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CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPs ......58 1.1 What are Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)......................................58 1.2 Why are POPs a Global Issue? ..............................................................58 1.3 The Stockholm Convention on POPs......................................................59 1.4 Substantive Provisions of the Stockholm Convention .............................60 2.0 STATUS OF OF POPs PESTICIDES AND DDT MANAGEMENT IN TANZANIA ...............................................................................................63 2.1 POPs Pesticides .....................................................................................63 2.2 DDT ........................................................................................................64 3.0 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION IN TANZANIA ...............................................................................................65 4.0 ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 68 5.0 CHALLENGES AND PLANNED EFFORTS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION .........................................................73 5.1 Challenges..............................................................................................73 5.2 Planned Efforts .......................................................................................75 6.0 LINKING THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION TO POVERTY REDUCTION .................................................................................................................75 6.1 The Poverty-Environment Linkage..........................................................75 6.2 Suggested Interventions to Strengthen Linkage of the Stockholm Convention to Poverty Reduction ..............................................................76 7.0 CONCLUDING REMARKS ......................................................................77 57
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPs 1.1 What are Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Chemicals are a vital part of our daily life. They provide society with a wide range of benefits, particularly increased agricultural and industrial production and improvements in the control of disease. However, chemicals have the potential to cause considerable health and environmental problems throughout their life cycle i.e. from production to disposal. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) form one of the chemical groups that pose a particular threat characterized by their toxicity, long lifetimes (persistence) in the environment (air, water, soil, biota) and therefore can move long distances, bioaccumulate through the food web, posing a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. They include industrial chemicals such as PCBs, pesticides such as DDT and combustion by-products such as dioxins and furans. POPs are known to have significant immunological, neurological and reproductive health effects. 1.2 Why are POPs a Global Issue? POPs are semi-volatile chemicals which evaporate from the regions in which they are used and are then transported over long distances in the atmosphere. They are also discharged directly or by atmospheric deposition into waterways and are transported by movement of fresh and marine waters. The result is widespread distribution of POPs across the globe, including regions where they have never been used. POPs occur at low levels in air and water, so human concerns arise from their ability to bioaccumulate in organisms rather than from direct exposure. POPs have a tendency to accumulate in fatty tissue of organisms and bioconcentrate in food chains making humans and wildlife at the top of food chain the most risk. POPs are a global issue for the environment and for human health. They can cause birth defects, various cancers, immune system dysfunction, and reproductive problems in wildlife. The weight of evidence indicates that high levels of exposure over the long term may contribute to increasing rates of birth defects, fertility problems, greater susceptibility to disease, diminished intelligence, and some types of cancers in humans. Of major concern for human health is the effect of exposure to POPs on the developing foetus. POPs can accumulate in human tissues and pass through the placenta to the foetus. Furthermore, POPs have been detected in the breast milk of women throughout the world. 58
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PESTICIDES AND POVERTY Implementing
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3.4 THEME IV: PROJECT DETAILS......
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MoH Ministry of Health MT Metric To
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Initially, she gave a brief history
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iii. Rotterdam Convention - Mr. A.
Page 11 and 12: this project are aware of this trai
Page 13 and 14: On in implementation part the prese
Page 15 and 16: to that effect, however, EMA requir
Page 17 and 18: decision to prohibit transboundary
Page 19 and 20: Mr. Akhabuhaya - Registrar of Pesti
Page 21 and 22: over a broad range of sectors, havi
Page 23 and 24: laws, approved codes of conduct, et
Page 25 and 26: work plan preparation, there is a n
Page 27 and 28: After the presentation it was asked
Page 29 and 30: 4.0 GROUP WORK AND PRESENTATIONS 4.
Page 31 and 32: 2.2. Training individuals with trai
Page 33 and 34: 4.4 To introduce and promote new st
Page 35 and 36: 7.1. Identify effective ways to pro
Page 37 and 38: 8.1. Production and dissemination o
Page 39 and 40: GROUP 1 PROVISION OF INPUTS TO THE
Page 41 and 42: - misuse of pesticides as obstacle
Page 43 and 44: • Mapping of supply chain for pes
Page 45 and 46: 6.0. CLOSING REMARKS The closing re
Page 47 and 48: APPENDIX I WORKSHOP PROGRAMME 42
Page 49 and 50: 17.00 End Day 1 Day 2: Thursday 4 t
Page 51 and 52: APPENDIX II LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 46
Page 53 and 54: 7 Dr. Enock Masanja University of D
Page 55: 18 Dr. Ruth Minja Tanzania Associat
Page 58 and 59: Pesticides and Poverty Implementing
Page 60 and 61: Activity 6 - CASE STUDIES - Documen
Page 64 and 65: In recent decades, the risks posed
Page 66 and 67: exemptions granted should minimize
Page 68 and 69: c) Report to the Conference of the
Page 70 and 71: and dissemination of available alte
Page 72 and 73: The issue of management of POPs fal
Page 74 and 75: Table 1: List of stakeholders and t
Page 76 and 77: Institution xxiv) TANESCO xxv) Seed
Page 78 and 79: 5.0 CHALLENGES AND PLANNED EFFORTS
Page 80 and 81: 5.2 Planned Efforts Some of the pla
Page 82 and 83: 7.0 CONCLUDING REMARKS The Stockhol
Page 84 and 85: Reviews notifications from parties
Page 86 and 87: 4.3 Roles of stakeholders: Provisio
Page 88 and 89: provides early warning for developi
Page 90 and 91: TABLE 1: CHEMICALS SUBJECT TO THE P
Page 92 and 93: Chemical Category Registration Stat
Page 94 and 95: PAPER ON BASEL AND BAMAKO CONVENTIO
Page 96 and 97: 1.0 Introduction 1.1 History of the
Page 98 and 99: ⇒ The prevention and monitoring o
Page 100 and 101: need to be disposed of. Hence trans
Page 102 and 103: (i) Ban amendment (1995) During its
Page 104 and 105: ⇒ To encourage treatment and disp
Page 106 and 107: 9.0 Implementation status of the Ba
Page 108 and 109: (iii) (iv) Disposal of DNOC at Ceme
Page 110 and 111: (i) (ii) (vii) Management of hazard
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BRIEF HISTORY INTERNATIONAL CODE OF
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CTD B)Defficient Laws and Regulatio
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2025. Examples of broader goals emb
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particular focus on food security n
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spraying with pesticides, including
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4.2 How do the MDGs link to Pestici
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• Impacts on certain populations,
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and sociological issues (“mainstr
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6.3 Non-Income Poverty 6.3.1 Educat
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7.2 Least-Toxic Controls In this ap
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8.2 Rotterdam Convention Article 3:
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coordination. Most important some C
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Introduction PESTICIDE AND POVERTY:
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Registration and Control • Respon
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THE ASP AND CIVIL SOCIETY • The A
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Coordination of NGOs • Use existi
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How International Agreements Can Pr
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4. Implementing the Codes & Convent
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CPAM MONITORING TOOLS 1. Community
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AGENDA Experience • Visits the vi
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DESIGNING AN ECOLOGICAL MONITORING
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PESTICIDES AND POVERTY CASE STUDIES
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