the territor
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35 an extent possible the consequen
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37 up of the Consequences of the Ac
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39 Ukrainian people realized that t
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41 presses the brake pedal to slow
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43 The "Sarcophagus" facility was t
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45 8 Rivers and lakes in the vicini
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47 10 According to maximum estimati
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49 12 Immediately after the acciden
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51 14 experienced radiation doses t
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53 16 ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES Over th
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55 18 LEGISLATION ON CHORNOBYL The
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57 20 children affected by the Cher
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59 22 - ensuring proper infrastruct
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61 24 private religious, non-profit
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63 26 environmental effects of radi
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65 STATEMENT BY ALEXANDER B. KUZMA
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67 uncontaminated. Two weeks ago, a
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69 towards other health concerns ex
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71 the enoimity of the task that li
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73 Testimony of Dt. Natalia Lakiza-
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75 About 5 mln people continue to l
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77 Changes in the childbearing func
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79 - a possible many-fold increase
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This is a U.S. Government publicati
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