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mechanism to communities, which are likely to be victims of pesticide poisoning. The functions of PQRST are to determine the veracity of the report, gather relevant data, properly document the incident/ adverse event, make an initial evaluation the association of the observed adverse event and pesticide exposure, undertake initial response measures and make appropriate recommendations for further action. Community PQRST are to be established in community areas participating in CPAM and the team members should have undergone CPAM training Specific tasks shall be defined by the team members in consultation with the CPAM participating organisation. 3.4.5 Ecotoxicology: Monitoring the Impact of Pesticides Mr. Yahya Msangi- TPAWU and Mr. S. Mng’anya -AGENDA The presentation gave the definition of ecotoxicology which is a combination of three disciplines namely chemistry, toxicology and ecology. The science is not yet sufficiently developed to allow accurate predictions but methodological frameworks and databases are available and these can assist in risk assessment. Risk assessment is a tool that provides useful assistance in decision-making. Risk assessments do predictive exercise about a change or an intervention (such as pesticide use) that is based on scientific data, judgments and assumptions. It identifies significant hazard and estimates the likelihood of harm to individuals or the environment. It also enables decision to be made about ways to reduce or eliminate risk (risk management). Furthermore it determines objectively the least damaging and reasonable option and therefore balance of risk against benefit must be ascertained. Conducting ecology monitoring is important because the amount of pesticides that actually reaches the target is frequently small, and much of it ends up in the environment. Furthermore, the behaviour of pesticides and their environmental impact has mainly been studied in temperate climates, therefore there is a need for studies in tropical climates and therefore skills for ecotoxicological monitoring need to be developed. The aims of the ecological monitoring programme are assessing pesticide impacts, selecting ecological processes or wildlife groups to monitor, selecting appropriate sampling or monitoring methods, processing and analysing the data collected and interpreting the information. 21
After the presentation it was asked that what are the tools for assessing the ecotoxicological risks and the reaction was that risk assessment itself is a tool. There will be training on how to apply the tools to come out with the result. 3.4.6 Pesticides and Poverty: Case Studies Mr. Yahya Msangi- TPAWU and Mr. S. Mng’anya-AGENDA The presentation gave explanation on case studies that will be undertaken as part of the project activities. The objectives of the case studies are to demonstrate the need for action under international chemical conventions (Stockholm, Rotterdam, Basel, Bamako, ILO) and national programmes (NIP and ASP); to identify pesticide problems including poisoning and environmental impact; to determine type and extent of interventions required; how to influence policy changes; plan for awareness raising; and advocacy and lobbying. The criteria for selecting case studies are that they should be relevant to chemical conventions and national programmes i.e. ASP, NIP; problem solving specifically by identifying the pesticides of concern, health and environmental impacts; make use of PIC reporting form in case of poisoning; allow for completion within short period of time with available (limited) resources; and must focus on the overall concept of this project i.e. pesticides and poverty, health and safety etc. The case studies should address issues of poisoning incidences; Integrated Pest/ Vector Management (IPM/IVM); Organic farming & Indigenous knowledge; Obsolete stocks of pesticides; Labelling and empty containers management; Spray equipment and PPE; Vulnerable groups – women, children; and Industry advertisement. Implementation of the case studies will be done by contracting local NGOs, which have interest on pesticides, and the terms of reference will be developed by the secretariat. Furthermore, the case studies will be conducted in sectoral form such as communities, farmers, workers, and households. During panel discussion after the presentations of papers of this theme, the following were asked from presentations, it seems this project will be carried out with NGOs and CBOs, what are the roles of other stakeholders and the reaction was that there are specific activities to be carried by NGOs and CBOs but there are some other activities for other stakeholders. It was then commended that this project is aimed to strengthen NGOs before launch of the ASP therefore it is funded from PAN UK separately from the ASP project itself. Government usually involves NGOs and CSOs in all donor-funded projects. 22
Page 1 and 2: PESTICIDES AND POVERTY Implementing
Page 3 and 4: 3.4 THEME IV: PROJECT DETAILS......
Page 5 and 6: MoH Ministry of Health MT Metric To
Page 7 and 8: Initially, she gave a brief history
Page 9 and 10: iii. Rotterdam Convention - Mr. A.
Page 11 and 12: this project are aware of this trai
Page 13 and 14: On in implementation part the prese
Page 15 and 16: to that effect, however, EMA requir
Page 17 and 18: decision to prohibit transboundary
Page 19 and 20: Mr. Akhabuhaya - Registrar of Pesti
Page 21 and 22: over a broad range of sectors, havi
Page 23 and 24: laws, approved codes of conduct, et
Page 25: work plan preparation, there is a n
Page 29 and 30: 4.0 GROUP WORK AND PRESENTATIONS 4.
Page 31 and 32: 2.2. Training individuals with trai
Page 33 and 34: 4.4 To introduce and promote new st
Page 35 and 36: 7.1. Identify effective ways to pro
Page 37 and 38: 8.1. Production and dissemination o
Page 39 and 40: GROUP 1 PROVISION OF INPUTS TO THE
Page 41 and 42: - misuse of pesticides as obstacle
Page 43 and 44: • Mapping of supply chain for pes
Page 45 and 46: 6.0. CLOSING REMARKS The closing re
Page 47 and 48: APPENDIX I WORKSHOP PROGRAMME 42
Page 49 and 50: 17.00 End Day 1 Day 2: Thursday 4 t
Page 51 and 52: APPENDIX II LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 46
Page 53 and 54: 7 Dr. Enock Masanja University of D
Page 55: 18 Dr. Ruth Minja Tanzania Associat
Page 58 and 59: Pesticides and Poverty Implementing
Page 60 and 61: Activity 6 - CASE STUDIES - Documen
Page 62 and 63: CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE ST
Page 64 and 65: In recent decades, the risks posed
Page 66 and 67: exemptions granted should minimize
Page 68 and 69: c) Report to the Conference of the
Page 70 and 71: and dissemination of available alte
Page 72 and 73: The issue of management of POPs fal
Page 74 and 75: Table 1: List of stakeholders and t
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Institution xxiv) TANESCO xxv) Seed
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5.0 CHALLENGES AND PLANNED EFFORTS
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5.2 Planned Efforts Some of the pla
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7.0 CONCLUDING REMARKS The Stockhol
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Reviews notifications from parties
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4.3 Roles of stakeholders: Provisio
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provides early warning for developi
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TABLE 1: CHEMICALS SUBJECT TO THE P
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Chemical Category Registration Stat
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PAPER ON BASEL AND BAMAKO CONVENTIO
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1.0 Introduction 1.1 History of the
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⇒ The prevention and monitoring o
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need to be disposed of. Hence trans
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(i) Ban amendment (1995) During its
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⇒ To encourage treatment and disp
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9.0 Implementation status of the Ba
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(iii) (iv) Disposal of DNOC at Ceme
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(i) (ii) (vii) Management of hazard
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BRIEF HISTORY INTERNATIONAL CODE OF
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CTD B)Defficient Laws and Regulatio
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2025. Examples of broader goals emb
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particular focus on food security n
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spraying with pesticides, including
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4.2 How do the MDGs link to Pestici
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• Impacts on certain populations,
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and sociological issues (“mainstr
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6.3 Non-Income Poverty 6.3.1 Educat
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7.2 Least-Toxic Controls In this ap
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8.2 Rotterdam Convention Article 3:
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coordination. Most important some C
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Introduction PESTICIDE AND POVERTY:
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Registration and Control • Respon
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THE ASP AND CIVIL SOCIETY • The A
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Coordination of NGOs • Use existi
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How International Agreements Can Pr
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4. Implementing the Codes & Convent
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CPAM MONITORING TOOLS 1. Community
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AGENDA Experience • Visits the vi
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DESIGNING AN ECOLOGICAL MONITORING
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PESTICIDES AND POVERTY CASE STUDIES
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