Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant CIA Files - Paperless Archives
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant CIA Files - Paperless Archives
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant CIA Files - Paperless Archives
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<strong>Chernobyl</strong> <strong>Nuclear</strong> <strong>Power</strong> <strong>Plant</strong> Accident <strong>CIA</strong>, Department<br />
of Defense, Department of Energy, Congressional, GAO,<br />
and Foreign Press Monitoring <strong>Files</strong><br />
4,010 pages of <strong>CIA</strong>, Department of Defense, Department of Energy,<br />
Congressional, GAO, and foreign press monitoring files related to the<br />
<strong>Chernobyl</strong> <strong>Nuclear</strong> Accident.<br />
On Sunday April 26, 1986, at the <strong>Chernobyl</strong> <strong>Nuclear</strong> <strong>Power</strong> <strong>Plant</strong> near<br />
Pripyat, Ukraine, reactor #4 exploded. For the 25 years from 1986 to<br />
2011, this incident has been referred to as the world's worst nuclear<br />
power plant accident.<br />
THE ACCIDENT<br />
According to reports filed with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)<br />
on April 25, 1986, technicians at the <strong>Chernobyl</strong> plant launched a poorly<br />
executed experiment to test the emergency electricity supply to one of<br />
its Soviet RBMK type design reactors. The test was meant to measure a<br />
turbogenerator's ability to provide in-house emergency power after<br />
shutting off its steam supply. During the experiment the technicians<br />
violated several rules in place for operating the reactor.<br />
During the experiment, the emergency shutdown system was turned off. The<br />
reactor was being operated with too many control rods withdrawn. These<br />
human errors, coupled with a design flaw that allowed reactor power to<br />
surge when uncontrolled steam generation began in the core, set up the<br />
conditions for the accident.<br />
A chain of events lasting 40 seconds occurred at 1:23 AM on April 26.<br />
The technicians operating the reactor put the reactor in an unstable<br />
condition, so reactor power increased rapidly when the experiment began.<br />
Subsequent analysis of the Soviet data by U.S. experts at the Department<br />
of Energy, suggests the power surge may have accelerated when the<br />
operators tried an emergency shutdown of the reactor. According to Soviet<br />
data, the energy released was, for a fraction of a second, 350 times the<br />
rated capacity of the reactor. This burst of energy resulted in an<br />
instantaneous and violent surge of heat and pressure, rupturing fuel<br />
channels and releasing steam that disrupted large portions of the core.<br />
The surge destroyed the core of reactor unit four, containing<br />
approximately 200 tons of nuclear fuel. Some of the shattered core<br />
material was propelled through the roof of the reactor building. The hot<br />
core material of reactor 4 started about 30 separate fires in the unit 4<br />
reactor hall and turbine building, as well as on the roof of the<br />
adjoining unit 3. All but the main fire in the graphite moderator<br />
material still inside unit 4 were extinguished in a few hours.<br />
It was a day and a half before the people living in Pripyat were ordered<br />
to evacuate. The residents were told they would only be gone for several