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and dissemination of available alternatives; and strengthening of institutional capacity for monitoring DDT imports, use and disposal. In an inventory carried out in 2003 revealed an obsolete pesticides stock of about 170.5 MT (including DDT) in Tanzania mainland and 150kg of DDT in Zanzibar. Since stockpiles are located in towns or villages and near water bodies, there are potential health hazards to human and the environment. However, there is no assessment that has been done to ascertain levels of hazards associated with DDT. The existing DDT stockpile is expected to be disposed of through the Africa Stockpile Project (ASP), expected to commence in August 2005. At present there is no specific legal provisions that regulate DDT use for public health in Tanzania. However, DDT like any other pesticide is regulated by the Plant Protection Act (1997) and Plant Protection Regulations (1999) in mainland Tanzania whereas in Zanzibar, it is regulated by the Public Health Act (1980). Hence amendments of the respective laws are needed to facilitate DDT use in public health and enforce compliance with the Stockholm Convention. In general DDT importation and use will be restricted hence special conditions will be set for its use. 3.0 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION IN TANZANIA Tanzania became a Party to the Stockholm Convention in 30 th April 2004. This is an indication that the country is committed to safeguard the health of its people and the environment and values the importance of international cooperation in addressing global environmental concerns. The Vice President’s Office is the National Focal Point for this Convention. a) Development of the National Implementation Plan (NIP) for the Stockholm Convention Since 2002 the Vice President’s Office in collaboration with key stakeholders is involved in the preparation of NIP for the Stockholm Convention. This two-year project is supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The development of the NIP involved four phases, namely: establishment of coordination mechanism and process planning; establishment of POPs inventories and assessment of national infrastructure capacity of national infrastructure capacity, priority assessment and objective setting, formulation of the NIP and its endorsement. The NIP addresses the management of POPs chemicals and wastes, and support awareness raising in order to increase understanding regarding the negative impact of POPs on human and the environment. The NIP is in the final stages of fine-tuning prior to endorsement by stakeholders. 65
) Strengthening Regulatory Regime (Enactment of Principal Environmental Legislation) Section 77 of the Environmental Management Act (EMA) (2004) deals with the issues of POPs in detail. It has included the provisions of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants regarding obligations of Parties in eliminating releases of POPs. It also provides for the implementation of the NIP in the country and annual reporting. The Act gives powers to the Minister to make regulations regarding management of POPs releases. Further, the Act provides requirement for each sector ministry to undertake necessary legal and administrative measures to reduce or eliminate releases of intentionally produced POPs in its production, use, import, export and disposal in accordance with the provisions of the Stockholm Convention. The enactment of EMA (2004) provides enabling environment for domestication and implementation of the Stockholm Convention. There are also various legislation to support implementation of the Stockholm Convention. Key legislations include:- the Public Health Ordinance (1954); Water Act of 1974 and its amendments of 1981, 1997 and 2000; The Plant Protection Act (1997) and its Regulations (1999); The National Industrial Licensing and Registration Act (1967), and its amendment of 1982; Mining Act (1979) and its amendment of 1988 and 1999; and Local Government Act (1982) and its amendment of 2000. Also, the Industrial and Consumer Chemicals (Management and Control) of 2003 and the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 2003. Some of these Acts have weaknesses such as narrowness in scope, low penalties and inadequate co-ordination. Some legislation, despite their adequacy are not adequately implemented due to inadequate institutional capacity in terms of facilities, equipment, training and financial resources. c) Mainstreaming Environment into Poverty Reduction Strategy The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) of 2004 keeps in focus the aspiration of Tanzania’s Development Vision (Vision 2025) for high and shared growth, high quality livelihood, peace, stability, unity, good governance, high quality education and international competitiveness. It is committed to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as internationally agreed targets for reducing poverty, hunger, diseases, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women. The NSGRP is a five-year framework policy outlining goals, targets and strategies for 3 clusters. These are:- (i) Cluster I - growth of the economy and reduction in income; (ii) Cluster II – improvement of quality of life and social well-being; and (iii) Cluster III – Governance and accountability. 66
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PESTICIDES AND POVERTY Implementing
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3.4 THEME IV: PROJECT DETAILS......
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MoH Ministry of Health MT Metric To
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Initially, she gave a brief history
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iii. Rotterdam Convention - Mr. A.
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this project are aware of this trai
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On in implementation part the prese
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to that effect, however, EMA requir
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decision to prohibit transboundary
Page 19 and 20: Mr. Akhabuhaya - Registrar of Pesti
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Page 25 and 26: work plan preparation, there is a n
Page 27 and 28: After the presentation it was asked
Page 29 and 30: 4.0 GROUP WORK AND PRESENTATIONS 4.
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Page 35 and 36: 7.1. Identify effective ways to pro
Page 37 and 38: 8.1. Production and dissemination o
Page 39 and 40: GROUP 1 PROVISION OF INPUTS TO THE
Page 41 and 42: - misuse of pesticides as obstacle
Page 43 and 44: • Mapping of supply chain for pes
Page 45 and 46: 6.0. CLOSING REMARKS The closing re
Page 47 and 48: APPENDIX I WORKSHOP PROGRAMME 42
Page 49 and 50: 17.00 End Day 1 Day 2: Thursday 4 t
Page 51 and 52: APPENDIX II LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 46
Page 53 and 54: 7 Dr. Enock Masanja University of D
Page 55: 18 Dr. Ruth Minja Tanzania Associat
Page 58 and 59: Pesticides and Poverty Implementing
Page 60 and 61: Activity 6 - CASE STUDIES - Documen
Page 62 and 63: CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE ST
Page 64 and 65: In recent decades, the risks posed
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Page 68 and 69: c) Report to the Conference of the
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Page 74 and 75: Table 1: List of stakeholders and t
Page 76 and 77: Institution xxiv) TANESCO xxv) Seed
Page 78 and 79: 5.0 CHALLENGES AND PLANNED EFFORTS
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Page 82 and 83: 7.0 CONCLUDING REMARKS The Stockhol
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Page 88 and 89: provides early warning for developi
Page 90 and 91: TABLE 1: CHEMICALS SUBJECT TO THE P
Page 92 and 93: Chemical Category Registration Stat
Page 94 and 95: PAPER ON BASEL AND BAMAKO CONVENTIO
Page 96 and 97: 1.0 Introduction 1.1 History of the
Page 98 and 99: ⇒ The prevention and monitoring o
Page 100 and 101: need to be disposed of. Hence trans
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spraying with pesticides, including
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4.2 How do the MDGs link to Pestici
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• Impacts on certain populations,
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and sociological issues (“mainstr
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6.3 Non-Income Poverty 6.3.1 Educat
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7.2 Least-Toxic Controls In this ap
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8.2 Rotterdam Convention Article 3:
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coordination. Most important some C
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Introduction PESTICIDE AND POVERTY:
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Registration and Control • Respon
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THE ASP AND CIVIL SOCIETY • The A
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Coordination of NGOs • Use existi
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How International Agreements Can Pr
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4. Implementing the Codes & Convent
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CPAM MONITORING TOOLS 1. Community
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AGENDA Experience • Visits the vi
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DESIGNING AN ECOLOGICAL MONITORING
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PESTICIDES AND POVERTY CASE STUDIES
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