Chernobyl Nuclear Accident Congressional Hearings Transcript

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97 Idaho, and that will give us further information on what actually happened during the accident and what isotopes do come out in the event of a severe accident. Maybe Mr. Wade would like to elaborate on the types of tests that were done. But we have made substantial use of the Laboratory's capabilities since TMI. I think our understanding now of what happens in a water reactor is much increased as a result of those efforts. The Chairman. Mr. Wade, in terms of safety research facilities at DOE labs, do we have the same capability today that we had at the time of TMI in 1979? Mr. Wade. No, we do not, Mr. Chairman. Some of the facilities that were available in 1979 have been shut down or put on standby. They reached the end of what had been their projected experimental programs. So, in fact, the LOFT reactor to which Mr. Denton referred, and the PBF reactor are at the present time not operating. They were at the time of the TMI accident. The Chairman. Are those the only safety research facilities that have been put on standby or deactivated since 1979? Mr. Wade. No, sir. There have been others. There are thermal hydraulic safety facilities that are jointly operated by the NRC and industry which are still operating. There is a facility that I referred to in my statement in Idaho called Semiscale, which is currently planned to shut down at the end of this fiscal year. There is a research reactor at Sandia in Albuquerque which continues to operate. The Chairman. Of these that have been shut down, how many could be reactivated, if they were necessary in the future? I assume that the ones that are on standby could be started up, again. If I am in error in that assumption, I wish you would state that, too. Mr. Wade. Well, in Idaho, Mr. Chairman, of the three major test facilities, the PBF reactor could be restarted. The Semiscale facility could be continued. The LOFT reactor has been dismantled. It could not be restarted, but I believe that the data we got from the LOFT tests correlates very well with our understanding of what happened at TMI and we would not need to repeat those kind of tests, again, anyway. Mr. Denton. Mr. Chairman, I might like to add one further amplification. I realize this is not a budget meeting, but it bears on the topic. I think our expenditures on safety research have dropped dramatically over the past decade. In real dollars, we are probably spending one-fourth or one-fifth as much as we were spending at the time of TMI. I do observe, worldwide, much of the leadership in safety research and development is moving outside the United States now because those countries seem to be developing new programs and building more plants. But, for whatever reason, we are increasingly have to go to other sources for our data. We do work through agencies like the <strong>Nuclear</strong> Energy Agency and the IAEA to try to determine what is being done worldwide so we can maximize the dollars that we do spend to be sure that we are not duplicating anything spent anjrwhere else in the world.
The Chairman. If we were to 98 have another accident Uke TMI, would we go offshore for some of the research capabiUty that we use to have inside this country? Mr. Denton. The way the NRC works since we don't have any national laboratories, is that we develop a need for the information and we go to to the Department of Energy and say—can you provide this? If they don't have it, we would hope they would look offshore. But we tend to identify what our needs are and depend upon them to provide it. The Chairman. Troy? Mr. Wade. I think the fact is, Mr. Chairman, that we would have to go offshore. If we had a TMI kind of accident in the next week or so and had resources enough to restart some of our domestic test reactors, we could not do it in time to be of any help. The Chairman. My time has expired. Senator Wallop. STATEMENT OF HON. MALCOLM WALLOP, A U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF WYOMING Senator Wallop. Thank you. I have an opening statement for the record which I would ask unanimous consent that it be inserted in its entirety. The Chairman. It is so ordered. [The prepared statement of Senator Wallop follows:]
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CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT DOCUMENT
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About BACM Research - PaperlessArch
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days, so they left nearly everythin
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The 1986 Report of the U.S. Departm
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S. Hrg. 99-869 THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDE
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COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RES
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BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY THE CHERNOBYL
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statement of Senator J. Bennett Joh
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We will contiue to work to make nuc
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. - the foreign reactor market that
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STATEMENT OF HON. HOWARD M. METZENB
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11 with the wrong report. He came u
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13 The residents of the state of Oh
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15 Yes, I am not satisfied with eve
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17 We accomplished our work by coll
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19 Senator Metzenbaum. Mr. Chairman
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21 The work of the Task Force was t
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23 On May 3 the State Department se
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25 The first elevated levels of rad
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27 8 Foreign data received suggeste
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29 By way of comparison, you might
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31 - 2 - around the world. In the i
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33 4 - In addition to these meeting
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35 - 6 radiological release mechani
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37 DESCRIPTION OF THE CHERNOBYL SIT
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40 SIX OPERATING PUMPS (8 PUMPS TOT
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42 .'ill a* O > S 2s5Sg sxs.f 2-53
Page 61 and 62: 46 10 I. 3 c o u .>$ «o
Page 63 and 64: 48 12 H
Page 65 and 66: 50 14 SUPPRESSION POOL ARRANGEMENT
Page 67 and 68: 52 16 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
Page 69 and 70: 54 18 EXTRAPOLATION FACTORS (BACK T
Page 71 and 72: 56 20 FUTURE PLANS PREPARE REPORT I
Page 73 and 74: 58 The Department's Nuclear Safety
Page 75 and 76: 60 STATEMENT OF MARY L. WALKEK ASSI
Page 77 and 78: 62 to minimize and manage risks so
Page 79 and 80: 64 Third, the United States nuclear
Page 81 and 82: 66 The priority the Department plac
Page 83 and 84: 68 of the reactor core melted. Unli
Page 85 and 86: 70 Introduction As a member of the
Page 87 and 88: 72 questions concerning fuel behavi
Page 89 and 90: 74 While each of these areas are pa
Page 91 and 92: 76 promises to be able to demonstra
Page 93 and 94: 78 The Chairman. Thank you. Dr. Bun
Page 95 and 96: 80 The most important actions we ca
Page 97 and 98: 82 Nonetheless, I will try to recou
Page 99 and 100: 84 I doubt If I can today convert e
Page 101 and 102: 86 All of our eggs are In the baske
Page 103 and 104: 88 8 safety margins and more fall -
Page 105 and 106: 90 10 The existing emergency planni
Page 107 and 108: 92 12 Further, If we want to ensure
Page 109 and 110: 94 14 never survive the kind of pro
Page 111: 96 firmed, but at least suspected t
Page 115 and 116: 100 2 THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS, MR
Page 117 and 118: 102 THE SOVIET UNION ALSO AGREED TH
Page 119 and 120: 104 6 MR. CHAIRMAN, IT WILL DO US L
Page 121 and 122: 106 12 tific developments. includin
Page 123 and 124: 108 14 The participating States a^^
Page 125 and 126: no speculation in the press that it
Page 127 and 128: 112 than the Soviet Union. They hav
Page 129 and 130: 114 We find that as a glimmer that
Page 131 and 132: 116 Mr. Denton. I don't have that a
Page 133 and 134: 118 My next question is what is the
Page 135 and 136: 120 Mr. Meyers. These are the Easte
Page 137 and 138: 122 Los Anpeles Times, 5/22/86 Radi
Page 139 and 140: 124 us trig au m ifistead of a u to
Page 141 and 142: 126 have it go through a peer revie
Page 143 and 144: 128 Mr. Meyers. Mr. Chairman, may I
Page 145 and 146: 130 -2- The health assessment subgr
Page 147 and 148: — 132 and ask my questions. If he
Page 149 and 150: 134 Mr. Denton. I do not think they
Page 151 and 152: 136 Senator Melcher. To clarify you
Page 153 and 154: ^ 138 human error then, leading to
Page 155 and 156: 140 are 25 BWR units with Mark I co
Page 157 and 158: 142 engineering safeguards for ther
Page 159 and 160: 144 STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE REC
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. 148 - ^ THE HEAT IS TRANSPORTED B
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150 Senator Domenici. Mr. Taylor, w
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152 Of that, over the many, many ye
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154 statement to Senate Committee o
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. 156 have become vital and continu
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158 NRC and our industry to produce
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s" 160 on the facts and to ensure t
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. 162 the fuel elements and light w
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164 generations of RBMK designs to
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166 • Third, the design appears t
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168 and ramifications of flow and h
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— 170 Senator Domenici. Thank you
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172 Soon we will have seen a fivefo
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174 Testimony to the Energy and Nat
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176 o The June 1986 folder entitled
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178 Corporate Evaluations Evaluatio
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180 EVENT ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION
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182 accessible from remote terminal
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184 o INPO has also developed good
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186 Members of the full Board are l
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. 188 NATIONAL ACADEMY FOR NUCLEAR
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" 190 o In May and June of 1985, th
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192 identified during INPO evaluati
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194 increased awareness at all leve
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196 o Collective radiation exposure
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198 Establishment of these long-ter
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200 Senator Domenici. Thank you, ve
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202 STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE REC
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. 204 -2- capacity, and has long be
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206 • 4- Temperature Stability Th
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208 In addition. It also appears th
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210 Senator Domenici. Thank you. Dr
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212 The billions of dollars per yea
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214 As a nuclear physicist who has
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216 industry and strong reaction fr
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218 -5- Nevertheless, despite our o
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220 Citizen groups are going to int
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] 222 -9- Footnotes and References
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224 THE BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIE
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226 clear power plants since 1975
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228 Jan Beyea, a physicist, is a se
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230 ... a filtered vent system coul
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232 It is possible that it will tak
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234 Senator Domenici. I appreciate
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APPENDIX Responses to Additional Co
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. . 239 A2 . As noted above, we wou
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241 QUESTION 1. Some people have sa
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243 QUESnON_l. (Continued) 3 - For
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245 QUESTION C.tt . What do we know
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247
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: 249 -S-Vi9S>-ftv\.S>6)N^>^ -^'S^V
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251 QUESTION 2. (Continued) - 2 - P
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253 fiU E S no N_2 . (Continued) -
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255 QUESTION 3 . Just to set the re
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257 QUESTION 5. If you were to choo
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259 2UEST|0N_5. (Continued; 3 - Fir
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261 SMilII2!!_Z- ^° "^ "°" ^^^^ ^
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263 SMilllO^l-^- You attended the I
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I A 265 QU E ST 1 N_ 1 , year ago,
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267 QUESTION 10. (Continued) 3 - in
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269 QUESTION 10. (Continued) - 5 Wi
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271 QUESTION 10. (Continued) - 7 su
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I 273 QUESTION 10. (Continued) - 9
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: i 275 QUESTION 11. (Continued) -
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277 QUESTION 12. (Continued) - 2 -
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279 QUESTION 1 2. (Continued) - 4 -
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281 UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATOR
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283 g U E S T 1 N 13. What are the
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I 285 POST-HEARING QUESTIONS AND AN
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287 2 maintained current. Computer
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289 QUESTIONS FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A
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297 -2- Answer 7 (continued): posse
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299 -2- Answer 8 (continued): The S
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301 -2- Answer 9 (continued): The f
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303 Answer 10 j. -- xu (continued):
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305 nUESTION FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A.
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307 QUESTION FROM CHAIRMAN JAMES A.
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309 Answer 14 (continued); 2. Early
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311 Answer 15 (continued): verifica
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313 -2- Answer 16 (continued): Desi
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315 -2- Answer 17 (continued): forc
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317 POST-HEARING QUESTIONS AND ANSW
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319 2 b. By legislation, existing D
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321 Question 3: Has the DOE designe
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, 323 JAMU A. WeCLUW. OAHO. CHAMHAN
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PROF. DR. RUDOLF SCHULTEN Direklor
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327 Questions from Senator Wallop 1
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329 i-ooi trnl Electric Power Resea
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: 331 J. A. McClure -2- July 08, 19
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333 J, A. McClure -4- July 08, 1986
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.. 335 ES, TUESDAY. JUNE 3. 1986 NE
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337 INPO RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS BY
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339 Answer: INPO's strength is in i
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SAN 341 SENATE COMMITT-E ON F'-'fm;
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343 Answer There is wide participat
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S. Hrg. 102-765 EFFECTS OF THE ACCI
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,,0S10H PUBUC UBRWV- COMMITTEE ON E
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EFFECTS OF THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHER
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It is clear that the remaining RBMK
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the Federal prosecutor of the USSR
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With growing urgency, the Ukrainian
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We did check soil samples and radia
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11 the cancer registry data in gene
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13 we are medical investigators and
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15 standard of medical diagnostic a
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17 nobyl. An American-Ukrainian Med
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19 The temperatures, however, were
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21 down on the kind of horizontal p
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23 those who got, shall we say, bla
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25 Well, in the May 1992 issue of t
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27 people just haven't complained a
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29 — physicians that come in. Bec
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31 tumor registries together. There
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33 like on the 1st of January 1995
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35 Ukraine, and two in Lithuania. T
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37 the training of the operators, e
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39 issue. The directions that the w
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41 Further, there is no easy way of
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43 I thank you for your attention.
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45 • WERs that have not been turn
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47 thank you for convening this hea
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I am am 49 INTRODUCTION My name is
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1 . 51 The Ukrainian Ministry of He
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53 information on the actual doses
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55 First, it is well known that wit
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57 1) The U.S. Government should in
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59 Level of malignant tumors of Lym
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61 Level of Malignant Diseases amon
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63 The Level of non-malignant hemat
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65 The Children of Chornobyl Relief
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2 67 TB8TIMOHT Of rr«d K, MattlMT,
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pnxlucing ihere 69 Pan H 4. Public
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• , t ( (iiiiiii i M 71 P«n H ev
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73 TESTIMONY OF WLADIMIR WERTELECKY
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. 75 education. The same comprehens
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77 Should epidemics and other medic
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. 79 Massive psychological effects
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81 American-Ukrainian Medical Scien
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83 circumstances in Ukraine, there
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85 flep:acaBHa AyMa yKpaiHM Kojieri
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I I 87 C.KHOliA (DMKl'AHUI Mxl'AIlK
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89 MiHiCTepCTBO OXOpOKH 3flopoB'a P
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. 91 m XAPKIBCbKA OBflACHA AEP>«AB
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93 U.S. Senate Committee on Environ
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95 What Happened The Chernobyl acci
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97 -? 15 U) (0 < Figure 1. Estimate
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99 form lava.' This material ran th
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101 V) S O aċo V) (A « aQ. 3 W f
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103 Unit 4 of ChernoSvt A'PP after
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105 3 O) (0 £ Q. O o
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107 •M E Mr -n. 136 \sss .4U>-^
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109 Natural processas of decay have
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Ill Clean up actions should be take
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113 those involved in 1986 and part
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115 Prepared Statement of Murray Fe
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117 with those who are classified a
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119 economies. Economic chaos and h
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121 Table 1.—Operating Reactors i
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123 FORMULA FOR FUNDING American as
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125 their transition to a new forms
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127 Table 1.—Cost Estimate—Cont
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129 Nuclear Materlai;s Management U
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131 Weeks Seven and Eight—Prelimi
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133 Four sets dictation and transcr
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. Develop 135 Ukrainian entrepreneu
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137 be achieved during the first ph
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139 tion measures. As required, the
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141 and services. The laboratory wi
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143 The reactor vessel, primary shi
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145 • fixation, • restrictions
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147 environmental compartment to an
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149 In order to plan for and accomp
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151 4.1.2.2 Ground Water Contaminat
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— 153 should provide direction on
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— 155 relative sensitivity of the
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. . and . . they 157 ( Prepared Sta
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. . and 159 generator. The result i
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161 5 mln hectares of agricultural
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' 163 Not only Ukraine, but the who
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165 taking forceful steps to help c
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167 late seventies." ^° Although t
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169 actors; this information gap ma
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171 To encourage this implementatio
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173 production is solid fuels, eith
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175 the energy efficiency of the ec
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177 ' Because closing costs will in
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. May BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY ..Hopki
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BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY 9999 U^/ 0275
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. 'HE LEGACY OF CHORNOBYL 1986 TO 1
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COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERAT
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THE LEGACY OF CHORNOBYI^1986 TO 199
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— The Helsinki Commission is very
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and its Belarus but any single coun
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Over 10 years after the events, I c
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Mr. Smith. Thank you very much, Mr.
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— 11 If you look at standardized
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13 births. We find it difficult to
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15 leagues have made a long-term co
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17 7's commitment? Of the assistanc
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19 burg is not too far. Greographic
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21 Mr. Smith. Dr. Feshbach, can you
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23 One of the problems with the Int
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25 Mr. KuzMA. There's quite a large
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— 27 bombardment of low-level rad
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29 are proposals that Kyiv be procl
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31 good people there, everywhere, a
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33 Only one percent of the territor
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35 an extent possible the consequen
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37 up of the Consequences of the Ac
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39 Ukrainian people realized that t
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41 presses the brake pedal to slow
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43 The "Sarcophagus" facility was t
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45 8 Rivers and lakes in the vicini
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47 10 According to maximum estimati
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49 12 Immediately after the acciden
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51 14 experienced radiation doses t
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53 16 ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES Over th
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55 18 LEGISLATION ON CHORNOBYL The
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57 20 children affected by the Cher
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59 22 - ensuring proper infrastruct
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61 24 private religious, non-profit
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63 26 environmental effects of radi
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65 STATEMENT BY ALEXANDER B. KUZMA
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67 uncontaminated. Two weeks ago, a
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69 towards other health concerns ex
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71 the enoimity of the task that li
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73 Testimony of Dt. Natalia Lakiza-
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75 About 5 mln people continue to l
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77 Changes in the childbearing func
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79 - a possible many-fold increase
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This is a U.S. Government publicati
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