Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant CIA Files - Paperless Archives

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.... ;~O;: Ihe nuclear prOiram :Ire likely 10 respond 10 the Chcrnob):" accident whh inerca$ed ncli\'iI)~ (II spccialislS on ccol~y, (21 those region;al Communist P:lrly ;tuthoritics who h3\'C sbown rcluetance to b3ck nuclc:lr projects, nnd (31 scallercd indh'iduals wbo rcrealn erauroolS expression of doubt and concern about the locations Ilnd operations of nuclear plants. Althoueb SO\'iet ecolo,ists ba\'c ceneral!)' supported the nuclear prOiram as pro\'idine an cncrlY source much less disruptive to tbc environment than fossil fuels, particularly coal. a fcw scientislS ba\'C criticized lhe impact of nuelear eneriY. The most prominent of tbese crities has been Nikolai Dollezha!, orieinal dcsiener of the Chernobyl'·typc reactors. In an article published in a leadini Soviet journal in 1979, DoUez- . hal ariued that a larle nuclear program in thc European USSR could eventually rcquire withdra ..... al of lands from agricultural production, m;ake excessive dcmands on water resources, :lnd release eeoloeieally threatenini quantities of beat into thc atmospher~, D,;'I1. or ul_menu couched in ccolocicol bnt.3ce. hue had inftucncc on S",·ic:1 i>OIjC)·tmkin, is supporled tJ:.- their role in recent a-cnls: the decision nollo di,"crt Sibcr&'D rin':CJ. the r,,"~'Up 10 'he Dnuter Rh'cr chemical s~tl1. and the "nuclC3r 'Ainter N line in nuclear ,,-"(aron,. dC'b..,tC'! Ukraine, for example! gambled hC:l\'ilyon Ihe: suc· ccssful operation of nuclear po\\'Cr plants: nc:;arlY:l1I ncw (lOwer plant construction tberc sincc the iatc 19705 has been nuclear. The leadcrship 0( the: Georeian republic, howel'er. opposed buildine nuclcar plants until c:;arly 1986, whcn lbe construction of a power station was announced. Thc b:isl$ .for opposition to nuclear plants in Gcoreia W3S not fully discussed in the SUI'jet press. but concern about t:ldiolollical consequences on Gcoreian agriculture "'';IS (videnl The Chernobyl' catastrophe is likely to rcvive the Gcar. gia.'1 antinuclear lobby,which may now be more successful in aTlluing tb;at untapped hydro resources and local coal deposits can meet future Georgian electricity needs. ' Impact on Resource Allocation and Trade The assorted production and research bureaucracies of the enerllY ministries that competc for resources with nuclear power (oil, 1la5, and coal) will usc the Chernobyl' accident and its associated capital costs as an opportunity to promote their claims for investment resources at the expense of the nuclear Industry (sec inset). In the short term, the oil and natural las industries may be the quickest to take advanta&e of the Soviet nuclear industry'S setback. Oil and gas provided 70 percent of the USSR's enern production in 1986 and will remain the most important Soviet energy sources well into the I 990s. SpokeSmen for oil and ,as industry interests will be able to make the case Ihat"()ver the next several yc;.rs these fuels \1;11 be even more necessary for the Soviet economy because the nuclear industry will fall short of plans while it is reorganizing and relroupine in reaction to Chernobyl'. The oil and las int:rests will probably link this argument to a bid for increases in their already escalating requirements for investment and skilled labor. promising that they can meet tbe encr&), needs of the eeonomy Coal is nuclear (lOwer's main lonl-term competitor. Coal·based cnera)' slrateeies have backers in the State Planning Committee (Gosplan), in tbe Power 21
. .- : .. c.··.-;·· . Ct:\ c'[r if ",e'".o.,r'«id,., .!)iSE~Ei~i~t~fr1J~it:;S:~~rit';;• At tl milJill/l~il/_ :IIt' 1I/'c/t'Qr illdlutry k'i/l nr('~/IU' ',:.,' 'thc\\\:St:tr...: rc.lc!o~sim~lil~rs and iQchin~ ~ids for ,airr pff rhr:400-mil/ion-rublt' ua('tor d~stro)'('d a( Lir':linini£ reaelor orc-ralor;',:uiil'~uiil(iieht ( ,chased in Ihe Wesl is'cmnlial I~ thcp(Oductiori orih: COllltrllcilon jor nuclear'plants alwaged ~orl.l· } ::-" 'major compo~~n!S wed in'these 'rC3ctors~ Man)' com. billioll rubles. almost J5 perccnt qf all pOk·tr illduslr.i- ponc:nu of a r"cncrie n:lline (such :IS pipes, \":Ih'cs. and ill"~SfI/lCllt_ Additional sunil. p('rhal'S s~I'crallll/ll- 'pum"s) could also be purehas
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CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT DOCUMENT
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CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT DOCUMENT
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days, so they left nearly everythin
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The 1986 Report of the U.S. Departm
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.. Soviet Nu
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"FOP SECRET NIE 11-2-71 SOVIET NUCL
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T-OPSECRa Page IV. ADVANCED NUCLEAR
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2 rop SECRET services to others and
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4 TOP SECREf-'- for 1977 is about 1
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6 TOP SECRET DISCUSSION I J I '" i
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8 TOP SECRET L ~L J TOP SECRET
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10 TOP SECRET 16.C D. Other Weapon
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12 fOP SECRET II. PRODUCTION OF NUC
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14 'fOP SECRET ium. Ten percent of
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: i. 16 TOP SECRET L J TOP SECRET
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18 fOP SECRa cumulated over the pas
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20 lOP SECRET TABLE V SOVIET NUCLEA
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22 TOP SEC-RETradioisotopes as a po
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24 TOP SECRET ing and the supply of
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Blank Paqe 26
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28 TOP SECRET Power Utilization Ind
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,~v' -:~. '.' .~.~. ~,.'*-J ... Bla
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32 'fOP SECRET ANNEX A (Continued)
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Blank Daqe 34
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Blank Pa'le 36 l
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I~;~ - ~'.: .. "; e. iA~sjstantChie
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Soviet PWR in the near future. The
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I , ... i • UNCLASSIFIED , , i ~
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.' 1 \ ~ il' . ..... .1 I. 'f I'} 1
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213 29 Oktemberyan 1 Oktemberyan 2
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10.. National Forei!:n Ass('Ssmen I
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.c'- Sc @' -. USSR: Nuclear Acciden
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("oatents Overview Introduction Ind
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'. USSR: Nuclear Accidcnl Near I
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• I·.~"I,~;" .. ':'It tllf': ...
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.:. }-~;:. ~- .,- ~ -"
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.( .. 3~~;. ° t···:"":· ,)~ o
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'\ ;" I , ," I. .1 t
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i I:: II!"." - -----_._---- -"..:,
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eing created by fallout from high-y
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,~ Intelligence Ji.~ or Me!b,pdS''i
Page 88 and 89: .~ Contellts Key Judgments Introduc
Page 90 and 91: stations. There is no single docume
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Page 94 and 95: Figure 3 Separative Work Requiremen
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Page 98 and 99: ~ec(O' .\' OVl:r the long run, nucl
Page 101 and 102: Appendix A Existing and Planned Nuc
Page 103 and 104: Table 3 (conlinuc
Page 105 and 106: Appendix B Summary of Separative Wo
Page 107 and 108: Summary of Separative Work Units, b
Page 109 and 110: Seclcl .J The Soviet Nuclear Power
Page 111 and 112: UireC:Corace of Intelligence Secret
Page 113 and 114: Longstanding problems in manufactur
Page 115 and 116: BLANKPA.GE · .. ....
Page 117 and 118: Scop~ Nolc For 5e\'cral decades the
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Page 123 and 124: A Chronology 01 the Recorery FJforl
Page 125 and 126: .~ ;:,o\"lcl I\"uclcar I'O\\W Planl
Page 127 and 128: ,-umlrUClIon of So\icl Commercial N
Page 129 and 130: SUI'il:! NUell'lIC l'UII'Cr: Pcrfoc
Page 131 and 132: I\CI\' YI'Kclly :11 SII\'i~1 Nudr:a
Page 133 and 134: prograllJ· The larger number of sm
Page 135 and 136: ~(Ci (( Ajta slIIt!."ing till: ,,'s
Page 137: Tht Man/ifaclurins: lrr!raSlrUClllr
Page 141 and 142: 1/1 public testimonials, :1 /lumber
Page 143 and 144: Warning Page Deleted B-3 : .~. ,. -
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Page 147 and 148: 3 ? 55 757" 77 nqm r 7: T? r .1- ,
Page 149 and 150: NlCARAGUA: Government Crackdown Con
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Page 167 and 168: " Wandna Notice Intelligence Source
Page 169 and 170: The Chernobyl' Accident: Social and
Page 171 and 172: The Chernobyl' Accident: Social and
Page 173 and 174: '. ..,j The new consciousness about
Page 175 and 176: Contents Scope Note Summary ... _ .
Page 177 and 178: lAxity and Poor Design of tire Clre
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Page 181 and 182: Figure I Evacuated and Repopulated
Page 183 and 184: MeliCi 1 Fi~.n 2. a} Mill/ary r~urv
Page 185 and 186: Tire CMI Ddense Role in Clrernobyl'
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"tice'€t Political FaUout From Ch
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SeCi€'---- officials who had more
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,SQQ!Fct ...) • Citizens as far a
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Protecting Water Supplies The marsh
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BCCiCi . c _ ;J workers went on str
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,it tet Chernobyl' has even been in
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Incidents in Soviet Nuclear Power P
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Relocation Moscow announced Ihe eva
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.-Seeret - Criticism of official su
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• Finally, the Gorbachev regime w
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~L in dealing with the incident, ra
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~~~IAL ter at the AES to manage the
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Ukrainians would prefer to seek tec
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Appendix A Players in the Aftermath
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