Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant CIA Files - Paperless Archives

• Early reactor operations at the Kyshtym complex clearly created a
chronic contamination problem of significant proportions in the Tccha
River drainage an::a. Radioactive products. which resulted from reactor
fuel failures and irradiation of coolant impurities. flowed into the river
after they were discharged to the lake that provides cooling water (intake
and discharge) for the reactors. In the late 19505 bypass canals were
constructed. isolating the lake from the river. to prevent further contamination
of the river.
• An incident occurred in one of the reactor areas during the late 1950s
and probably was the cause of the shutdown of the area during the 1960s
and 19705. The mostlikcly cause of the incident was a failure of the core·
cooling system or a sudden reactor power surge. Th\s incident pr.)hably
produced only intense. short-lived contamination near the reactor. But it
also may have caused radiation injuries to maintenance and cleanup
personnel at the facility as well as to inhabitants of the affected off-site
areas .
• An accident in the fuel reprocessing area. either a rire or chemical
explosion within the area. probably was responsible for the shutdown of
the area in 1957-5K. Such an aCcident probably would cause local
radioactive contamination and possibly radiation injuries to maintenance
and cleanup personnel. An accident external to the area. such as a wastepit
explosion. also may hav;: been responsibk
• A large explosion of stored chemiC-dis may have occurred within the
Kyshtym complex. Such an explosion and the subsequent rire could
explain some of the events described in several reports. /\. large chemical
explosion would not necessarily have had a direct impact on any of the facilities
within the complex containing radioactive materials. At most.
only minor, localized contamination would have resulted.
The events at Kyshtym have little relevance to current nuclear technology
safety issur::s. The nuclear waste storage practices and technology. the fucl
reprocessing technology, and the reactor technology now available arc
significantly different and/or improved relative to those in use at Kyshtym
during the 1950s.
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